The Alfabeto Unificado para a Escrita do Caboverdiano (Unified Alphabet for Cape Verdean Writing), commonly known as ALUPEC, is the alphabet that was officially recognized by the Cape Verdean government to write the Cape Verdean Creole. An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either The Republic of Cape Verde ( Portuguese: Cabo Verde, 'kabu 'veɾdɨ is a Republic located on an Archipelago in the Macaronesia Cape Verdean Creole is a language spoken on the islands of Cape Verde.
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Description
It is a phonetic system based on the Latin alphabet, and only states which letters should be used to represent each sound. This system does not establish the orthography rules, in how each word should be written or in how the words should be written within the sentence context. That is why the Cape Verdean Creole writing is not standardized yet, the same word or the same sentence may appear represented in different ways. Each Cape Verdean is still writing idiosyncratically, i. e. , each person that writes in Creole writes in his/her own dialect, own sociolect and own idiolect.
The descriptive texts about the ALUPEC[1]claim that it is “a system composed by 23 letters and four digraphs”. A letter is an element in an Alphabetic system of writing such as the Greek alphabet and its descendants A digraph, bigraph, or digram is a pair of characters used to write one Phoneme (distinct sound or a sequence of phonemes that does not correspond What those texts do not specify is that it also has the letter Y and the digraph RR.
Older documents (1994)[2] showed the following order:
A B S D E F G H I J DJ L LH M N NH N̈ O P K R T U V X TX Z
Later documents (after 1998)[3] show the following order:
A B D DJ E F G H I J K L LH M N NH N̈ O P R S T TX U V X Z
The ALUPEC comes close to a perfect phonetic system where almost every letter represents only one sound, and almost every sound is represented by only one letter. The vowels may have a graphic accent, but the system does not consider the letters with accents as separated letters.
| Letter | Sound according the IPA | Description |
| a | /a/ or /ɐ/ |
like a in Portuguese pá or like a in (European) Portuguese para |
| á | /a/ | like a in Portuguese pá |
| â | /ɐ/ | like a in (European) Portuguese para |
| b | /b/ | like b in English but |
| d | /d/ | like d in Portuguese dedo |
| dj | /ʤ/ | like j in English just |
| e | /e/ | like e in Portuguese dedo, never like i in Portuguese filho |
| é | /ɛ/ | like e in Portuguese ferro |
| ê | /e/ | like e in Portuguese dedo |
| f | /f/ | like f in English for |
| g | /ɡ/ | always like g in English go, never like s in English pleasure |
| h | used only in the digraphs lh and nh | |
| i | /i/ or /j/ |
like i in Portuguese vi or like y in English yes |
| í | /i/ | like i in Portuguese vi |
| j | /ʒ/ | like s in English measure |
| k | /k/ | like c in Portuguese caco |
| l | /l/ | like l in French elle |
| lh | /ʎ/ | like lh in Portuguese filho |
| m | /m/ | like m in English me |
| n | /n/ | like n in Portuguese não |
| nh | /ɲ/ | like nh in Portuguese ninho |
| n̈ (n with diaeresis) |
/ŋ/ | like ng in English king |
| o | /o/ | like o in Portuguese amor never like u in Portuguese tu |
| ó | /ɔ/ | like o in Portuguese porta |
| ô | /o/ | like o in Portuguese amor |
| p | /p/ | like p in Portuguese para |
| r | /ɾ/ or /ʀ/ |
like r in Portuguese porta or like r in Portuguese rato |
| rr | /ʀ/ | like rr in Portuguese ferro |
| s | /s/ | always like s in Portuguese sim, never like z in Portuguese zero |
| t | /t/ | like t in Portuguese tu |
| tx | /ʧ/ | like ch in English chair |
| u | /u/ or /w/ |
like u in Portuguese tu or like w in English wet |
| ú | /u/ | like u in Portuguese tu |
| v | /v/ | like v in English vain |
| x | /ʃ/ | like sh in English ship, never like the Portuguese words sexo, próximo or exame |
| z | /z/ | like z in Portuguese zero |
Additional notes:
- The letter y is used only to represent the copulative conjunction (corresponding to «e» in Portuguese). The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA is a system of phonetic notation based on the Latin alphabet, devised by the International Phonetic " N̈ " or " n̈ " (referred to as n-diaeresis) is grapheme from several minor extended Latin alphabets the letter N
- The letter r has the sound /ʀ/ only in the beginning of the words.
- The letter n in the end of the syllables is not pronounced, it only indicates the nasality of the preceding vowel.
- The personal pronoun that represents the subject form of the first person of the singular is always written with the capital letter N, whatever the pronunciation, whatever the Creole variant.
- The graphic accents are used to indicate the stressed syllable in proparoxitone words, and to indicate the stressed syllable in oxitone words that do not end in a consonant; the acute accent is also used in paroxitone words when the stressed syllable has the sounds /ɛ/ or /ɔ/.
History
The ALUPEC emerged in 1994, from the alphabet proposed by the Colóquio Linguístico de Mindelo, in 1979.
In July 20th, 1998, the ALUPEC was approved[3] by the Conselho de Ministros de Cabo Verde, for a five years trial period. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) According to the same Council, the ALUPEC would “consider the diversity of the Cape Verdean Language in all the islands, and only after that trial period it would be considered its introduction in schools”.
In 2005, the ALUPEC was recognized[4] by the Cape Verdean government as a viable system for writing the Cape Verdean Creole, being until now the only one officially recognized by the same government. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In spite of being the only one officially recognized, the same law allows the usage of alternative writing models, “as long they are presented in a systematized and scientific way”.
Present situation
In spite of having been officially recognized by the Government, the ALUPEC has neither official, neither mandatory usage, being used only by enthusiasts.
References
- ^ O caboverdiano em 45 lições (Veiga, Manuel – 2002)
- ^ Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Cape Verdean Writing System
- ^ a b Decreto-Lei n.º 67/98 (Boletim Oficial da República de Cabo Verde – 1998)
- ^ Resolução n.º 48/2005 (Boletim Oficial da República de Cabo Verde – 2005)
External links
- Proposed Criteria of the Unified Alphabet for the Cape Verdean Writing System
- Na diféza di un skrita pa kriolu di Kabu Verdi (in Creole)
- Pa Nu Skrebe Na Skola (in Portuguese)
- Orthographic guidelines for writing São Vicentean Kriol — a proposal for São Vicente Creole writing
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