| Abdou Diouf | |
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| In office January 1, 1981 – April 1, 2000 |
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| Preceded by | Léopold Sédar Senghor |
| Succeeded by | Abdoulaye Wade |
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| Born | September 7, 1935 Louga, Senegal |
| Political party | Socialist Party of Senegal |
| Religion | Sunni Muslim (Maliki-Ash'ari, Tijani) |
Abdou Diouf (Wolof: Abdu Juuf) (born September 7, 1935[1]) was the second President of Senegal, serving from 1981 to 2000. Elections Presidents of Senegal 1960-present Léopold Sédar Senghor: 6 September 1960 - 31 December 1980 New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Sir Léopold Sédar Senghor ( 9 October 1906 20 December 2001) was a Senegalese Poet, politician and cultural theorist who Abdoulaye Wade (born May 29 1926 is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000 Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Louga is a town in northwestern Senegal. Louga is a cattle market centre and has road and rail links with the port city of Saint-Louis to the northwest and Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. The Socialist Party of Senegal ( Parti Socialiste du Sénégal, PS is a Political party in Senegal. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic The Maliki Madhhab ( Arabic مالكي) is one of the four schools of Fiqh or religious law within Sunni Islam The Ash'ari theology ( Arabic الأشاعرة al-asha`irah) is a school of early Muslim speculative theology founded by the theologian Abu al-Hasan The Tijāniyyah ( Arabic: الطريقة التجانية, Transliterated: Al-Ṭarīqah al-Tijāniyyah, or "The Tijānī Path" is Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Elections Presidents of Senegal 1960-present Léopold Sédar Senghor: 6 September 1960 - 31 December 1980 Senegal (le Sénégal officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. Diouf is notable both for coming to power by peaceful succession, and leaving willingly after losing the 2000 presidential election to Abdoulaye Wade. A presidential election was held in Senegal in 2000 with the first round on 27 February 2000 and the second round on 19 March 2000 Abdoulaye Wade (born May 29 1926 is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000 He has been the Secretary-General of La Francophonie since 2003. La Francophonie is an international organisation of French-speaking countries and governments and in French, the community of French-speaking peoples
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Early life
Diouf was born in Louga, Senegal, a child of an Hal Pulaar mother and a Serere father. Louga is a town in northwestern Senegal. Louga is a cattle market centre and has road and rail links with the port city of Saint-Louis to the northwest and He went to primary and secondary school at the Lycée Faidherbe in Saint-Louis, and studied law at Dakar University and then at the Sorbonne, Paris. Saint-Louis, or Ndar as it is called in Wolof, is the capital of Senegal 's Saint-Louis Region For the Dakar Rally see Dakar Rally. For the Israeli submarine see INS Dakar. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Diouf graduated in 1959. [2]
Political career
After graduation, Diouf returned to Senegal, where in September 1960 he was appointed Director of International Technical Cooperation. In November 1960 he became assistant of the Secretary-General of the Government, and in June 1961 he became Secretary-General of the Ministry of Defense. [1][3] In 1961 he joined the Senegalese Progressive Union (Union Progressiste Sénégalaise, UPS), which later became the Socialist Party of Senegal. The Socialist Party of Senegal ( Parti Socialiste du Sénégal, PS is a Political party in Senegal. The Socialist Party of Senegal ( Parti Socialiste du Sénégal, PS is a Political party in Senegal. [3] In December 1961 he became Governor of the Sine-Saloum Region, serving in that position until December 1962, when he became Director of the Cabinet of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. In May 1963 he was moved to the position of Director of the Cabinet of President Léopold Senghor, where he remained until December 1965. Sir Léopold Sédar Senghor ( 9 October 1906 20 December 2001) was a Senegalese Poet, politician and cultural theorist who In January 1964 he became Secretary-General of the Presidency, serving in that post until March 1968, when he became Minister of the Plan and Industry. He remained in the latter position until February 1970, when he was named Prime Minister. [1]
Presidency
In 1970 Senghor reinstated the post of prime minister, giving it to Diouf, his protégé. Senghor trusted Diouf, Diouf had administrative experience, and also no independent power base of his own. [4] This was important, for Senghor's last prime minister had used the position to launch a coup d’état. On January 1, 1981, Senghor resigned in favor of Diouf, who became president of Senegal.
1983 and 1988 elections
Diouf continued the political liberalization Senghor had begun by holding elections in 1983. He allowed fourteen opposition parties to run, instead of the four Senghor had allowed. The practical effect of this was to fragment the opposition, and Diouf won with 83. 5 percent of the vote. [5]
In 1985, opposing parties tried to form a coalition. It was broken up on the grounds that coalitions were forbidden by the constitution. [6] Also in 1985, Abdoulaye Wade, Diouf's main political opponent, was temporarily arrested for unlawful demonstration. Abdoulaye Wade (born May 29 1926 is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000 [7]
In February, 1988, elections were held again. Diouf won 72. 3 percent of the vote to Wade's 25. 8 percent, and opposing parties alleged electoral fraud. Electoral fraud is illegal interference with the process of an Election. Disturbances followed, and Diouf declared a state of emergency, detaining Wade again until May of that year. [8]
Senegambia
Under Diouf, Senegal agreed to form a confederation called Senegambia with neighboring Gambia on December 12, 1981; this union took place on February 1, 1982. The Senegambia Confederation was a loose Confederation between the West African countries of Senegal and its neighbour The Gambia, which is almost In April 1989, the Mauritania-Senegal Border War developed, leading to an outbreak of ethnic violence and the severing of diplomatic relations with Mauritania. Mauritania (موريتانيا Mūrītāniyā officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country As the region destabilized, Senegambia was dissolved.
Response to AIDS
In 1986, Diouf began an anti-AIDS program in Senegal, before the virus was able to take off in earnest. He used the media and schools to promote safe-sex messages, and required prostitutes to be registered. He also encouraged civic organizations and both Christian and Muslim religious leaders to raise awareness about AIDS. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The result was that while AIDS was decimating much of Africa, the infection rate for Senegal stayed below 2 per cent. [9]
1993 and 2000 elections
Diouf was reelected in February 1993 with 58% of the vote[10] to a 7-year term; presidential term lengths had been extended by two years in 1991. [11] In the first round of the 2000 elections, on February 27, he took 41. 3% of the vote against 30. 1% for the long-time opposition leader Abdoulaye Wade, but in the second round on March 19 he received only 41. Abdoulaye Wade (born May 29 1926 is the third and current President of Senegal, in office since 2000 5% against 58. 5% for Wade. [10] Diouf conceded defeat and left office on April 1.
From this electoral defeat came one of Diouf's greatest contributions to African peace, for he gracefully surrendered power to Abdoulaye Wade, his long-time rival. When Diouf left office Wade said he should receive a Nobel Peace Prize for leaving without violence. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor [12]
Socialist Party leadership
Diouf was Deputy Secretary-General of the Socialist Party under Senghor. He became Secretary-General in 1981, and when the party was restructured[1] at its Thirteenth Congress in 1996,[13] he was moved to the position of President of the PS,[1] while Ousmane Tanor Dieng became First Secretary, having been proposed by Diouf. Ousmane Tanor Dieng (born 1948 is the First Secretary of the Socialist Party of Senegal. [13]
International organizations
Both during and after his presidency, Diouf has been active in international organizations. He was elected President of the Organization of African Unity (OAU) for 1985 to 1986. The Organisation of African Unity ( OAU) or Organisation de l'Unité Africaine ( OUA) was established on 25 May 1963. Soon after his election, he made a personal plea to François Mitterrand, the President of France, resulting in France speaking strongly for sanctions against South Africa. François Maurice Adrien Marie Mitterrand ( 26 October 1916 8 January 1996 served as President of France from 1981 to 1995 elected as representative of the Socialist This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa In 1992, he was re-elected President of the OAU again for another year-long term.
After leaving office as President of Senegal, he was elected as Secretary-General of La Francophonie at that organization's Ninth Summit on October 20, 2002 in Beirut,[14] following the withdrawal of the candidate Henri Lopes of the Republic of the Congo;[15] Diouf took office on January 1, 2003. La Francophonie is an international organisation of French-speaking countries and governments and in French, the community of French-speaking peoples Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. [16] He was re-elected as Secretary-General for another four years at the organization's summit in Bucharest in September 2006. Bucharest ( Romanian: Bucureşti) is the Capital city, industrial and commercial centre of Romania. [17]
Trivia
Diouf is a very tall man, at 6 ft 6 inches (198cm) in height.
References
- ^ a b c d e Biography at Socialist Party website (French).
- ^ Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millinium, p. 193. Scarecrow Press, Inc, 2001.
- ^ a b Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millinium, p. 193. Scarecrow Press, Inc, 2001.
- ^ Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millinium, p. 193. Scarecrow Press, Inc, 2001.
- ^ Ungar, Africa: The People and Politics of an Emerging Continent, p. 346. Simon and Schusyer, Inc, 1978.
- ^ Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millinium, p. 194. Scarecrow Press, Inc, 2001.
- ^ Arnold, Africa: A Modern History, p. 688. Atlantic Books, 2005.
- ^ Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millinium, p. 195. Scarecrow Press, Inc, 2001.
- ^ Meredith, The Fate of Africa, p. 367. Published by PublicAffaires, 2005.
- ^ a b Elections in Senegal, African Elections Database.
- ^ Human Rights in Developing Countries Yearbook 1997, page 276.
- ^ Rake, African Leaders: Guiding the New Millinium, p. 196. Scarecrow Press, Inc, 2001.
- ^ a b Page on the PS at party website (French).
- ^ "Biographie de Monsieur Abdou DIOUF", francophonie. org (French).
- ^ "Francophone summit adopts declaration, elects new OIF head", Radio France Internationale (nl. newsbank. com), October 20, 2002.
- ^ "RAPPORT DU SECRETAIRE GENERAL DE LA FRANCOPHONIE 2002-2004", francophonie. org (French).
- ^ "Diouf re-elected OIF Secretary General for four years", Angola Press, September 30, 2006.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Post Abolished |
Prime Minister of Senegal 26 February 1970 – 31 December 1980 |
Succeeded by Habib Thiam |
| Preceded by Léopold Sédar Senghor |
President of Senegal 1981 – 2000 |
Succeeded by Abdoulaye Wade |
| Preceded by Julius Nyerere |
Chairperson of the African Union 1985 – 1986 |
Succeeded by Denis Sassou-Nguesso |
| Preceded by Ibrahim Babangida |
Chairperson of the African Union 1992 – 1993 |
Succeeded by Hosni Mubarak |
| Preceded by Dawda Jawara |
Chairman of the Economic Community of West African States 1992 – 1993 |
Succeeded by Nicéphore Soglo |
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