Citizendia

Muslim Jurist
Islamic Golden Age
Name
Imaam Al-azam Abu Hanifa
Birth699
Death767
School/traditionHanafi
Main interestsIslamic Jurisprudence
Notable ideasEvolution of Islamic Jurisprudence
Influenced byQatada ibn al-Nu'man,[1] Alqama ibn Qays,[2]
InfluencedIslamic Jurisprudence, Muhammad ibn al-Hasan, Abu Yusuf

Al-Imam al-A'zam (Arabic: الامام الاعظم‎) "The Greatest Imam" Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Mahan (Arabic: النعمان بن ثابت‎‎), better known by his kunya as Abū Ḥanīfah, (Arabic: أبو حنيفة‎‎) (699 — 767 CE / 80 — 148 AH) was the founder of the Sunni Hanafi school of Islamic jurisprudence. The Hanafi ( Arabic حنفي school is the oldest of the four schools of thought ( Madhhabs Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Qatada ibn al-Nu'man ( قتدة بن النعمان) was one of the Sahaba of Muhammad and a Ansar. Alqama ibn Qays al-Nakha'i (d) was a well-known scholar from among the Taba'een and pupil of Abd-Allah ibn Mas'ud, who called him the most erudite of Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the Yaqub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari better known as Abu Yusuf (أبو يوسف (d Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A kunya ( كنية) is an Honorific widely used in place of Given names through the Arab world. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The Hanafi ( Arabic حنفي school is the oldest of the four schools of thought ( Madhhabs Madhhab or Mazhab ( Arabic مذهب mæðhæb pl مذاهب mæðæːhıb) is an Islamic school of thought, or Fiqh ( Arabic: فقه, fɪqəh is Islamic Jurisprudence. Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic law—based directly on the

Abu Hanifa was also one of the Tabi'een, the generation after the Sahaba, because he saw the Sahabi Anas ibn Malik, and transmitted hadiths from him and other Sahaba. The Tābi‘īn ( "Followers" are the generation of Muslims who were born after the death of Muhammad but who were contemporary of the Sahaba In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (الصحابة "Companions" were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic [3]

Contents

Name, Birth and Ancestry

Abu Hanifa (699 — 767 CE / 80 — 148 AH) was born in Kufa, Iraq during the reign of the powerful Umayyad caliph Abdul Malik bin Marwan. Kufa ( Arabic, ar الكوفة) is a city in modern Iraq, about 170 km south of Baghdad, and 10 km northeast of Najaf. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan (646-705 (عبد الملك بن مروان was the 5th Umayyad Caliph. Acclaimed as Al-Imam al-A'zam, or Al-A'dham (the Great Imam), Nu’man bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Mah was better known by his kunya Abu Hanifa. Kunya can refer to Kunya (Arabic an honorific in Arabic names Kunya Urgench, a town in Turkmenistan Kunya River It was not a true kunya, as he did not have a son called Hanifa, but an epithetical one meaning pure in monotheistic belief. His father, Thabit bin Zuta, a trader from Kabul, part of Khorasan in Persia (the capital of modern day Afghanistan), was 40 years old at the time of Abu Hanifa's birth. } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with Greater Khorasan (خراسان بزرگ (also written Khorasaan, Khurasan and Khurasaan) is a modern term for eastern territories of ancient Persia The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت,

His ancestry is generally accepted as being of non-Arab origin as suggested by the etymology of then names of his grandfather (Zuta) and great-grandfather (Mah). The historian, Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi, records a statement from Abu Hanifa's grandson, Ismail bin Hammad, who gave Abu Hanifa's lineage as Thabit bin Numan bin Marzban and claiming to be of Persian origin. Al-Khatib al-Baghdadi (1002-1071 CE ( 392 AH - 463 AH) ( الخطيب البغدادي) was a Sunni Muslim Scholar The discrepancy in the names, as given by Ismail of Abu Hanifa's grandfather and great-grandfather are thought to be due to Zuta's adoption of a muslim name (Numan) upon his acceptance of Islam and that Mah and Marzban were titles or official designations in Persia. Further differences of opinion exist on his ancestry. Abu Muti, for example, describes Abu Hanifa as an Arab citing his ancestry as Numan bin Thabit bin Zuta bin Yahya bin Zaid bin Asad. The widely accepted opinion, however, is that he was of Persian ancestry.

Status as a Tabi'i

Abu Hanifa was born 67 years after the departure of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad, but during the time of the companions of Muhammad, some of whom lived on until Abu Hanifa's youth. The Tābi‘īn ( "Followers" are the generation of Muslims who were born after the death of Muhammad but who were contemporary of the Sahaba Muslims regard as Prophets of Islam ( Arabic: نبي) those non-divine humans chosen by Allah as Prophets IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics In Islam, the Ṣaḥābah (الصحابة "Companions" were the companions of the Islamic prophet Muḥammad. Anas bin Malik, Muhammad's personal attendant, died in 93AH and another companion, Abul Tufail Amir bin Wathilah, died in 100 AH, when Abu Hanifa was 20 years old. No evidence exists, however, to indicate Abu Hanifa had narrated any hadith from the companions although there is no doubt that he was a "tabi'i" (one who had met a companion of Muhammad) and had met Anas bin Malik. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic

It is perceived this is due to the strict age requirements for learning the discipline of hadith that existed at the time in Kufa where no one below the age of 20 was admitted to a hadith school. The scholars of the time felt anyone below this age would not have attained the maturity required to be able to understand the meaning of the narrations.

Another research of present time, taking all sources of Sunni and Shia, Abu Hanifa had narrated 12 ahadith from the companions. Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic Ref Al Minhaj Us Sawwee by Dr Tahir Ul Qadri, an emminent Scholar of present time in Hanafi School of thought. This published research is verified by all known scholars of Al-Azhar University. Al-Azhar University (pronounced "az-HAR" الأزهر الشريف, "the Noble Azhar" in Egypt, founded in 975 is the chief centre of

According to Imam Bukhari, 3 year of age is accepted to be valid for listening Hadith and narrated after unless the person is not authority in Hadith afterwards.

Early Life and Education

Abu Hanifa grew up in a period of oppression during the caliphates of Abdul Malik bin Marwan and his son Walid bin Abdul Malik. The governorship of Iraq was under the control of Al-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf, a loyal follower of Abdul Malik. Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ( Arabic: الحجاج بن يوسف, also known as Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ath-Thaqafī) born in early June 661 in aţ-Ţā’if During his governorship leaders in religion and learning were especially targeted by Hajjaj as they were proving to be an obstacle to Abdul Malik's establishment of his rule across Arabia and Iraq. Consequently, Abu Hanifa had no interest nor the opportunity to acquire any education in his early childhood. He was simply content with following in the footsteps of his ancestors as a businessman.

He set up a silk weaving business where he showed scrupulous honesty and fairness. Once his agent in another country, sold some silk cloth on his behalf but forgot to point out a slight defect to the purchasers. When Abu Hanifa learned this, he was greatly distressed as he had no means of refunding their money. He immediately ordered the entire proceeds of the sale of the consignment of silk to be distributed to the poor.

Following the deaths of Hajjaj in 95 AH and Walid in 96 AH, justice and good administration began to make a comeback with the caliphates of Sulaiman bin Abdul Malik and thereafter Umar bin Abdul Aziz. Sulayman bin Abd al-Malik (c 674 - 717 ( Arabic: سليمان بن عبد الملك was an Umayyad Caliph who ruled from 715 until 717 Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz (c 682 - February 720 (عمر بن عبد العزيز was an Umayyad Caliph who ruled from 717 to 720 Umar encouraged education to such an extent that every home became a madrassah. "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. Abu Hanifa also began to take an interest in education which was heightened further by the unexpected advice of as-Sha'bi (d. 722), one of Kufa's most well-known scholars.

While running an errand for his mother, he happened to pass the home of as-Sha'bi. Sha'bi, mistaking him for a student, asked him whose classes he attended. When Abu Hanifa responded that he did not attend any classes, Sha'bi said, "I see signs of intelligence in you. You should sit in the company of learned men. " Taking Sha'bi's advice, Abu Hanifa embarked on a prolific quest for knowledge that would in due course have a profound impact on the history of Islam. His early education was achieved through madrassahs and it is here that he learned the Qur'an and Hadith, doing exceptionally well in his studies. "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic He spent a great deal of time in the tutelage of Hammad, a great jurist of Kufah.

Adulthood

Abu Hanifa Mosque
Abu Hanifa Mosque

In 763, al-Mansur, the Abbasid monarch offered Abu Hanifa the post of Chief Judge of the State, but he declined to accept the offer, choosing to remain independent. The Abu Hanifah Mosque ( Arabic: مسجد أبو حنيفة masjid abū ḥanīfah or مسجد أبي حنيفة masjid abī ḥanīfah) is one of the Al-Mansur Almanzor or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (712&ndash775 Arabic: ابو جعفر عبدالله ابن محمد المنصور was the second His student Abu Yusuf was appointed Qadi Al-Qadat (Chief Judge of the State) of al-Mansur regime instead of himself. Yaqub ibn Ibrahim al-Ansari better known as Abu Yusuf (أبو يوسف (d Al-Mansur Almanzor or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur (712&ndash775 Arabic: ابو جعفر عبدالله ابن محمد المنصور was the second

In his reply to al-Mansur, Abu Hanifa excused himself by saying that he did not regard himself fit for the post. Al-Mansur, who had his own ideas and reasons for offering the post, lost his temper and accused Abu Hanifa of lying.

"If I am lying," Abu Hanifa said, "then my statement is doubly correct. How can you appoint a liar to the exalted post of a Chief Qadi (Judge)?"

Incensed by this reply, the ruler had Abu Hanifa arrested and locked in prison and tortured. Ya'qubi, vol. Ahmad ibn Abu Ya'qub ibn Ja'far ibn Wahb Ibn Wadih al-Ya'qubi (? – 897 known as Ya'qubi, was a Muslim historian and Geographer lll, p. 86; Muruj al-dhahab, vol. lll, p. 268-270. Even there, the indomitable jurist continued to teach those who were permitted to come to him.

In 767, Abu Hanifa died in prison. It was said that so many people attended his funeral that the funeral service was repeated six times for more than 50,000 people who had amassed before he was actually buried.

Some of Abu Hanifa's Literary Works

See also

Fatwas:

External links and References

  1. ^ Imaam Abu Hanifa (R.A.), Biography of One of The Four Great Imaams- I
  2. ^ The Conclusive Argument from God:Shah Wali Allah of Delhi's Hujjat Allah Al-baligha, pg 425
  3. ^ Imam-ul-A’zam Abu Hanifa, The Theologian
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