Abdul Rahman Hassan Azzam (Arabic: عبد الرحمن حسن عزام) (1893 - 1976) was an Egyptian diplomat, with family origins in Egypt He served as the first secretary-general of the Arab League between 1945 and 1952. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. See also General Secretary. A number of International organizations, Communist parties and other bodies use the title Secretary The Arab League ( الجامعة العربية) officially called the League of Arab States ( جامعة الدول العربية
Azzam also had a long career as an ambassador and parliamentarian. An ambassador is the highest ranking Diplomat who represents their country A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. He was an Egyptian nationalist and one of the foremost proponents of pan-Arab idealism – viewpoints he did not see as contradictory - and was passionately opposed to the partition of Palestine. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River.
One of Azzam's first acts as secretary-general was to condemn anti-Jewish rioting in Egypt of November 2-3, 1945 during which Jewish and other non-Muslim owned shops were destroyed and the Ashkenazi synagogue in Cairo's Muski quarter was set aflame. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Ashkenazi Jews, also known as Ashkenazic Jews or Ashkenazim ( Hebrew: אַשְׁכֲּנָזִים, ˌaʃkəˈnazim sing Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt.
On March 2, 1946, in an address to The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry into the Problems of European Jewry and Palestine, Azzam explained the Arab League’s attitude towards the Palestinian question and refuted the Zionist claim to Palestine:
| “ | Our brother has gone to Europe and to the West [and] come back a Russified Jew, a Polish Jew, a German Jew, an English Jew. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good History of Zionism|Timeline of Zionism|World Zionist Organization|Zionist political violence Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported the He has come back with a totally different conception of things. Western and not Eastern… but Jew old cousin, coming back with imperialistic ideas, with reactionary or revolutionary ideas… he is not the old cousin and we do not extend to him a very good welcome. | ” |
On May 11, 1948 Azzam warned the Egyptian government that owing to public pressure and strategic issues it would be difficult for Arab leaders to avoid intervention in the Palestine War, and that Egypt could find itself isolated if it did not act in concert with its neighbors. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Azzam believed that King Abdullah of Jordan had decided to move his forces into Palestine on 15 May regardless of what the other Arabs did and would occupy the Arab part of Palestine whilst blaming other Arab states for failure. Abdullah I bin al-Hussein King of Jordan (1882 – July 20 1951 was born in Mecca, Ottoman Empire, (in modern-day Saudi Arabia) as ( Arabic King Farouk of Egypt resolved to contain Abdullah and prevent him from gaining further influence and power in the Arab arena. Farouk I of Egypt ( Arabic: فاروق الأول Fārūq al-Awwal) (February 11 1920 &ndash March 18 1965 was the tenth ruler from the Muhammad
One day after the State of Israel declared itself as an independent nation (May 14, 1948), Lebanese, Syrian, Iraqi, Egyptian, and Transjordanian troops, supported by Saudi and Yemenite troops, attacked the nascent Jewish state, triggering the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Israeli Declaration of Independence (הכרזת העצמאות Hakhrazat HaAtzma'ut or מגילת העצמאות Megilat HaAtzma'ut) made on 14 May Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya On that day, Azzam Pasha announced:
| “ | This will be a war of extermination and a momentous massacre which will be spoken of like the Mongolian massacres and the Crusades". | ” |
Vincent Sheean points out in his introduction to the book The Eternal Message of Muhammad, (published by Azzam in Arabic in 1938 under the title The Hero of Heroes or the most Prominent Attribute of the Prophet Muhammad), "In Damascus as well as in Djakarta, Istanbul and Baghdad, this man is known for valour of spirit and elevation of mind. Vincent Sheean ( 5 December 1899, Pana Illinois - 16 March, 1975, Arolo, Italy) born James Vincent Sheean Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous . . he combines in the best Islamic mode, the aspects of thought and action, like the Muslim warriors of another time who are typified for us Westerners by the figure of Saladin. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Salahadin Ayyubi ( Arabic:صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب Kurdish: سهلاحهدین ئهیوبی Selah'edînê Eyubî; c " In the book Azzam extols the Prophet’s virtues of bravery, love, the ability to forgive, and eloquence in pursuit of the diplomatic resolution of conflict and argues that Islam is incompatible with racism or fanatical attachment to "tribe, nation, color, language, or culture".
Malcolm X’s reading of The Eternal Message of Muhammad and his meeting with Azzam Pasha are vividly recounted in his autobiography. Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19 1925 February 21 1965 also known as El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz, was an African American These events marked the point in his life at which Malcolm X turned towards orthodox traditional Islam.
Notes
- ^ Nisan, 2002
- ^ Louis, 1986
- ^ Beinin, 1998, pp. 64-65
- ^ quoted in Louis, 1986, pp. 145-146
- ^ Gerges, 2001, pp. 154-155
- ^ Benny Morris, Righteous Victims, p. 219, also Sachar, 1979, p. 333
- ^ Torstrick, 2000, pp. 55-56
- ^ Rippin, 2000, pp. 197-198
References
- Beinin, J. (1998). Joel Beinin is a professor of Middle East History on extended leave from Stanford University, where he taught from 1983-2006 The Dispersion Of Egyptian Jewry. Culture, Politics, And The Formation Of A Modern Diaspora. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-21175-8
- Gerges, F. A. (2001). Egypt and the 1948 War: Internal conflict and regional ambition. In E. L. Rogan, A. Shlaim, C. Tripp, J. A. Clancy-Smith, I. Gershoni, R. Owen, Y. Sayigh & J. E. Tucker (Eds. ), The War for Palestine: Rewriting the History of 1948 (pp. 151-177). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79476-5
- Louis, W. R. (1986). British Empire in the Middle East, 1945-1951: Arab Nationalism, the United States, and Postwar Imperialism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-822960-7
- Morris, B. (2003). Benny Morris (born 1948 is an Israeli historian identified with the New Historians school a group of Historians who dispute the traditional Israeli The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-81120-1
- Nachmani, A. (1988). Great Power Discord in Palestine: The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry into the Problems of European Jewry and Palestine, 1945-1946. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-7146-3298-8
- Nisan, M. (2002). Minorities in the Middle East: A History of Struggle and Self-Expression. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0-7864-1375-1
- Rippin, A. (2000). Muslims: Their Religious Beliefs and Practices. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-21782-2
- Torstrick, R. L. (2000). The Limits of Coexistence: Identity Politics in Israel. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-11124-8
- Morris, Benny (2001). Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001. Vintage. ISBN 0-679-74475-4
- Sachar, Howard M. (1979). A History of Israel, New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-76563-8
External links
| Preceded by (none) |
Secretary-General of the Arab League 1945–1952 |
Succeeded by Abdul Khlek Hassouna |
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