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Abd-al-latif, Abd-el-latif or Abd-ul-Latif (1162 – 1231), also known as al-Baghdadi (Arabic,عبداللطيف البغدادي), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The Historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early origins of Islam based on a critical analysis evaluation and examination of authentic Primary This is a partial list of Egyptologists. An Egyptologist is any Archaeologist, Historian, linguist, or Art historian who specializes in and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time. B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century

Contents

Biography

An interesting memoir of Abdallatif, written by himself, has been preserved with additions by Ibn Abu-Osaiba (Ibn abi Usaibia), a contemporary. From that work we learn that the higher education of the youth of Baghdad consisted principally in a minute and careful study of the rules and principles of grammar, and in their committing to memory the whole of the Qur'an, a treatise or two on philology and jurisprudence, and the choicest Arabic poetry. Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran See Comparative linguistics for the narrower field of "comparative philology" Jurisprudence is the Theory and Philosophy of Law. Scholars of jurisprudence or legal philosophers hope to obtain a deeper understanding of the nature

After attaining to great proficiency in that kind of learning, Abdallatif applied himself to natural philosophy and medicine. For the current in the 19th century German idealism see Naturphilosophie Natural philosophy or the philosophy of nature (from Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the To enjoy the society of the learned, he went first to Mosul (1189), and afterwards to Damascus. For the village in Azerbaijan see Mosul Azerbaijan. Mosul (الموصل Al Mūṣul, Kurdish: Mosul/Ninawa, Musul Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. With letters of recommendation from Saladin's vizier, he visited Egypt, where he realized his wish to converse with Maimonides, the Eagle of the Doctors. Salahadin Ayyubi ( Arabic:صلاح الدين يوسف بن أيوب Kurdish: سه‌لاحه‌دین ئه‌یوبی Selah'edînê Eyubî; c A Vizier ( - wazīr) (sometimes also spelled Vazir Vizir Vasir Wazir Vesir, or Vezir - grammatical vowel changes are common in many western Asian This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Moses Maimonides ( March 30 1135 – December 13 1204) also known as the Rambam, was a Rabbi, Physician, and

He afterwards formed one of the circles of learned men whom Saladin gathered around him at Jerusalem. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the He taught medicine and philosophy at Cairo and at Damascus for a number of years, and afterwards, for a shorter period, at Aleppo. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Cairo () which means "the Vanquisher" or "the Triumphant" is the capital and largest city of Egypt. For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation.

His love of travel led him to visit different parts of Armenia and Asia Minor in his old age. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Also, he was in the process of setting out on a pilgrimage to Mecca when he died at Baghdad. The Hajj (حج is a pilgrimage to Mecca (Makkah It is the largest annual pilgrimage in the world Mecca ˈmɛkə also spelled Makkah ˈmækə (in full Makkah Al-Mukarramah (Arabic mækːæ(t ælmʊkarˑamæ مكّة المكرمة, literally Honored

Account of Egypt

Abdallatif was undoubtedly a man of great knowledge and of an inquisitive and penetrating mind. Of the numerous works (mostly on medicine) which Osaiba ascribes to him, one only, his graphic and detailed Account of Egypt (in two parts), appears to be known in Europe.

Egyptology

This work was one of the earliest works on Egyptology. Egyptology (from Egypt and Greek grc -λογία -logia. علم المصريات مصر شناسی is a major field of Archaeology It contains a vivid description of a famine caused, during the author's residence in Egypt, by the Nile failing to overflow its banks. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation The Nile (النيل, Ancient Egyptian iteru or Ḥ'pī, Coptic piaro or phiaro) is a major north-flowing River He also wrote detailed descriptions on ancient Egyptian monuments. The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential Civilizations which developed a vast array of diverse structures encompassing Ancient Egyptian [1]

Autopsy

Al-Baghdadi wrote that during the famine in Egypt in 597 AH (1200 AD), he had the opportunity to observe and examine a large number of skeletons. 597 AH is a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 1200 CE Observation is either an activity of a living being (such as a Human) which senses and assimilates the Knowledge of a Phenomenon, or the recording of data To examine somebody or something is to inspect it closely hence an examination is a detailed inspection or analysis of an object or person In Biology, the skeleton is a strong and often a rigid framework that supports the body of an animal holding it upright and giving it shape and strength (Also skeletal This was one of the earliest examples of a postmortem autopsy, through which he discovered that Galen was incorrect regarding the formation of the bones of the lower jaw and sacrum. An autopsy, also known as a post-mortem examination, necropsy, or obduction, is a Medical procedure that consists of a thorough Examination Galen ( Greek: Γαληνός Galēnos; Latin: Claudius Galenus, Aelius Galenus, Claudius Aelius Galenus, or Bones are rigid organs that form part of the Endoskeleton of Vertebrates They function to move support and protect the various organs of the body produce The jaw is either of the two opposable structures forming or near the entrance to the Mouth. The sacrum is a large triangular bone at the base of the spine and at the upper and back part of the Pelvic cavity, where it is inserted like a wedge between [2]

Translation

The Arabic manuscript was discovered in 1665 by Edward Pococke the orientalist, and preserved in the Bodleian Library. Edward Pococke (1604-1691 was an English Orientalist and biblical scholar Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures languages peoples history and archaeology in recent The Bodleian Library ( the main Research library of the University of Oxford, is one of the oldest libraries in Europe, and in England He then published the Arabic manuscript in the 1680s. His son, Edward Pococke the Younger, translated the work into Latin, though he was only able to publish less than half of his work. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Thomas Hunt attempted to publish Pococke's complete translation in 1746, though his attempt was unsuccessful. [3] Pococke's complete Latin translation was eventually published by Professor Joseph White of Oxford in 1800. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the The work was then translated into French, with valuable notes, by Silvestre de Sacy in 1810. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Antoine Isaac Baron Silvestre de Sacy ( September 21, 1758 &ndash February 21, 1838) was a French linguist and orientalist [4]

Medical works

Al-Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb

Al-Baghdadi's Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb was one of the earliest works on hirudotherapy. Medicinal Leeches are any of several Species of leeches but most commonly Hirudo medicinalis, the European Medical Leech'. He introduced a more modern use for medicinal leech, stating that leech could be used for cleaning the tissues after surgical operations. Medicinal Leeches are any of several Species of leeches but most commonly Hirudo medicinalis, the European Medical Leech'. Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism Surgery (from the χειρουργική cheirourgikē, via chirurgiae meaning "hand work" is a medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental He did, however, understand that there is a risk over using leech, and advised patients that leech need to be cleaned before being used and that the dirt or dust "clinging to a leech should be wiped off" before application. Leeches are Annelids comprising the Subclass Hirudinea. There are freshwater terrestrial and marine leeches He further writes that after the leech has sucked out the blood, salt should be "sprinkled on the affected part of the human body. Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants "[5]

Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet

He wrote a book called Al-Tibb min al-Kitab wa-al-Sunna (Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet) describing the Islamic medical practices from the time of Muhammad. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics [6]

Diabetes

Al-Baghdadi was also the author of a major book dealing with diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc [6]

Notes

  1. ^ Dr. Okasha El Daly (2005), Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings, UCL Press, ISBN 1844720632. University College London ( UCL) is a multi-faculty university institution based in the United Kingdom and a constituent college of the University of London (cf. Arabic Study of Ancient Egypt, Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation. cf is an abbreviation for the Latin -derived (but also modern English) word confer, meaning "compare" or "consult" )
  2. ^ Emilie Savage-Smith (1996), "Medicine", in Roshdi Rashed, ed. , Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science, Vol. The Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science is a three-volume Encyclopedia covering the history of Arabic contributions to science, mathematics 3, p. 903-962 [951]. Routledge, London and New York. Routledge is a publisher of non-fiction academic books and journals
  3. ^ G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, pp. 272-273, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198202911.
  4. ^ G. J. Toomer (1996), Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England, p. 275, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0198202911.
  5. ^ Nurdeen Deuraseh, "Ahadith of the Prophet (s. a. w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational", Jounal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 2004 (3): 14-20 [18].
  6. ^ a b The Prophet’s Medicine: Part One

References

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