For the military weapon, see Anti-Aircraft
An AA battery (pronounced [ double a] or /ˈdʌbəl eɪ/) is a dry cell-type battery commonly used in portable electronic devices. Anti-aircraft warfare, or air defense, is any method of engaging hostile military Aircraft in defence of ground objectives, ground or naval forces Duracell is a brand of batteries manufactured by Procter and Gamble. Alkaline batteries are a type of disposable battery dependent upon the reaction between Zinc and Manganese (IV oxide ( Zn / Mn[[Oxygen In electronics a battery is a combination of two or more Electrochemical cells which store chemical Energy which can be converted into electrical energy Electronics refers to the flow of charge (moving Electrons through Nonmetal conductors (mainly Semiconductors, whereas electrical The AA battery type was standardized by ANSI in 1947 and is also known internationally as LR6 (alkaline), FR6 (lithium-ion), R6 (carbon-zinc) or Mignon. As an AA battery is composed of a single chamber, it is more correctly referred to as a cell. Technically, a battery is a collection of cells working together, such as in a car battery. This article nonetheless prefers the more common term "battery".
An AA battery measures 51 mm in length (50. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 1 mm without the button terminal), 13. 5–14. 5 mm in diameter,[1] (1. 97×0. 56 inches). Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. Traditional alkaline AA batteries weigh roughly 23 g (0. Alkaline batteries are a type of disposable battery dependent upon the reaction between Zinc and Manganese (IV oxide ( Zn / Mn[[Oxygen For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. 81 ounces), Lithium AA batteries weigh around 15 g (0. This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. 5 oz), and rechargeable NiMH batteries weigh about 31 g (1. 1 oz).
The nominal output voltage of single-use AA batteries is 1. Electrical tension (or voltage after its SI unit, the Volt) is the difference of electrical potential between two points of an electrical 5 volts, while NiCd and NiMH rechargeable batteries have a nominal voltage of 1. The nickel-cadmium battery (commonly abbreviated NiCd and ˈnɑɪˌkæd "nye-cad" is a type of Rechargeable battery using Nickel oxide hydroxide A nickel-metal hydride battery, abbreviated NiMH, is a type of Rechargeable battery similar to a nickel-cadmium ( Ni[[Cadmium Cd]] battery See also Rechargeable electricity storage system A rechargeable battery, also known as a storage battery, is a group of two or more secondary 2 V. Specialty batteries based on more unusual chemistries can run at a voltage as high as 1. 6 V under load. [2] The voltage of an AA battery is the same as an AAA battery, C cell or D cell. A AAA battery (pronounced "triple A" is a dry cell-type battery commonly used in portable electronic devices C size batteries typically are used in medium-drain applications like toys and musical instruments D batteries are a electrochemical cell typically used in high current drain applications in products with motors radio receivers and transmitters portable entertainment systems AA batteries, however, provide power for a longer period than AAA batteries, because their larger size allows them to store a greater mass of anode material which is consumed as it does electrical work. C and D cells, being larger, last longer still; as a rough guide, the capacity of a battery scales linearly with its mass.
Primary (non-rechargeable) zinc-carbon AA batteries of 400–900 milliamp-hours capacity are commonly made using Leclanché cell technology. A Zinc-carbon Dry cell or battery is packaged in a Zinc can that serves as both a container and anode "Milli" redirects here for the village in Azerbaijan see Birinci Milli; for similar-sounding words see Millie. An ampere-hour (symbol A h or A·h, sometimes abbreviated as Ah) is a unit of Electric charge. Georges Leclanché invented and patented in 1866 his battery the Leclanché cell. Zinc-chloride batteries of 1000 to 1500 mAh are often sold as "long life" or "heavy duty". Alkaline batteries from 1700 mAh to almost 3000 mAh cost a little more, but last proportionally longer. Alkaline batteries are a type of disposable battery dependent upon the reaction between Zinc and Manganese (IV oxide ( Zn / Mn[[Oxygen
Single-use lithium batteries are also available for high demand devices such as digital cameras, where their high cost is offset by longer running time between battery changes. Lithium batteries are not to be confused with lithium-ion batteries which are high energy-density rechargeable batteries Lithium batteries are Many compact digital still cameras can record Sound and moving Video as well as still Photograph. As of 2008, the only 1. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 5 V lithium AA is manufactured by Energizer[1], although AA-sized batteries with different nominal voltages are available from others. Energizer Holdings ( headquartered in St Louis Missouri, is an American manufacturer of multiple consumer products including batteries, where it has a These should only be used in devices rated for the higher voltage.
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Rechargeable AA batteries
The capacity of rechargeable AA batteries varies with the technology used. Nickel-cadmium (NiCd or NiCad) AAs with a capacity of 650 to 800 mAh are commonly available, while 800 to 1000 mAh AA types are rarer and more expensive. The nickel-cadmium battery (commonly abbreviated NiCd and ˈnɑɪˌkæd "nye-cad" is a type of Rechargeable battery using Nickel oxide hydroxide Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) AAs are also available in various capacities ranging from 1300 to 2850 mAh. A nickel-metal hydride battery, abbreviated NiMH, is a type of Rechargeable battery similar to a nickel-cadmium ( Ni[[Cadmium Cd]] battery
The older NiCd battery chemistry can supply a higher current than typical NiMHs, so NiCds are commonly used to power model cars or other relatively high-current-draw devices. Electric current is the flow (movement of Electric charge. The SI unit of electric current is the Ampere. New NiMH AAs designed for high current applications are beginning to become available. These use different construction and have lower capacity (1400–1600 mAh) than the highest capacity NiMH batteries. A newer form, low self-discharge NiMH batteries, are sold precharged and ready for use. The low self-discharge NiMH battery ( LSD NiMH) was introduced in November 2005.
Rechargeable AA-sized batteries based on Li-ion chemistry have also been introduced. Lithium-ion batteries (sometimes abbreviated Li-ion batteries) are a type of Rechargeable battery in which a Lithium ion moves between the Anode These batteries do not supply voltage in the 1. 2–1. 5 V range and are thus not compatible with most AA-based devices. Recent developments include AA Batteries with embedded functionality such as a built-in charger and USB connector within the AA format USBCELL, enabling the battery to be charged by plugging into a USB port without a charger [2].
The insides of a ZnC battery
The common zinc-carbon or zinc-chloride AA battery consists of a graphite rod in the center forming an electrode, an anode/electrolyte mix consisting mainly of manganese oxide, a zinc outer shell which serves as the cathode, and a paper, plastic or steel cover. The Mineral graphite, as with Diamond and Fullerene, is one of the Allotropes of carbon. Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 See Zinc-carbon battery. A Zinc-carbon Dry cell or battery is packaged in a Zinc can that serves as both a container and anode There is sometimes a pressure valve at the bottom to prevent explosions. However, the pressure valves generally will not prevent leakage or catastrophic failure of the shell if the battery is exposed to fire or extreme heat.
If a Zn-C or Zn-Cl battery is discharged too far, corrosion of the cathode, which is the zinc shell, can occur. If this becomes corroded enough, a breach in the shell can allow electrolyte to leak out. This is a common cause of damage to battery-powered appliances which are left unattended for long periods with batteries inside. The electrolyte can also cause minor skin damage, and should be kept away from eyes, and not ingested.
Inside an alkaline battery
More common today than the lower cost ZnC batteries are alkaline cells. Alkaline batteries are a type of disposable battery dependent upon the reaction between Zinc and Manganese (IV oxide ( Zn / Mn[[Oxygen Alkaline batteries are a type of disposable battery dependent upon the reaction between Zinc and Manganese (IV oxide ( Zn / Mn[[Oxygen Different variants exist, offering roughly double to three times the capacity of ZnC cells. A Zinc-carbon Dry cell or battery is packaged in a Zinc can that serves as both a container and anode Rather than zinc chloride as the electrolyte, potassium hydroxide is used.
References
- ^ http://people.msoe.edu/~tritt/trips/rabbitseason.html shows a copy of the page from the primary reference, IEC60086-2. Someone with access to the primary reference can replace this ref.
- ^ Datasheet for Duracell AA Power Pix
See also
- A battery (vacuum tubes)
- List of battery sizes
- Battery holder
- Battery (electricity)
- AAA battery
- AAAA battery
- Battery recycling
- USBCell
External links
- Detailed specifications for Energizer lithium AA battery
- Detailed specifications for Duracell alkaline AA battery
- Brand Neutral Drawing Of AA Alkaline battery based on ANSI Specifications
- Brand Neutral Drawing Of AA NiCad battery based on ANSI Specifications
- Brand Neutral Drawing Of AA Lithium battery based on ANSI Specifications
- Brand Neutral Drawing Of AA NiMH battery based on ANSI Specifications
- Brand Neutral Drawing Of AA Rechargeable battery based on ANSI Specifications
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