| White Fir | ||||||||||||||
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 Sierra Nevada White Fir
in Yosemite National Park |
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| Scientific classification | ||||||||||||||
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| Binomial name | ||||||||||||||
| Abies concolor (Gordon) Lindley ex Hildebrand |
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 Range
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White Fir (Abies concolor) is a fir native to the mountains of western North America, occurring at altitudes of 900-3,400 m. George Gordon (1801-1893 was a British Botanist, also partaking in the study of Geology and Naturalism. John Lindley ( February 8, 1799 - November 1, 1865) was an English Botanist. Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak It is a medium to large evergreen coniferous tree growing to 25-60 m tall and with a trunk diameter of up to 2 m. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or
The leaves are needle-like, flattened, 2. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. 5-6 cm long and 2 mm wide by 0. 5-1 mm thick, green to glaucous blue-green above, and with two glaucous blue-white bands of stomata below, and slightly notched to bluntly pointed at the tip. In Botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore found mostly on the underside of a Plant Leaf The leaf arrangement is spiral on the shoot, but with each leaf variably twisted at the base so they all lie in either two more-or-less flat ranks on either side of the shoot, or upswept across the top of the shoot but not below the shoot. The cones are 6-12 cm long and 4-4. A cone (in formal botanical usage Strobilus, plural strobili is an organ on Plants in the division Pinophyta ( Conifers 5 cm broad, green or purple ripening pale brown, with about 100-150 scales; the scale bracts are short, and hidden in the closed cone. The winged seeds are released when the cones disintegrate at maturity about 6 months after pollination. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored
As treated here, there are two subspecies; these are also variously treated at either the lower rank of variety by some authors, or as distinct species by others:
- Abies concolor subsp. In Zoology, as in other branches of Biology, subspecies is the Taxonomic rank immediately subordinate to a Species. In Botanical nomenclature or biological nomenclature variety is a low-level Taxonomic rank below that of species and signifies members of different populations can In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. concolor. Colorado White Fir or Rocky Mountains White Fir. In the United States, at altitudes of 1700-3400 m in the Rocky Mountains from southern Idaho south through Utah and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona, and on the higher Great Basin mountains of Nevada and extreme southeastern California, and a short distance into northern Sonora, Mexico. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Mountain peaks of the Rocky Mountains The Rocky Mountains, often called the Rockies, are a Mountain range in western North America. The State of Idaho ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States of America. The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States. The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America. The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The Great Basin is a large arid region of the western United States. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Sonora is one of the 31 federal states of Mexico and is located in the northwest of the country The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A smaller tree to 25-35 m tall, rarely 45 m. Foliage strongly upcurved to erect on all except weak shaded shoots in the lower crown; leaves mostly 3. 5-6 cm, and strongly glaucous on the upper side with numerous stomata. Tolerates winter temperatures down to about -40°C. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature
- Abies concolor subsp. lowiana. Low's White Fir or Sierra Nevada White Fir. In the United States, at altitudes of 900-2700 m from the Cascades of central Oregon south through California (Klamath Mountains, Sierra Nevada) to northern Baja California, Mexico. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. Rogue River Oregon USAjpg|thumb|250px|Rogue River Gorge Oregon]]The Klamath Mountains, sometimes called the Salmon Mountains, are a rugged lightly populated Mountain range The Sierra Nevada ( Spanish for "Snowy Range" is a Mountain range located in the U Baja California (pronounced ˈbɑːhɑː kælɨˈfɔrnjə in English is the northernmost state of Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. A larger tree to 40-60 m tall. Foliage flattened on lower crown shoots, the leaves often raised above the shoot on upper crown shoots but not often strongly upcurved; leaves mostly 2. 5-5 cm, and only weakly glaucous on the upper side with few or no stomata. Tolerates winter temperatures down to about -30°C.
White Fir is very closely related to Grand Fir (Abies grandis), with subspecies lowiana being particularly similar to the interior variety of Grand Fir A. Grand Fir or Giant Fir ( Abies grandis) is a Fir native to the Pacific Northwest of North America, occurring at altitudes of sea grandis var. idahoensis, intergrading with it where they meet in the Cascades of central Oregon. To the south in Mexico, it is replaced by further close relatives, Durango Fir (A. durangensis) and Mexican Fir (A. mexicana).
White fir, being shade tolerant, is a climax species in forest succession in the Sierra Nevada, and in the presence of modern human controls against forest fires, it has flourished over the past two centuries. The Sierra Nevada ( Spanish for "Snowy Range" is a Mountain range located in the U In some ways, it is a pest, as it drives out trees of greater stature (such as the sugar pine and incense cedar), has weaker, knottier wood than its competitors, and retains its lower limbs. The Sugar Pine ( Pinus lambertiana; family Pinaceae) is a species of Pine that occurs in the mountains of Oregon and California Calocedrus is a genus of two to three species of Coniferous Trees in the cypress family Cupressaceae; the common name is Incense-cedar This latter trait, in addition to obstructing views, creates a fire hazard that allows flames to reach up to the canopy, threatening giant sequoias that would escape smaller forest fires with minimal damage. Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Giant Sequoia, Sierra Redwood, or Wellingtonia) is the sole species in the genus Sequoiadendron [1]
Uses
White Fir is widely planted as an ornamental tree in large parks, particularly some cultivars of subsp. A cultivar is a cultivated Plant that has been selected and given a unique name because of its decorative or useful characteristics it is usually distinct from similar concolor selected for very bright glaucous blue foliage, such as cv. 'Violacea'. Some consider the foliage to have an attractive scent, and thus is sometimes used for Christmas decoration, including Christmas trees. A Christmas tree, Yule tree, holiday tree or Tannenbaum (fir tree is one of the most popular Traditions associated with the celebration White Fir wood is soft, knotty and not very strong nor very resistant to parasites; it is used in small amounts for paper making, packing crates and other cheap construction work. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging
 A. concolor subsp. lowiana foliage upperside |
 A. concolor subsp. lowiana foliage underside |
 A young sapling of subsp. lowiana on Mount Whitney |
 White fir in garden environment at Minnesota Landscape Arboretum |
References
- Conifer Specialist Group (1998). Mount Whitney is the highest summit in the Contiguous United States with an elevation of. The Minnesota Landscape Arboretum is a horticultural garden and Arboretum located about west of Chanhassen Minnesota at 3675 Arboretum Drive Abies concolor. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data List) created in 1963 is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 12 May 2006.
External links
- Gymnosperm Database Abies concolor (treated as varieties of one species).
- Flora of North America Abies concolor and Abies lowiana (treated as two species).
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