| Acetonitrile | |
|---|---|
 |
 |
| IUPAC name | Ethanenitrile |
| Other names | Methyl cyanide; cyanomethane |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | [75-05-8] |
| RTECS number | AL7700000 |
| SMILES | CC#N |
| InChI | 1/C2H3N/c1-2-3/h1H3 |
| Properties | |
| Molecular formula | C2H3N |
| Molar mass | 41. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances ( RTECS) is a Database of Toxicity information compiled from the open scientific literature without reference The IUPAC International Chemical Identifier ( InChI, pronounced "INchee" is a textual Identifier for Chemical substances designed to provide a A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Molar mass, symbol M, is the Mass of one mole of a substance ( Chemical element or Chemical compound) 05 g/mol |
| Appearance | colorless liquid |
| Density | 0. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 786 g/mL liquid |
| Melting point |
-45 °C |
| Boiling point |
82 °C |
| Solubility in water | miscible |
| Solubility | organic solvents |
| Acidity (pKa) | 25 |
| Hazards | |
| MSDS | External MSDS |
| EU classification | Flammable, harmful |
| NFPA 704 |
 3
2
0
|
| R-phrases | R11, R20/21/22, R36 |
| S-phrases | (S1/2), S16, S36/37 |
| Flash point | 2 °C |
| Related compounds | |
| Related nitriles | propionitrile, butyronitrile |
| Related compounds | acetic acid, acetamide, ethylamine |
| Supplementary data page | |
| Structure and properties |
n, εr, etc. The melting point of a solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to Liquid. The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the Vapor pressure of the liquid equals the environmental pressure surrounding the liquid Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. Solubility is the characteristic Physical property referring to the ability of a given substance the Solute, to dissolve in a Solvent. A material safety data sheet ( MSDS) is a form containing data regarding the properties of a particular substance This page provides supplementary chemical data on Acetonitrile Council Directive 67/548/EEC of 27 June 1967 on the approximation of laws regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification packaging and labelling Symbolism The four divisions are typically color-coded with blue indicating level of Health Hazard, red indicating R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous R-phrases (short for Risk Phrases) are defined in Annex III of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Nature of special risks attributed to dangerous S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. S-phrases are defined in Annex IV of European Union Directive 67/548/EEC: Safety advice concerning dangerous substances and preparations. The flash point of a flammable liquid is the lowest Temperature at which it can form an ignitable mixture in air A nitrile is any Organic compound which has a - C ≡ N Functional group. Propionitrile, or ethyl cyanide, is a low-molecular weight Nitrile with the molecular formula C2H5CN Butyronitrile, or propyl cyanide, is a low molecular weight Nitrile with the molecular formula C4H7CN Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound, giving Vinegar its sour taste Acetamide (or acetic acid amide or ethanamide) CH3CONH2 the Amide of Acetic acid, is a white crystalline solid in Ethylamine is a Chemical compound with the formula CH3CH2NH2 It has a strong Ammonia -like odor This page provides supplementary chemical data on Acetonitrile This page provides supplementary chemical data on Acetonitrile The refractive index (or index of Refraction) of a medium is a measure for how much the speed of light (or other waves such as sound waves is reduced inside the medium Measurement The relative static permittivity εr can be measured for static Electric fields as follows first the Capacitance of a test |
| Thermodynamic data |
Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas |
| Spectral data | UV, IR, NMR, MS |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references |
|
Acetonitrile (ACN) is the chemical compound with formula CH3CN. This page provides supplementary chemical data on Acetonitrile This page provides supplementary chemical data on Acetonitrile Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy or ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( UV/ VIS) involves the Spectroscopy of Photons in the UV-visible Infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy is the subset of Spectroscopy that deals with the Infrared region of the Electromagnetic spectrum. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy, is the name given to a technique which exploits the magnetic properties of certain nuclei Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that identifies the chemical composition of a compound or sample based on the Mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles In Chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 Kilopascals exactly A chemical compound is a substance consisting of two or more different elements chemically bonded together in a fixed proportion by Mass. A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes This colourless liquid is the simplest organic nitrile and is widely used as a solvent. A nitrile is any Organic compound which has a - C ≡ N Functional group. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution.
Contents |
Production
Acetonitrile is a by-product from the manufacture of acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN [1] Production trends for acetonitrile thus generally follow those of acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2CHCN Acetonitrile may also be produced by reacting carbon monoxide, ammonia, and hydrogen gases. Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. Ammonia is a compound with the formula N[[hydrogen H3]] It is normally encountered as a Gas with a characteristic pungent Odor Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 [2] The four main producers of acetonitrile in the United States are: INEOS, DuPont, J. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ineos is a privately owned UK chemicals company By revenue it is the third largest chemicals firm in the world (after BASF and Dow Chemical) and the biggest E I du Pont de Nemours and Company (,) is an American chemical company that was founded in July 1802 as a Gunpowder mill by Eleuthère Irénée T. Baker Chemical, and Sterling Chemicals. Sterling Chemicals is a chemicals producer located in Houston Texas. In 1992, 32. Year 1992 ( MCMXCII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar) 3 million pounds (14,700 t) of acetonitrile were produced in the United States of America.
Applications
Solvent
Acetonitrile is used as a solvent in the purification of butadiene. Being relatively non-toxic, it is sometimes used in formulations for nail polish remover, as are acetone and ethyl acetate. Nail polish or nail varnish is a Lacquer that is applied to the nails of both the Fingers and Toes usually cosmetically but also as Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is a colorless mobile flammable Ethyl acetate ( systematically, ethyl ethanoate commonly abbreviated EtOAc or EA is the Organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH2CH3 In more specialized applications, it is a common solvent of choice for testing an unknown chemical reaction. It is polar ((3. 84 D) with a convenient liquid range. It dissolves a wide range of compounds without complications due to its low acidity. For this reason, it is widely used as a mobile phase in HPLC. High-performance liquid chromatography (or High pressure liquid chromatography, HPLC) is a form of Column chromatography used frequently in Biochemistry Similarly, it is a popular solvent in cyclic voltammetry because of its relatively high dielectric constant. Cyclic voltammetry or CV is a type of potentiodynamic electrochemical measurement Measurement The relative static permittivity εr can be measured for static Electric fields as follows first the Capacitance of a test The properties of acetone are similar, but it is more reactive toward bases and nucleophiles. Acetone (also known as propanone, dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, propan-2-one and β-ketopropane) is a colorless mobile flammable
Organic synthesis
Acetonitrile is a two-carbon building block in organic synthesis[3] as in the production of pesticides to perfumes. Organic synthesis is a special branch of Chemical synthesis and is concerned with the construction of Organic compounds via Organic reactions Organic A pesticide is a substance or mixture of substances used to kill a pest. Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living Its reaction with cyanogen chloride affords malononitrile. Cyanogen chloride is a Chemical compound with the formula CNCl Malononitrile, also propanedinitrile, is a Nitrile, with formula CH2(CN2
Ligand in inorganic chemistry
In inorganic chemistry, acetonitrile is widely employed as a displaceable ligand. In Chemistry, a ligand is either an Atom, Ion, or Molecule (see also Functional group) that bonds to a central metal generally A good example is the use of PdCl2(MeCN)2, prepared by heating a suspension of (polymeric) palladium chloride in acetonitrile:
- [PdCl2]n + 2n MeCN → n PdCl2(MeCN)2
Safety
Acetonitrile has a modest toxicity, the LD50 for rats being 3. Submit WARNING template loop detected to get this template --> Palladium(II chloride, also known as palladium dichloride, are the Chemical compounds In Toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for “Lethal Dose 50%” or LCt50 (Lethal Concentration & Time of a 8 g/kg. Unlike the behavior of other nitriles, the metabolism of acetonitrile does not release cyanide. A cyanide is any Chemical compound that contains the cyano group (C≡N which consists of a Carbon Atom triple-bonded to a [1] According the MSDS "Acetonitrile is metabolized to cyanide. Patients with significant exposures should be observed for signs of cyanide poisoning and treated accordingly. Cyanide poisoning occurs when a living organism is exposed to Cyanide. "
References
- ^ a b Peter Pollak, Gérard Romeder, Ferdinand Hagedorn, Heinz-Peter Gelbke "Nitriles" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, 2002: Weinheim. DOI: 10. 1002/14356007. a17_363
- ^ US patent 4179462, "Process for preparing acetonitrile", granted [[]], assigned to Monsanto
- ^ DiBiase, S. The Monsanto Company ( is a multinational Agricultural biotechnology Corporation. A. ; Beadle, J. R. ; Gokel, G. W. . "Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Nitriles from Acetonitrile: Cyclohexylideneacetonitrile and Cinnamonitrile". Org. Synth.; Coll. Organic Syntheses is a Scientific journal that since 1921 has provided the Chemistry community with annual collections of detailed and checked procedures Vol. 7: 108.
External links
- WebBook page for C2H3N
- International Chemical Safety Card 0088
- National Pollutant Inventory - Acetonitrile fact sheet
- NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
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