Acacia
Acacia greggii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Fabales Family: Fabaceae Subfamily: Mimosoideae Tribe: Acacieae Genus: Acacia Miller
Species
About 1,300; see List of Acacia species

Acacia is a genus of shrubs and trees belonging to the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first described in Africa by the Swedish botanist Carolus Linnaeus in 1773. Acacia greggii is a species of Acacia native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, from the extreme south of Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its Fabales is an order of Flowering plants It is included in the rosid group of the Eudicots in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group II Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea As noted below in some classifications (eg the Cronquist system) "Mimosoideae" refers to what here is considered the tribe Mimoseae. Gerrit Smith Miller Jr ( December 6 1869 - February 24 1956) was an American Zoologist. Several cladistic analyses have shown that the genus Acacia is not Monophyletic. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or In Biological classification, family ( Latin As noted below in some classifications (eg the Cronquist system) "Mimosoideae" refers to what here is considered the tribe Mimoseae. Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for

Acacias are also known as thorntrees or wattles, including the yellow-fever acacia and umbrella acacias.

There are roughly 1300 species of Acacia worldwide, about 960 of them native to Australia, with the remainder spread around the tropical to warm-temperate regions of both hemispheres, including Africa, southern Asia, and the Americas. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America

Contents 1 Classification 2 Geography 3 Description 4 Symbiosis 5 Pests 6 Uses 6.1 Food uses 6.2 Gum 6.3 Medicinal uses 6.4 Ornamental uses 6.5 Paints 6.6 Perfume 6.7 Symbolism and ritual 6.8 Tannin 6.9 Wood 7 Phytochemistry of Acacia 7.1 Alkaloids 7.1.1 List of acacia species having little or no alkaloids in the material sampled:[29] 7.2 Cyanogenic glycosides 8 Species 9 Famous acacia 10 Identification gallery 10.1 Flowers 10.2 Bark 10.3 Foliage 10.4 Seed pods 10.5 Seeds 10.6 Thorns 10.7 Tree 10.8 Wood 11 See also 12 Notes 13 General references 14 External links

Classification

The genus Acacia is apparently not monophyletic. Acacia berlandieri ( Berlandier Acacia, Guajillo Acacia, guajillo, huajillo) is a Shrub native to the Southwestern Golden Wattle ( Acacia pycnantha) is Australia 's Floral emblem. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor This discovery has led to the breaking up of Acacia into five new genera as discussed in list of Acacia species. Several cladistic analyses have shown that the genus Acacia is not Monophyletic. In common parlance the term "acacia" is occasionally misapplied to species of the genus Robinia, which also belongs in the pea family. Robinia is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, subfamily Faboideae, native to North America and northern A pea (inaccurately called a '''sweet pea''' by food distubutors is most commonly the small spherical Seed or the seed-pod of the Legume Pisum Robinia pseudoacacia, an American species locally known as Black locust, is sometimes called "false acacia" in cultivation in the United Kingdom. Black Locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia) is a Tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. Tillage is the agricultural preparation of the Soil by Ploughing ripping or turning it The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Geography

The southernmost species in the genus are Acacia dealbata (Silver Wattle), Acacia longifolia (Coast Wattle or Sydney Golden Wattle), Acacia mearnsii (Black Wattle), and Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood), reaching 43°30' S in Tasmania, Australia, while Acacia caven (Espinillo Negro) reaches nearly as far south in northeastern Chubut Province of Argentina. Acacia farnesiana var farnesiana, commonly known as huisache or sweet acacia, is an Acacia tree or shrub which grows readily when disturbed Acacia retinodes is a perennial tree which is widely distributed throughout the world Acacia dealbata ( Silver Wattle) is a species of Acacia, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, Acacia longifolia is a species of Acacia native to southeastern Australia, from the extreme southeast of Queensland, eastern Acacia mearnsii is a fast-growing leguminous tree native to Australia. The Australian Blackwood ( Acacia melanoxylon) is an Acacia Species native in eastern Australia. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass Acacia caven ( Roman Cassie, Aromita, Aromo Criollo, Caven, Churque, Churqui, Espinillo, Chubut ( Spanish: Provincia del Chubut Welsh: Talaith Chubut a Province in the southern part of Argentina, that lies between the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Australian species are usually called wattles, while African and American species tend to be known as acacias.

Acacia albida, Acacia tortilis and Acacia iraqensis can be found growing wild in the Sinai desert and the Jordan valley. Faidherbia albida (syn Acacia albida Delile is a species of Faidherbia native to Africa and the Middle East, formerly Umbrella Thorn Acacia ( Acacia tortilis) also known as Umbrella Thorn and Israeli Babool, is a medium to large canopied tree native primarily to the The Sinai Peninsula or Sinai ( Coptic: sina; Egyptian Arabic: sina سينا Arabic, sina'a سيناء This article is about the Jordan River and its valley in western Asia It is found in the savanna vegetation of the tropical continental climate.

Description

The leaves of acacias are compound pinnate in general. Acacia dealbata ( Silver Wattle) is a species of Acacia, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, In some species, however, more especially in the Australian and Pacific islands species, the leaflets are suppressed, and the leaf-stalks (petioles) become vertically flattened, and serve the purpose of leaves. The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20000 to 30000 Islands (the exact number has yet to be precisely determined In Botany, the petiole is the small stalk attaching the Leaf blade to the stem. These are known as phyllodes. In Botany, the petiole is the small stalk attaching the Leaf blade to the stem. The vertical orientation of the phyllodes protects them from intense sunlight, as with their edges towards the sky and earth they do not intercept light so fully as horizontally placed leaves. A few species (such as Acacia glaucoptera) lack leaves or phyllodes altogether, but possess instead cladodes, modified leaf-like photosynthetic stems functioning as leaves. Acacia glaucoptera, commonly known as Flat Wattle or Clay Wattle, is a species of Acacia which is endemic to the south-west of Western Cladophylls also called cladodes are photosynthetic Branches or portions of a stem that resemble and function as a Leaf, as in the Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy.

The small flowers have five very small petals, almost hidden by the long stamens, and are arranged in dense globular or cylindrical clusters; they are yellow or cream-colored in most species, whitish in some, even purple (Acacia purpureapetala) or red (Acacia leprosa Scarlet Blaze). A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also The stamen ( Plural stamina or stamens, from Latin stamen meaning "thread of the warp " is the male Acacia leprosa, also known as Cinnamon Wattle, is an Acacia native to Australia

The plants often bear spines, especially those species growing in arid regions. These sometimes represent branches which have become short, hard and pungent, or sometimes leaf-stipules. In Botany, stipule ( Latin stipula: straw stalk is a term coined by Linnaeus Acacia armata is the Kangaroo-thorn of Australia and Acacia erioloba is the Camelthorn of Africa. Acacia paradoxa is a plant in the Fabaceae family Its common names include kangaroo thorn, prickly wattle, and paradox acacia Acacia erioloba (formerly Acacia giraffae) is also commonly known as the Camel Thorn, Kameeldoring ( Afrikaans) Giraffe

Symbiosis

In the Central American Acacia sphaerocephala, Acacia cornigera, and Acacia collinsii (collectively known as the bullthorn acacias), the large thorn-like stipules are hollow and afford shelter for ants, which feed on a secretion of sap on the leaf-stalk and small, lipid-rich food-bodies at the tips of the leaflets called Beltian bodies; in return they add protection to the plant against herbivores. Bull's Horn Thorn is a plant Acacia sphaerocephala, of the family Fabaceae. Acacia cornigera, commonly known as Bullhorn Acacia ( family Fabaceae) is a swollen-thorn Acacia native to Mexico Acacia collinsii is a Species of Flowering plant. It grows in secondary succession in seasonally dry ecosystems in southern Central America Ants are social Insects of the family Formicidae and along with the related families of Wasps and Bees belong to the order Lipids are broadly defined as any fat- Soluble ( lipophilic) naturally-occurring Molecule, such as fats oils waxes cholesterol sterols fat-soluble Herbivory is a form of Predation in which an Organism, known as a herbivore, consumes principally Autotrophs ref name=Campbell>Campbell ^[1] Some species of ants will also fight off competing plants around the acacia, cutting off the offending plant's leaves with their jaws and ultimately killing it, while other ant species will do nothing to benefit their host.

Pests

In Australia, Acacia species are sometimes used as food plants by the larvae of hepialid moths of the genus Aenetus including A. A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example The Hepialidae is a family of Insects in the Lepidopteran order. A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic Aenetus is a genus of Moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 24 described species found in Indonesia, New Guinea, New ligniveren. These burrow horizontally into the trunk then vertically down. Other Lepidoptera larvae which have been recorded feeding on Acacia include Brown-tail, Endoclita malabaricus and Turnip Moth. Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Brown-tail ( Euproctis chrysorrhoea) is a Moth of the family Lymantriidae. Endoclita is a genus of Moths of the family Hepialidae. There are 60 described species found in eastern and southeast Asia and the Indian The Turnip Moth ( Agrotis segetum) is a Moth of the family Noctuidae. The leaf-mining larvae of some bucculatricid moths also feed on Acacia: Bucculatrix agilis feeds exclusively on Acacia horrida and Bucculatrix flexuosa feeds exclusively on Acacia nilotica. Bucculatricidae or ( Bucculatrigidae) is a family of Moths This small family has representatives in all parts of the world A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. Bucculatricidae or ( Bucculatrigidae) is a family of Moths This small family has representatives in all parts of the world Acacia horrida is a low spreading shrub or sometimes Tree native to both the wet and dry Scrublands of tropical to subtropical East Africa Bucculatricidae or ( Bucculatrigidae) is a family of Moths This small family has representatives in all parts of the world

Acacias contain a number of organic compounds that defend them from pests and grazing animals. An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. ^[2]

Uses

Food uses

Acacia seeds are often used for food and a variety of other products. Wattleseed is a term used to described the edible seeds from around 120 species of Australian Acacia thatwere traditionally used as food by Australian Aborigines

In Burma, Laos and Thailand, the feathery shoots of Acacia pennata (common name cha-om, ชะอม and su pout ywet in Burmese) are used in soups, curries, omelettes, and stir-fries. Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Soup is a Food that is made by combining ingredients such as Meat and Vegetables in stock or hot/boiling Water, until the flavor Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan An omelette is a preparation of beaten egg cooked with Butter or oil in a Frying pan, usually folded around a filling such as Stir frying is an Umbrella term used to describe two fast Chinese cooking techniques chǎo ( 炒) and bào ( 爆)

Honey made by bees using the acacia flower as forage is considered a delicacy, appreciated for its mild flowery taste, soft running texture and glass-like appearance. Honey is a sweet and Viscous fluid produced by Honey bees (and some other species and derived from the nectar of Flowers According to the Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea For Bees their forage or food supply consists of Nectar and Pollen from blooming Plants within flight range Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Acacia honey is one of the few honeys which does not crystalize. ^[3]

Acacia is listed as an ingredient in Fresca, a citrus soft drink, and Barq's root beer, as well as in Läkerol pastille candies, Altoids mints, and Wrigley's Eclipse chewing gum. Fresca is a brand of citrus Soft drink made by The Coca-Cola Company. Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or Barq's (ˈbɑrks "Barks" is an American Soft drink company Root beer, also known as Sarsaparilla, is a carbonated Beverage originally created from Sassafras. Läkerol is a Swedish brand of Candies currently produced by the Leaf confectionary company A pastille was originally a pill shaped lump of compressed Herbs, which was burnt to release its Medicinal properties Candy, specifically sugar candy, is a confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water to which a variety of flavorings and colorants is added Altoids are a brand of Breath mints that have existed since the turn of the 19th century This article is about the Candy. See Mint (disambiguation for other meanings The William Wrigley Jr Company ( was founded on April 1 1891 originally selling products such as Soap and Baking powder. For songs called "Chewing Gum" see Chewing Gum (song Chewing gum is a type of Confectionery traditionally made of Chicle

Gum

Various species of acacia yield gum. True gum arabic is the product of Acacia senegal, abundant in dry tropical West Africa from Senegal to northern Nigeria. Gum arabic, a Natural gum also called gum acacia, and chaar gund or char goond (in India is the hardened Sap taken from two species la Acacia senegal is a small deciduous Acacia tree known by the common names Rudraksha, Gum Acacia, Gum Arabic Tree, or Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. Nigeria, officially named the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal Constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and one Federal

Acacia arabica is the gum-Arabic tree of India, but yields a gum inferior to the true gum-Arabic. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

Medicinal uses

Many Acacia species have important uses in traditional medicine. Acacia covenyi is a rare plant from Southern New South Wales. Most all of the uses have been shown to have a scientific basis, since chemical compounds found in the various species have medicinal effects. In Ayurvedic medicine, Acacia nilotica is considered a remedy that is helpful for treating premature ejaculation. Ayurveda ( Devanāgarī: आयुर्वॆद the 'science of life' is a system of Traditional medicine native to India, and practiced in other Premature ejaculation (PE also known as rapid ejaculation, rapid climax, premature climax or early ejaculation, is the most common sexual A 19th century Ethiopian medical text describes a potion made from an Ethiopian species of Acacia (known as grar) mixed with the root of the tacha, then boiled, as a cure for rabies. Rabies (from rabies “madness rage fury” Also known as “ hydrophobia ” is a viral Zoonotic neuroinvasive disease that ^[4] An astringent medicine, called catechu or cutch, is procured from several species, but more especially from Acacia catechu, by boiling down the wood and evaporating the solution so as to get an extract. An astringent (also spelled adstringent) substance is a chemical that tends to shrink or constrict Body tissues usually locally after Topical medicinal Catechu (also known as cachou, cutch, cashoo, or Japan earth) is an Extract of any of several species of Acacia Acacia catechu is a deciduous thorny tree which grows up to 15m in height ^[5]

Ornamental uses

A few species are widely grown as ornamentals in gardens; the most popular perhaps is Acacia dealbata (Silver Wattle), with its attractive glaucous to silvery leaves and bright yellow flowers; it is erroneously known as "mimosa" in some areas where it is cultivated, through confusion with the related genus Mimosa. A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. Acacia dealbata ( Silver Wattle) is a species of Acacia, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, Mimosa is a Genus of about 400 species of herbs and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the legume family Fabaceae.

Another ornamental acacia is Acacia xanthophloea (Fever Tree). Acacia xanthophloea ( Fever Tree) is a tree which is native to the following countries in Africa Botswana Kenya Malawi Mozambique Somalia South Africa Swaziland Southern European florists use Acacia baileyana, Acacia dealbata, Acacia pycnantha and Acacia retinodes as cut flowers and the common name there for them is mimosa. ^[6]

Ornamental species of acacia are also used by homeowners and landscape architects for home security purposes. A landscape architect is a person involved in the planning design and sometimes oversight of an exterior landscape or space Physical security describes measures that prevent or deter Attackers from accessing a facility resource or information stored on physical media ^[7][8] The sharp thorns of some species deter unauthorized persons from entering private properties, and may prevent break-ins if planted under windows and near drainpipes. The aesthetic characteristics of acacia plants, in conjunction with their home security qualities, makes them a considerable alternative to artificial fences and walls. A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area

Paints

The ancient Egyptians used Acacia in paints. ^[9]

Perfume

Acacia farnesiana is used in the perfume industry due to its strong fragrance. Acacia farnesiana, commonly known as Needle Bush, is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches Acacia farnesiana, commonly known as Needle Bush, is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches Perfume is a mixture of fragrant Essential oils and Aroma compounds Fixatives and Solvents used to give the human body animals objects and living The use of Acacia as a fragrance dates back centuries. In The Bible, burning of acacia wood as a form of incense is mentioned several times. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin Incense is composed of Aromatic biotic materials It releases fragrant Smoke when burned

Symbolism and ritual

The Acacia is used as a symbol in Freemasonry, to represent purity and endurance of the soul, and as funerary symbolism signifying resurrection and immortality. The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living

Several parts (mainly bark, root and resin) of Acacia are used to make incense for rituals. Incense is composed of Aromatic biotic materials It releases fragrant Smoke when burned Acacia is used in incense mainly in India, Nepal, Tibet and China. Smoke from Acacia bark is thought to keep demons and ghosts away and to put the gods in a good mood. A ghost is said to be the apparition of a Deceased person frequently similar in appearance to that person and usually encountered in places she or he frequented Roots and resin from Acacia are combined with rhododendron, acorus, cytisus, salvia and some other components of incense. Rhododendron (from the Greek: rhodos, "rose" and dendron, "tree" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acorus is a Genus of Monocot Flowering plants This genus was once placed within the family Araceae (aroids but more recent Brooms are a group of Evergreen, semi-evergreen and Deciduous Shrubs in the subfamily Faboideae of the Legume family Fabaceae Salvia is a Genus of plants in the mint family Lamiaceae. It is one of three genera commonly referred to as sage. Both people and elephants like an alcoholic beverage made from acacia fruit. ^[10] According to Easton's Bible Dictionary, the Acacia tree may be the “burning bush” (Exodus 3:2) which Moses encountered in the desert. ^[11]

Tannin

The bark of various Australian species, known as wattles, is very rich in tannin and forms an important article of export; important species include Acacia pycnantha (Golden Wattle), Acacia decurrens (Tan Wattle), Acacia dealbata (Silver Wattle) and Acacia mearnsii (Black Wattle). Tannins are Astringent, bitter plant Polyphenols that either bind and Precipitate or shrink Proteins The astringency from the tannins is what Golden Wattle ( Acacia pycnantha) is Australia 's Floral emblem. Acacia decurrens ( Acacia bark, Early black wattle, Green wattle, Sydney wattle, Wattle bark) is a perennial tree or Acacia dealbata ( Silver Wattle) is a species of Acacia, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, Acacia mearnsii is a fast-growing leguminous tree native to Australia.

Tannin Content of Various Acacia Species

	Bark	Dried Leaves	Seed Pods
Species	Tannins [%]	Tannins [%]	Tannins [%]
Acacia albida	2-28%[12]		5-13%[12]
Acacia cavenia			32%[13]
Acacia dealbata	19. Faidherbia albida (syn Acacia albida Delile is a species of Faidherbia native to Africa and the Middle East, formerly Acacia caven ( Roman Cassie, Aromita, Aromo Criollo, Caven, Churque, Churqui, Espinillo, Acacia dealbata ( Silver Wattle) is a species of Acacia, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, 1%[14]
Acacia decurrens	37-40%[14]
Acacia farnesiana			23%[14]
Acacia mearnsii	25-35%[12]
Acacia melanoxylon	20%[13]
Acacia nilotica	18-23%*[12]
Acacia penninervis	18%[13]
Acacia pycnantha	30-45%[13]	15-16%[13]
Acacia saligna	21. Acacia decurrens ( Acacia bark, Early black wattle, Green wattle, Sydney wattle, Wattle bark) is a perennial tree or Acacia farnesiana, commonly known as Needle Bush, is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches Acacia mearnsii is a fast-growing leguminous tree native to Australia. The Australian Blackwood ( Acacia melanoxylon) is an Acacia Species native in eastern Australia. Acacia penninervis is a perennial shrub or tree 2-8m high which is native to Australia and New Zealand. Golden Wattle ( Acacia pycnantha) is Australia 's Floral emblem. Acacia saligna (Syn Acacia cyanophylla) commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, orange wattle 5%[14]

*Inner bark

Black Wattle is grown in plantations in South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Most Australian acacia species introduced to South Africa have become an enormous problem, due to their naturally aggressive propagation. The pods of Acacia nilotica (under the name of neb-neb), and of other African species are also rich in tannin and used by tanners. Tannins are Astringent, bitter plant Polyphenols that either bind and Precipitate or shrink Proteins The astringency from the tannins is what

Wood

Most acacia species are used for valuable timber; such are Acacia melanoxylon (Blackwood) from Australia, which attains a great size; its wood is used for furniture, and takes a high polish; and Acacia omalophylla (Myall Wood, also Australian), which yields a fragrant timber, used for ornamental purposes. The koa ( Acacia koa; Family Fabaceae) is a large tree endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, primarily Hawai{{okina}}i, Maui Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or The Australian Blackwood ( Acacia melanoxylon) is an Acacia Species native in eastern Australia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Furniture is the Mass noun for the movable objects which may support the human body (seating furniture and beds, provide storage or hold objects on horizontal Acacia seyal is thought to be the Shittah-tree of the Bible, which supplied shittim-wood. Red acacia ( Acacia seyal; also known as Shittim wood or Shittim tree) is a thorny 6-10 m (20-30 ft high tree with a greenish or reddish Shittah-tree is Hebrew for Acacia. Acacia albida, Acacia tortilis and Acacia iraqensis can be found Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin According to the Book of Exodus, this was used in the construction of the Ark of the Covenant. Exodus ( Greek: έξοδος eksodos = "departure" is the second book of the Jewish Torah and of the Christian Old Testament. The Ark of the Covenant (אָרוֹן הָבְרִית ʔārōn hāb’rīθ, Modern aron habrit) is described in the Bible as a sacred container wherein Acacia koa from the Hawaiian Islands and Acacia heterophylla from Réunion island are both excellent timber trees. The koa ( Acacia koa; Family Fabaceae) is a large tree endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, primarily Hawai{{okina}}i, Maui The Hawaiian Islands, once known as the Sandwich Islands, form an Archipelago of 19 Islands and Atolls numerous smaller Acacia heterophylla, the Highland tamarin, is a tree (or shrub in its higher places endemic to Réunion island where it is commonly named Tamarin Réunion ( French: Réunion or formally La Réunion; previously Île Bourbon) is an island located in the Indian Ocean, east of

Approximate wood densities of various acacia species

	Density	Heartwood Density	Sapwood Density
Species	[kg/m³]	[kg/m³]	[kg/m³]
Acacia acuminata	1040[15]
Acacia amythethophylla		1170[16]
Acacia catechu	880[17]
Acacia confusa	690-750[17]
Acacia erioloba		1230[16]
Acacia galpinii		800[16]
Acacia goetzii			1025[16]
Acacia karoo		800[16]
Acacia leucophloea	760[17]
Acacia mellifera subsp. Description Acacia acuminata, commonly known as raspberry jam or fine leaf jam, is a shrub in the family Fabaceae Acacia catechu is a deciduous thorny tree which grows up to 15m in height Acacia confusa is a perennial tree native to Asia. Some common names for it are Acacia Petit Feuille, Mimosa, Small Philippine Acacia Acacia erioloba (formerly Acacia giraffae) is also commonly known as the Camel Thorn, Kameeldoring ( Afrikaans) Giraffe Acacia karroo also known as the Sweet Thorn, is a species of Acacia, native to southern Africa from southern Angola Acacia leucophloea (रेवंजा also called reonja, is a moderate sized Tree sometimes mistaken for Prosopis cineraria with spreading crown mellifera		1100[16]
Acacia nilotica	700[17]	1170[16]
Acacia nilotica subsp. adstringens	827-945[16]
Acacia nilotica subsp. nilotica	800[16]	1170[16]
Acacia polyacantha subsp. campylacantha		705[16]
Acacia sieberiana		655[16]

In Indonesia (mainly in Sumatra) and in Malaysia (mainly in Sarawak) plantations of Acacia mangium are being established to supply pulpwood to the paper industry. Description Acacia nilotica subsp adstringens is a perennial tree Acacia nilotica subsp nilotica is a perennial tree native to Africa. Acacia polyacantha subsp campylacantha is a perennial tree native to Africa. Acacia sieberiana is a perennial tree native to Africa and introduced into Pakistan. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470000 km² and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and Sarawak is one of two Malaysian states on the Island of Borneo. Acacia mangium is a perennial tree native to Australia and Asia. Pulpwood refers to Timber grown with the principal purpose of making Wood pulp for Paper production

Phytochemistry of Acacia

Alkaloids

As mentioned previously, Acacias contain a number of organic compounds that defend them from pests and grazing animals. An organic compound is any member of a large class of Chemical compounds whose Molecules contain Carbon. ^[2] Many of these compounds are psychoactive in humans. A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a Chemical substance that acts primarily upon the Central nervous system where it alters Brain The alkaloids found in Acacias include dimethyltryptamine (DMT), 5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) and N-methyltryptamine (NMT). This article is about the chemical compounds alkaloids For the Pharmaceutical company in the Republic of Macedonia see Alkaloid (company. Dimethyltryptamine (DMT also known as NN -dimethyltryptamine, is a naturally occurring Tryptamine and potent psychedelic drug found not only in 5-MeO-DMT (5-methoxy-dimethyltryptamine is a very powerful psychedelic Tryptamine. NMT, or N- Methyl[[tryptamine]], also known by the name of monomethyltryptamine is a lesser-known psychedelic drug. The plant leaves, stems and/or roots are sometimes made into a brew together with some MAOI-containing plant and consumed orally for healing, ceremonial or religious uses. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs) are a class of powerful antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. Egyptian mythology has associated the acacia tree with characteristics of the tree of life (cf. Ancient Egyptian religion encompasses the various religious beliefs and rituals practiced in Ancient Egypt from the predynastic period until the adoption of Christianity A tree of life is a mystical concept a Metaphor for common descent or a Motif in various world theologies and philosophies. article on the Legend of Osiris and Isis). The Legend of Osiris and Isis, concerning the Deities of Egyptian mythology Osiris, Isis, Horus and Set, became one of

Acacias Known to Contain Psychoactive Alkaloids

Acacia acuminata	Up to 1. Description Acacia acuminata, commonly known as raspberry jam or fine leaf jam, is a shrub in the family Fabaceae 5% alkaloids, mainly consisting of tryptamine in leaf[18]
Acacia adunca	β-methyl-phenethylamine, 2. Tryptamine is a Monoamine Alkaloid found in Plants and Animals. Beta-methyl-phenethylamine is a drug related to Amphetamine. The chemical is also known under the name diamondina. 4% in leaves[19]
Acacia alpina	Active principles in leaf[20]
Acacia aneura	Ash used in Pituri. Acacia alpina ( Alpine Wattle) is an evergreen shrub 1 m to 2 m high and about 10 m wide Acacia aneura, commonly known as Mulga or True Mulga, is a shrub or small tree native to arid Outback Australia. The orchid genus described by Karsten as Duboisia is now included in Myoxanthus. [21] Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass. [22] Not known if psychoactive per se.
Acacia angustissima	β-methyl-phenethylamine[23], NMT and DMT in leaf (1. Acacia angustissima ( Prairie acacia, White ball acacia) is a perennial deciduous Shrub or Tree in the Fabaceae family 1-10. 2 ppm)[24]
Acacia aroma	Tryptamine alkaloids. Acacia aroma is a small perennial thorny tree native to Bolivia, Peru, Argentina and Paraguay. [25] Significant amount of tryptamine in the seeds. [26]
Acacia auriculiformis	5-MeO-DMT in stem bark[27]
Acacia baileyana	0. Acacia auriculiformis, commonly known as Auri, Earleaf acacia, Earpod wattle, Northern black wattle, Papuan wattle The Cootamundra Wattle is a Shrub or Tree in the Family Fabaceae. 02% tryptamine and β-carbolines, in the leaf, Tetrahydroharman[20][28][29]
Acacia beauverdiana	Psychoactive[30] Ash used in Pituri. β- Carboline (9 H - pyrido[,4- b ] Indole) is an organic Amine that is the prototype of a class of compounds known Tetrahydroharman(e, also known as 1-methyl-1234-tetrahydro-β-carboline is a general name for one of two isomers (1S-1-methyl-2349-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[34-b]indole Acacia beauverdiana is a perennial tree 1 m to 8 m tall with multiple stems The orchid genus described by Karsten as Duboisia is now included in Myoxanthus. [21]
Acacia berlandieri	DMT, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine[31]
Acacia catechu	DMT[32] and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
Acacia caven	Tryptamines
Acacia chundra	DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
Acacia colei	DMT[33]
Acacia complanata	0. Acacia berlandieri ( Berlandier Acacia, Guajillo Acacia, guajillo, huajillo) is a Shrub native to the Southwestern Amphetamine, and related drugs such as Methamphetamine are a group of drugs that act by increasing levels of Norepinephrine, Serotonin, and Dopamine Mescaline or 345-trimethoxyphenethylamine is a naturally-occurring Psychedelic Alkaloid of the Phenethylamine class Nicotine is an Alkaloid found in the Nightshade family of plants ( Solanaceae) which constitutes approximately 0 Acacia catechu is a deciduous thorny tree which grows up to 15m in height Acacia caven ( Roman Cassie, Aromita, Aromo Criollo, Caven, Churque, Churqui, Espinillo, Acacia chundra is a perennial deciduous tree found in Asia, India and in the Indian Ocean area Acacia colei is a perennial bush or Tree native to Australia and southern Asia. Acacia complanata, generally known as Long-pod Wattle and Flat-stemmed Wattle, is a perennial tree native to Australia. 3% alkaloids in leaf and stem, almost all N-methyl-tetrahydroharman, with traces of tetrahydroharman, some of tryptamine[34][35][36]
Acacia concinna	Nicotine[37]
Acacia confusa	DMT & NMT in leaf, stem & bark 0. Tetrahydroharman(e, also known as 1-methyl-1234-tetrahydro-β-carboline is a general name for one of two isomers (1S-1-methyl-2349-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[34-b]indole Acacia concinna is a tree native to Asia. The tree is food for the Larvae of the Butterfly Pantoporia hordonia. Acacia confusa is a perennial tree native to Asia. Some common names for it are Acacia Petit Feuille, Mimosa, Small Philippine Acacia 04% NMT and 0. 02% DMT in stem. [20] Also N,N-dimethyltryptamine N-oxide[38]
Acacia constricta	β-methyl-phenethylamine[23]
Acacia coriacea	Ash used in Pituri. An amine oxide, also known as amine- N -oxide and N -oxide, is a Chemical compound that contains the Functional group R3N+-O&minus Acacia constricta, often known as the whitethorn acacia, is an Acacia Shrub native to Mexico and the southwestern Acacia coriacea, commonly known as river jam, wirewood, wiry wattle, desert oak, or dogwood, is a Tree The orchid genus described by Karsten as Duboisia is now included in Myoxanthus. [39][21] Not known if psychoactive.
Acacia cornigera	Psychoactive,[39] Tryptamines[10]
Acacia cultriformis	Tryptamine, in the leaf, stem[20] and seeds. Acacia cornigera, commonly known as Bullhorn Acacia ( family Fabaceae) is a swollen-thorn Acacia native to Mexico The Knife-leaf Wattle ( Acacia cultriformis) also known as the Dogtooth Wattle, Half-moon Wattle or Golden-glow Wattle, is a perennial [26] Phenethylamine in leaf and seeds[26]
Acacia cuthbertsonii	Psychoactive[30]
Acacia delibrata	Psychoactive[30]
Acacia falcata	Psychoactive,[30] but less than 0. Acacia cuthbertsonii is a perennial shrub or tree native to Australia. Acacia delibrata is a perennial tree native to Western Australia. Acacia falcata is a perennial Shrub or Tree found in Asia, Australia and New Zealand. 02% alkaloids[29]
Acacia farnesiana	Traces of 5-MeO-DMT[40] in fruit. Acacia farnesiana, commonly known as Needle Bush, is so named because of the numerous thorns distributed along its branches β-methyl-phenethylamine, flower. [41] Ether extracts about 2-6% of the dried leaf mass. [22] Alkaloids are present in the bark[42] and leaves. [43] Amphetamines and mescaline also found in tree. [10]
Acacia filiciana	Added to Pulque, but not known if psychoactive[39]
Acacia floribunda	Tryptamine, phenethylamine,[44] in flowers[26] other tryptamines,[45] phenethylamines[46]
Acacia greggii	N-methyl-β-phenethylamine,[23] phenethylamine[2]
Acacia harpophylla	Phenethylamine, hordenine at a ratio of 2:3 in dried leaves, 0. Acacia filiciana is a small tree native to Mexico. Its roots provide a potentially psychoactive addition to Pulque, a fermented drink derived from Acacia floribunda is a perennial evergreen shrub or tree native to Australia and Asia. Acacia greggii is a species of Acacia native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, from the extreme south of Methylphenethylamine is a Phenethylamine found in some Acacia trees Phenethylamine, or β -phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine is an Alkaloid and Monoamine. Acacia harpophylla, commonly known as the Brigalow, Brigalow Spearwood or Orkor is an endemic tree of Australia. Phenethylamine, or β -phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine is an Alkaloid and Monoamine. Hordenine (N N-Dimethyl-hydroxyphenylethylamine is a Phenylethylamine Alkaloid with antibacterial and Antibiotic properties 6% total[19]
Acacia holoserica	Hordenine, 1. Hordenine (N N-Dimethyl-hydroxyphenylethylamine is a Phenylethylamine Alkaloid with antibacterial and Antibiotic properties 2% in bark[19]
Acacia horrida	Psychoactive[39]
Acacia implexa	Psychoactive[47]
Acacia jurema	DMT, NMT
Acacia karroo	Psychoactive
Acacia kempeana	Used in Pituri, but not known if psychoactive. Acacia horrida is a low spreading shrub or sometimes Tree native to both the wet and dry Scrublands of tropical to subtropical East Africa Acacia implexa is an Australian Acacia, used for furniture making Acacia jurema ( Jurema-common) is a tree native to Brazil. Its name comes from a city in Brazil called Jurema and it may sometimes be used in Acacia karroo also known as the Sweet Thorn, is a species of Acacia, native to southern Africa from southern Angola Acacia kempeana, commonly known as wanderrie wattle, witchetty bush or granite wattle, is a Shrub in the family [39]
Acacia kettlewelliae	1. 5[19]-1. 88%[48] alkaloids, 92% consisting of phenylethylamine. Phenethylamine, or β -phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine is an Alkaloid and Monoamine. [19] 0. 9% N-methyl-2- phenylethylamine found a different time. [19]
Acacia laeta	DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia lingulata	Used in Pituri, but not known if psychoactive. Acacia laeta is a perennial shrub or tree growing to a height of 4-10m [39]
Acacia longifolia	0. Acacia longifolia is a species of Acacia native to southeastern Australia, from the extreme southeast of Queensland, eastern 2% tryptamine in bark, leaves, some in flowers, phenylethylamine in flowers,[44] 0. 2% DMT in plant. [49] Histamine alkaloids. [29]
Acacia longifolia var. sophorae	Tryptamine in leaves, bark[26]
Acacia macradenia	Tryptamine[26]
Acacia maidenii	0. Acacia maidenii, also known as Maiden's Wattle, is a tree native to Australia (New South Wales Queensland and Victoria 6% NMT and DMT in about a 2:3 ratio in the stem bark, both present in leaves[20]
Acacia mangium	Psychoactive[39]
Acacia melanoxylon	DMT, in the bark and leaf,[50] but less than 0. Acacia mangium is a perennial tree native to Australia and Asia. The Australian Blackwood ( Acacia melanoxylon) is an Acacia Species native in eastern Australia. 02% total alkaloids[29]
Acacia mellifera	DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia nilotica	DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia nilotica subsp. Acacia mellifera is a perennial tree which is not listed as being threatened Description Acacia nilotica subsp adstringens is a perennial tree adstringens	Psychoactive, DMT in the leaf
Acacia obtusifolia	Tryptamine,[45] DMT, NMT, other tryptamines,[51] 0. Description Acacia obtusifolia is an upright or spreading perennial Tree which grows from 1 4-0. 5% in dried bark, 0. 07% in branch tips. [52]
Acacia oerfota	Less than 0. Acacia oerfota is a perennial shrub or tree which is native to Africa, Asia and the Middle East. 1% DMT in leaf,[53][28] NMT
Acacia penninervis	Psychoactive[30]
Acacia phlebophylla	0. Acacia penninervis is a perennial shrub or tree 2-8m high which is native to Australia and New Zealand. Description Acacia phlebophylla, an Acacia also known by the names Buffalo Sallow Wattle and Mountain Buffalo Wattle, is a straggling 3% DMT in leaf, NMT[20]
Acacia podalyriaefolia	Tryptamine in the leaf,[20] 0. Acacia podalyriifolia is a perennial tree which is fast-growing and widely cultivated 5% to 2% DMT in fresh bark, phenethylamine, trace amounts[44]
Acacia polyacantha	DMT in leaf[20] and other tryptamines in leaf, bark
Acacia polyacantha ssp. campylacantha	Less than 0. Description Acacia polyacantha, also known as White Thorn is a flowering tree which can grow up to 25m tall Acacia polyacantha subsp campylacantha is a perennial tree native to Africa. Acacia polyacantha subsp campylacantha is a perennial tree native to Africa. 2% DMT in leaf, NMT; DMT and other tryptamines in leaf, bark[54]
Acacia prominens	Phenylethylamine, β-methyl-phenethylamine[44][19]
Acacia pruinocarpa	Ash used in Pituri. Acacia pruinocarpa, commonly known as black gidgee, gidgee or tawu, is a Tree in the family Fabaceae. The orchid genus described by Karsten as Duboisia is now included in Myoxanthus. [21][39] Not known if psychoactive.
Acacia pycnantha	Ash used in Pituri,[39] but less than 0. Golden Wattle ( Acacia pycnantha) is Australia 's Floral emblem. 02% total alkaloids. [29] Not known if psychoactive.
Acacia retinodes	DMT, NMT,[55] nicotine,[10] but less than 0. Acacia retinodes is a perennial tree which is widely distributed throughout the world 02% total alkaloids found[29]
Acacia rigidula	DMT, NMT, tryptamine, amphetamines, mescaline, nicotine and others[56]
Acacia roemeriana	β-methyl-phenethylamine[23]
Acacia salicina	Ash used in Pituri. Acacia rigidula is native to Mexico and the southern US ( Texas) and is closely related to Acacia berlandieri. Description Acacia salicina is a thornless species of Acacia tree native to Australia. The orchid genus described by Karsten as Duboisia is now included in Myoxanthus. [39][21] Not known if psychoactive.
Acacia sassa	Psychoactive[39]
Acacia schaffneri	β-methyl-phenethylamine, Phenethylamine[2] Amphetamines and mescaline also found. Acacia sassa grows in the forests of Senegal.Smoke from certain parts of it is known to be Psychoactive. Acacia schaffneri ( Twisted Acacia, Schaffner Acacia) is a tree native to Mexico and the United States ( Texas) Phenethylamine, or β -phenylethylamine or 2-phenylethylamine is an Alkaloid and Monoamine. [10]
Acacia schottii	β-methyl-phenethylamine[23]
Acacia senegal	Less than 0. la Acacia senegal is a small deciduous Acacia tree known by the common names Rudraksha, Gum Acacia, Gum Arabic Tree, or 1% DMT in leaf,[20] NMT, other tryptamines. DMT in plant,[41] DMT in bark. [26]
Acacia seyal	DMT, in the leaf. Red acacia ( Acacia seyal; also known as Shittim wood or Shittim tree) is a thorny 6-10 m (20-30 ft high tree with a greenish or reddish [20] Ether extracts about 1-7% of the dried leaf mass. [22]
Acacia sieberiana	DMT, in the leaf[20]
Acacia simplex	DMT and NMT, in the leaf, stem and trunk bark, 0. Acacia sieberiana is a perennial tree native to Africa and introduced into Pakistan. Acacia simplex is a perennial climbing tree native to islands in the western part of the Pacific Ocean as far east as Savai{{okina}}i. 81% DMT in bark, MMT[57][20]
Acacia taxensis	β-methyl-phenethylamine[23]
Acacia tortilis	DMT, NMT, and other tryptamines[51]
Acacia vestita	Tryptamine, in the leaf and stem,[20] but less than 0. Umbrella Thorn Acacia ( Acacia tortilis) also known as Umbrella Thorn and Israeli Babool, is a medium to large canopied tree native primarily to the Acacia vestita is a Shrub native to southwestern Australia. It grows to about 3m tall and 3m in Diameter. 02% total alkaloids[29]
Acacia victoriae	Tryptamines,[45] 5-MeO-alkyltryptamine[26]

List of acacia species having little or no alkaloids in the material sampled:^[29]

0% C 0. Description Acacia victoriae commonly known as Gundabluie or Bardi bush is a shrub or tree native to Australia. 02%, C. . . Concentration of Alkaloids [%]

• Acacia acinacea
• Acacia baileyana
• Acacia decurrens
• Acacia dealbata
• Acacia mearnsii
• Acacia drummondii
• Acacia elata
• Acacia falcata
• Acacia leprosa
• Acacia linearis
• Acacia melanoxylon
• Acacia pycnantha
• Acacia retinodes
• Acacia saligna
• Acacia stricta
• Acacia verticillata
• Acacia vestita

Cyanogenic glycosides

Nineteen different species of Acacia in the Americas contain cyanogenic glycosides, which, if exposed to an enzyme which specifically splits glycosides, can release hydrogen cyanide (HCN) in the acacia "leaves. Acacia acinacea is a plant The Cootamundra Wattle is a Shrub or Tree in the Family Fabaceae. Acacia decurrens ( Acacia bark, Early black wattle, Green wattle, Sydney wattle, Wattle bark) is a perennial tree or Acacia dealbata ( Silver Wattle) is a species of Acacia, native to southeastern Australia in New South Wales, Acacia mearnsii is a fast-growing leguminous tree native to Australia. Acacia drummondii ( Drummond's Wattle) is a perennial tree endemic to Western Australia. Acacia elata ( Cedar Wattle, Mountain Cedar Wattle) is a perennial tree Acacia falcata is a perennial Shrub or Tree found in Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Acacia leprosa, also known as Cinnamon Wattle, is an Acacia native to Australia Zapoteca portoricensis subsp portoricensis is a perennial tree The Australian Blackwood ( Acacia melanoxylon) is an Acacia Species native in eastern Australia. Golden Wattle ( Acacia pycnantha) is Australia 's Floral emblem. Acacia retinodes is a perennial tree which is widely distributed throughout the world Acacia saligna (Syn Acacia cyanophylla) commonly known by various names including coojong, golden wreath wattle, orange wattle Acacia stricta ( Hop Wattle, Straight Wattle) is a Perennial Tree. Acacia verticillata ( Prickly Moses; Prickly-leaved Wattle; Star-Leaved Acacia; Whorl-Leaved Acacia) is a Perennial Acacia vestita is a Shrub native to southwestern Australia. It grows to about 3m tall and 3m in Diameter. Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins Hydrogen cyanide is a Chemical compound with Chemical formula HCN "^[58] This sometimes results in the poisoning death of livestock. Livestock is the term used to refer (singularly or plurally to a Domesticated Animal intentionally reared in an agricultural setting to produce such as Food

If fresh plant material spontaneously produces 200 ppm or more HCN, then it is potentially toxic. This corresponds to about 7. 5 μmol HCN per gram of fresh plant material. It turns out that, if acacia "leaves" lack the specific glycoside-splitting enzyme, then they may be less toxic than otherwise, even those containing significant quantities of cyanic glycosides. ^[29]

Some Acacia species containing cyanogens:

• Acacia erioloba
• Acacia cunninghamii
• Acacia obtusifolia
• Acacia sieberiana
• Acacia sieberiana var. Acacia erioloba (formerly Acacia giraffae) is also commonly known as the Camel Thorn, Kameeldoring ( Afrikaans) Giraffe woodii^[59]

Species

There are over 1,300 species of Acacia. See List of Acacia species for a more complete listing. Several cladistic analyses have shown that the genus Acacia is not Monophyletic.

Famous acacia

Perhaps the most famous acacia is the Arbre du Ténéré in Niger. fr '''L'Arbre du Ténéré''' known in English as the Tree of Ténéré, was a solitary Acacia, of either Acacia raddiana or Niger ( or /ˈnaɪdʒɚ/) officially the Republic of Niger, is a Landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. The reason for the tree's fame is that it used to be the most isolated tree in the world, approximately 400 km from any other tree. The tree was knocked down by a truck driver in 1973.

Identification gallery

Flowers

Acacia aneura	Acacia catechu	Acacia baileyana	Acacia berlandieri
Acacia confusa	Acacia constricta, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA	Acacia covenyi	Acacia dealbata
Acacia denticulosa	Acacia drummodii	Acacia erioloba Sossusvlei, Namibia	Acacia fimbriata Australian National Botanic Gardens, Canberra
Acacia heterophylla	Acacia longifolia	Acacia melanoxylon Nazaré, Portugal	Acacia saligna Side, Turkey
Acacia schinoides Australian National Botanic Gardens	Acacia tetragonophylla Geelong Botanic Gardens, Victoria, Australia

Bark

Acacia aneura Bark	Acacia auriculiformis Bark	Acacia berlandieri Bark	Acacia collinsii Bark
Acacia confusa Bark, Hawaii, USA	Acacia dealbata	Acacia decurrens	Acacia erioloba
Acacia estrophiolata Bark	Acacia greggii Bark	Acacia heterophylla Bark

Foliage

Acacia catechu	Acacia collinsii Foliage	Acacia concinna Foliage	Acacia denticulosa Foliage
Acacia karroo Foliage	Acacia leprosa Foliage

Seed pods

Acacia aneura	Acacia catechu	Acacia confusa	Acacia constricta
Acacia dealbata	Acacia heterophylla	Acacia melanoxylon

Seeds

Acacia baileyana	Acacia berlandieri	Acacia confusa	Acacia constricta
Acacia cyclops	Acacia dealbata	Acacia decurrens	Acacia farnesiana
Acacia greggii	Acacia longifolia	Acacia mearnsii	Acacia melanoxylon
Acacia pycnantha	Acacia rigidula	Acacia tortuosa

Thorns

Acacia catechu	Acacia collinsii	Acacia cornigera	Acacia horrida
Acacia farnesiana var. farnesiana

Tree

Acacia aneura	Acacia berlandieri	Acacia confusa	Acacia constricta
Acacia dealbata	Acacia heterophylla	Acacia koa	Acacia leprosa

Wood

Acacia koa

Acacia heterophylla

Acacia schaffneri

See also

• List of Acacia species
• Plant defense against herbivory
• Psychedelic plants

Notes

General references

• Clement, B. A. , Goff, C. M. , Forbes, T. D. A. Toxic Amines and Alkaloids from Acacia rigidula, Phytochem. 1998, 49(5), 1377.
• Shulgin, Alexander and Ann, TiHKAL the Continuation. TiHKAL is a 1997 book written by Alexander Shulgin and Ann Shulgin about a family of Psychoactive drugs known as Tryptamines A sequel Transform Press, 1997. ISBN 0-9630096-9-9

External links

• World Wide Wattle
• Acacia-world
• Wayne's Word on "The Unforgettable Acacias"
• The genus Acacia and Entheogenic Tryptamines, with reference to Australian and related species, by mulga
• A description of Acacia from Pomet's 1709 reference book, History of Druggs
• www.serendipity.com
• Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases
• Flora identification tools from the State Herbarium of South Australia
• Tannins in Some Interrelated Wattles
• List of Acacia Species in the U.S.
• FAO Timber Properties of Various Acacia Species
• FAO Comparison of Various Acacia Species as Forage
• Long-term effects of roller chopping on antiherbivore defenses in three shrub species, Jason R. Schindlera, Timothy E. Fulbright
• Vet. Path. ResultsAFIP Wednesday Slide Conference - No. 21 February 24, 1999
• Acacia cyanophylla lindl as supplementary feed/for small stock in Libya
• Description of Acacia Morphology
• Nitrogen Fixaton in Acacias
• Acacias with Cyagenic Compounds
• Acacia Alarm System

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