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| A1 road | |
 |
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|---|---|
| The current route of the A1 (red) and the historic route of the Great North Road (blue) | |
| Direction | North - South |
| Start | City of London |
| Primary destinations1 |
Holloway |
| End | Bignell's Corner |
| Roads joined |  A103 road A1000 road A1199 road A1200 road A1211 road A40 road A400 road A406 road A411 road A503 road A598 road A5201 road A501 road A104 road A1199 road A504 road A5109 road A41 road M1 motorway.PNG/50px-UK_motorway_A1(M).PNG){kind=small} A1(M) motorway |
Notes
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The A1 in London is an A road in North London. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The Great Britain road numbering scheme is a Numbering system used to classify and identify all Roads in Great Britain. North London is the northern part of London, England. The area it covers is defined differently for a range of purposes It runs from the London Wall to Bignall's Corner, where it crosses the M25 and becomes the A1(M) motorway, continuing to Edinburgh. London Wall was the Defensive wall built by the Romans around Londinium, their strategically important port town on the River Thames in England Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. (For the road outside London, see the main A1 road article. ) The London section passes through 4 London Boroughs: the City of London, Islington, Haringey and Barnet. The administrative area of Greater London contains thirty-two London boroughs. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The London Borough of Islington ( is a London borough in North and Inner London. The London Borough of Haringey (ˈhærɪŋgeɪ) is a Borough of North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. Whilst the route of the A1 outside London closely follows the historic route of the Great North Road, the London section for the most part does not.
The current route of the London section of the A1 road was (for the most part) designated as such in 1927. It comprises a number of historic streets in central London and the former suburbs of Islington, Holloway and Highgate and long stretches of purpose-built new roads in the outer London borough of Barnet, built to divert traffic away from the congested suburbs of Finchley and High Barnet. Islington is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. Highgate is a suburb of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath. The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. Finchley is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, London, England. High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet in North London, England.
The London section of the A1 is one of London's most important roads. It links North London to the M1 motorway and the A1 (M) motorway, and consequently serves as Central London's primary road transport artery to the Midlands, Northern England and Scotland. The M1 is a major south – north Motorway in England primarily connecting London to Leeds, where This article is mainly about the English Midlands For other uses see Midlands (disambiguation. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. It also connects a number of major areas within London, and sections of it serve as the High Street for many of the now-joined villages that make up north London. High Street, or the High Street, is a Metonym for the generic name (and frequently the official name of the primary Business street
St John Street (historic)
St John Street was the first section of the original route of the Great North Road and initially formed part of the A1; however, it no longer forms part of the present route, which runs some way to the east. It is a well-known London street, located in Clerkenwell, Islington. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Clerkenwell is an area of central London in the London Borough of Islington. Islington is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. It runs from Smithfield Market and Charterhouse Street in the south to the junction of City Road and Pentonville Road (near Upper Street) in the north, close to the Angel tube station. Smithfield (also known as West Smithfield) is an area in the north-west part of the City of London, mostly known for its centuries-old meat market and its bloody history Often referred to by Londoners as " The City Road" the western extremity of the road is at The Angel Islington where it forms a continuation of Pentonville Road The London Inner Ring Road is the name commonly given to a route formed from a number of major Roads that encircle the centremost part of London. Angel tube station is a London Underground station in The Angel, Islington.
The Red Bull Theatre was located on the street between 1604 and 1666, when it was destroyed in the Great Fire of London. The Red Bull was a Playhouse in London during the 17th century This article is about the Great Fire of 1666 For other great fires in London see Early fires of London or Second Great Fire of London. James Burnett, Lord Monboddo (1714–1799) lived at 13 St John Street. James Burnett Lord Monboddo ( October 25, 1714 - May 26, 1799) was a Scottish Judge, scholar of language evolution and He held "learned suppers" at his house, with guests including James Boswell, Robert Burns and Samuel Johnson. James Boswell 9th Laird of Auchinleck ( October 29, 1740 - May 19, 1795) was a lawyer diarist and Author born in Edinburgh Robert Burns (25 January 1759 – 21 July 1796 (also known as Rabbie Burns, Scotland's favourite son, the Ploughman Poet, the Bard of Ayrshire Samuel Johnson (often referred to as Dr Johnson) (18 September
Nowadays there are many office buildings, restaurants and bars.
.jpg/250px-The_Post_Office_in_St_Martin_le_Grand_by_Thomas_Shepherd_(late_1820s).jpg)
Aldersgate Street
The site of the now-demolished Aldersgate in the London Wall, next to the Museum of London, is the present start of the A1. Aldersgate was a gate in the London Wall in the City of London, which has given its name to a ward and Aldersgate Street a road leading north from the London Wall was the Defensive wall built by the Romans around Londinium, their strategically important port town on the River Thames in England The Museum of London documents the history of London from the Prehistoric to the present day Aldersgate Street runs north from here to the northern border of the City of London, where it becomes Goswell Road. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically
Adjacent to the modern roundabout on the site of the Aldersgate is the former headquarters of the General Post Office (closed in 1910 and demolished shortly afterwards), and the adjoining Postman's Park. A roundabout is a type of Road junction at which Traffic enters a one-way stream around a central island Postman's Park is a small green memorial garden in the City of London. The southern part of the roundabout and the northern part of the Post Office site stand on the site of a collegiate church and sanctuary founded in 750 by Withu, King of Kent, hugely expanded in 1056 by Ingebrian, Earl of Essex and issued with a Royal Charter in 1068 by William the Conqueror. In Christianity, a collegiate church is a church where the Daily office of worship is maintained by a College of canons; a non-monastic or Sanctuary has multiple meanings A sanctuary is the consecrated area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar The Kingdom of Kent was a kingdom of Jutes in southeast England and was one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon heptarchy. Essex is a county in the East of England. The County town is Chelmsford, and the highest point of the county is Chrishall Common A Royal Charter is a Charter granted by the Sovereign on the advice of the Privy council to legitimize an incorporated body such as a city company William I of England ( 1027 His reign which brought Norman culture to England had an enormous impact on the subsequent course of England in the Middle Ages The site of the church was cleared in 1818 in preparation for the construction of the Post Office. [1]
The poet Thomas Flatman was born in a house in Aldersgate Street in 1633. Thomas Flatman (1637–1688 was an English Poet and miniature painter As with most historic buildings on this stretch of road, the building no longer stands.
134 Aldersgate Street for many years had a sign claiming "This was Shakespeare's House". The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial This article is about a type of structure For other locational uses see Milldam. The Museum of London documents the history of London from the Prehistoric to the present day William Shakespeare ( baptised [2] Although the building was very close to the nearby Fortune Playhouse, there is no documentary evidence surviving to indicate that Shakespeare resided here; a subsidy roll from 1598 shows a "William Shakespeare" as owner of the property, but there is nothing to indicate that it is the playwright. The Fortune Playhouse is the name of an historic Theatre in London. The building no longer exists, and Barbican tube station now occupies the site. Barbican is a London Underground and mainline rail station serving the Barbican Centre in the City of London, England. The nearby Shakespeare Tower is named for this (tenuous) connection. The Barbican Estate is a residential estate in the City of London, in an area densely packed with Commerce and Finance.
Barbican tube station was originally named "Aldersgate Street" when it opened in 1865. It was renamed "Aldersgate" in 1910, "Aldersgate and Barbican" in 1923, and "Barbican" in 1968. [3]
Most of the buildings on Aldersgate Street were destroyed or badly damaged in World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The entire length of the eastern side of the street is now occupied by the huge 40 acre (162,000m²) Barbican residential and arts complex. The Barbican Estate is a residential estate in the City of London, in an area densely packed with Commerce and Finance. [4]
John Wesley
In May 1738 clergyman John Wesley attended a meeting of the Moravians in Aldersgate Street. John Wesley (ˈwɛslɪ ( – March 2, 1791) was an Anglican cleric and Christian theologian who was the founder of the (Evangelical This page is about the Moravian Church globally For information about the church in a particular geographic area use the links at Organisation below While attending the meeting, he underwent a profound religious experience, describing it in his journal thus:
- "In the evening I went unwillingly to a society in Aldersgate Street, where one was reading Luther's preface to the Epistle to the Romans. About a quarter to nine, while he was describing the change which God works in the heart through faith in Christ, I felt my heart strangely warmed. I felt I did trust in Christ, Christ alone for salvation, and an assurance was given me that he had taken away my sins, even mine and saved me from the law of sin and death. "[5]
This moment was for Wesley an awakening to the assurance found in salvation by grace alone and has been referred to by scholars as a defining moment in the Methodist movement.
In 1739 Wesley broke with the Moravians and founded the Methodist Society of England. Methodism is a movement within Protestant Christianity represented by a number of denominations and organizations In the following years, the Methodist church spread rapidly, becoming one of the most influential Christian denominations in the world, particularly in the United States and the British Empire. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. A memorial at the believed site of the Moravian chapel (its exact address is not known, but it is believed to have been at 28 Aldersgate Street) marks the site of the meeting, and Wesley's Chapel in nearby City Road remains a major focal point of the international Methodist movement. Wesley's Chapel is a chapel in London which was built by the founder of Methodism, John Wesley. Often referred to by Londoners as " The City Road" the western extremity of the road is at The Angel Islington where it forms a continuation of Pentonville Road
Goswell Road
Goswell Road is a road in the south of the London Borough of Islington. The London Borough of Islington ( is a London borough in North and Inner London. It runs north from the border of the City of London to The Angel. For London as a whole see the main article London. The City of London is a geographically The Angel was originally an Inn near a Toll gate on the Great North Road (at what is now the corner of Islington High Street and Pentonville Road There is dispute over the origins of the name, with some sources claiming the road was named after a nearby garden called 'Goswelle' or 'Goderell' which belonged to Robert de Ufford, 1st Earl of Suffolk,[6] whilst others state it derives from "God's Well", and the traditional pagan practice of well-worship. Robert d'Ufford 1st Earl of Suffolk ( 10 August, 1298 &ndash 4 November, 1369) was born in Thurston, Suffolk England [7]
It is mostly occupied by offices and shops, and by the main campus of City University. City University London ( CUL) is a British University based in Northampton Square, Islington, London. It also contains the central library of the Society of Genealogists, one of London's most important reference collections[8] and the Headquarters of EWS Railways at 310 Goswell Road. The Society of Genealogists (SoG is a UK-based educational charity founded in 1911 to "promote encourage and foster the study science and knowledge of Genealogy " English Welsh and Scottish Railway Ltd ( EWS) is the largest British rail freight company
The New River originally passed along Goswell Road before turning to terminate at New River Head on Rosebery Avenue. The New River is a man-made waterway in England, opened in 1613 to supply London with fresh drinking water taken from the River Lee and from Amwell [9] The course of the river at this point is now entirely underground, and no trace of it can be seen at the surface.
James Parrott and the four-minute mile
Some sources (notably Olympic medallist Peter Radford[10]) contend that Goswell Road was the starting point for the first successful four-minute mile run, by James Parrott on 9 May 1770. The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad are an International Multi-sport event, usually quadrennial organised by the International Peter Frank Radford (born 20 September, 1939 in Walsall) is a former British athlete who competed at 100 & 200 metres (109 & 218 yardsHe In athletics, the four-minute mile is the Running of a Mile (1609 Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday [11] Parrott's route began on Goswell Road, before turning down Old Street, finishing at St Leonard's, Shoreditch. Old Street is a Street in east London that runs west to east from Goswell Road in Clerkenwell in the London Borough of Islington St Leonard's Shoreditch is the ancient Parish church of Shoreditch, often known simply as Shoreditch Church. Although timing methods at this time were accurate enough, following the invention of the chronometer by John Harrison, to measure the four minutes correctly, and sporting authorities of the time accepted the claim as genuine, the record is not recognised by modern sporting bodies. A marine chronometer is a timekeeper precise enough to be used as a portable Time standard; it can therefore be used to determine Longitude by means of Celestial John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776 was an English Clockmaker. [12]
The Dame Alice Owen's School bombing
On 15 October 1940, approximately 150 people were sheltering in the basement of Dame Alice Owen's School, then situated on Goswell Road. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A basement is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the Ground floor. Dame Alice Owen's School is a mixed voluntary aided secondary school in Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, England, founded in the London A large parachute bomb hit the building directly, causing the structure to collapse and blocking access to the basement. A parachute is a device used to slow the motion of an object through an atmosphere by creating drag. A bomb is any of a range of devices that typically rely on the Exothermic Chemical reaction of an Explosive material to produce an extremely The blast wave from the bomb caused the pipeline carrying the New River to rupture, flooding the shelter and killing the majority of shelterers. A blast wave in Fluid dynamics is the pressure and flow resulting from the deposition of a large amount of energy in a small very localised volume [13]
A memorial to the victims of the bombing stands in Owen's Fields at the northern end of Goswell Road.
Islington High Street
Islington High Street is, as the name suggests, the former High Street of the village of Islington, now completely subsumed by London. High Street, or the High Street, is a Metonym for the generic name (and frequently the official name of the primary Business street Islington is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. Only a very short section of this road between City Road and Liverpool Road is designated as part of the A1. Often referred to by Londoners as " The City Road" the western extremity of the road is at The Angel Islington where it forms a continuation of Pentonville Road Liverpool Road is located in the London Borough of Islington of inner north London.
The earliest reference to Islington High Street is its appearance on a 1590 map of the area. At this time, nine inns (including the famous Angel, which has subsequently given its name to the area), as well as housing and a public pond were shown lining the street. Inns are establishments where travellers can procure Food, Drink, and Lodging. The Angel was originally an Inn near a Toll gate on the Great North Road (at what is now the corner of Islington High Street and Pentonville Road [14] Then as now, Islington was and is unusual in that the village church, St. Mary's, does not stand on the high street but is some way off on Upper Street.
In 1716 Islington High Street came under the control of the newly-formed Islington Turnpike Trust. The Trust grew rapidly, and soon had control of most major roads in the area, building a number of major road arteries through the expanding residential areas, including Caledonian Road, Euston Road, City Road and New North Road. Euston Road is an important thoroughfare in central London, England and forms part of the A501. Often referred to by Londoners as " The City Road" the western extremity of the road is at The Angel Islington where it forms a continuation of Pentonville Road The A1200 is an A road in the London Borough of Islington connecting Highbury & Islington station and Moorfields Eye Hospital. [15]
The Peacock Inn at 11 Islington High Street dates from 1564, although the current facade dates from 1857. A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear It featured in Tom Brown's Schooldays as the inn at which Tom stays prior to travelling to Rugby. Tom Brown's Schooldays is a novel by Thomas Hughes first published in 1857 Rugby School, located in the town of Rugby, Warwickshire, is a Co-educational Boarding school and one of the oldest public schools It closed in 1962, although the building still stands. [16]
Angel tube station on Islington High Street has the longest escalator on the London Underground system, at 318 steps. Angel tube station is a London Underground station in The Angel, Islington. An escalator is a Conveyor transport device for transporting people consisting of individual linked steps that move up or down on tracks which keep the treads The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire [17] In 2006 a Norwegian man made headlines after skiing down the escalator at the station[18]
Upper Street
Upper Street is the main shopping street of the Islington borough of inner north London. Islington is the central district of the London Borough of Islington. It runs roughly north from Islington High Street to Highbury Corner.
The hilltop village of Islington originally consisted of two streets in addition to the High Street: Upper Street and Lower Street, which diverged from the High Street at Islington Green and both date back to at least the 12th century. Islington Green is a small triangle of open land at the convergence of Upper Street and Essex Road (once called Lower Street in the London Borough of Islington [19] Henry VIII hunted duck in the ponds off Upper Street,[20] while Walter Raleigh lived in Upper Street and owned a pub in Lower Street. Henry VIII (28 June 1491 &ndash 28 January 1547 was King of England and Lord of Ireland, later King of Ireland and claimant to the Kingdom of For duck as a food see Duck (food; for other meanings see Duck (disambiguation. Sir Walter Raleigh or Ralegh (c 1552 – 29 October 1618 was a famed English writer Poet, Soldier, Courtier and Explorer [21] Lower Street has since been renamed Essex Road.
St. Mary's Church, Islington was built in 1754[22] and dominates the Islington skyline. It is still in use today, and is a major venue for performances of traditional religious music. Religious music (also sacred music) is Music performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence The Little Angel Theatre is a children's puppet theatre in a former Temperance hall, behind the church. The Little Angel Theatre is a Puppet theatre catering for children families and adults off Upper Street in the London Borough of Islington. A puppet is a representational figure manipulated by a Puppeteer. See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in
The fields around Upper Street, with their close proximity to the growing city of London, were a major farming area. Islington was the home of the Royal Agricultural Hall, and a number of pubs and shops existed along the street to serve farmers and visitors to the hall. The Business Design Centre is an exhibition centre on Upper Street in the district of Islington in London. [23]
In the 18th century Upper Street began to be redeveloped from an agricultural to a residential area. Ten houses were built in 1768 (later named Hornsey Row), and a further group built immediately south of Hornsey Row in 1792. [24] William Roxby Beverley, the first mathematician to solve the problem of a "magic knight's tour" (a variant on the knight's tour in which the numbered steps form a magic square) resided in these buildings,[25] now replaced by Islington Town Hall. The Knight's Tour is a mathematical problem involving a knight on a Chessboard. In Recreational mathematics, a magic square of order n is an arrangement of n ² numbers usually distinct Integers in a square, such
In recent years it has become extremely fashionable, and contains numerous pubs and restaurants,[26] including the now closed Granita where Tony Blair and Gordon Brown were said to have made their deal on leadership once the Labour Party won power. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Granita was a restaurant in Islington, London, England. It has a certain prominence in British politics, as in late May 1994 it was the setting Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Academic titles --> James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951 is The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the [27] The southern end of Upper Street also houses the Mall Antiques Arcade, built from a derelict tram shed in 1979, and now one of the world's largest collections of antiques dealers;[28] there is also an antiques market nearby at Camden Passage. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train Camden Passage is a pedestrian passage off Upper Street in the London Borough of Islington.
Upper Street was one of the settings for local resident[29] Douglas Adams's The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy series. Douglas Noël Adams (11 March 1952 &ndash 11 May 2001 was an English author comic Radio dramatist The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy is a science fiction comedy series The London-based sections of the later books are set in and around Upper Street, the home address of "Fenchurch". [30] In addition, the character of Hotblack Desiato is named after a local estate agent. Estate Agent is a British English term for a person or business that arranges the selling renting or management of Homes land and other [31]
Places of interest on Upper Street
Upper Street houses Islington Town Hall, and the adjacent Islington Museum. A city hall or town hall is the chief administrative building of a City or Town 's administration and usually houses the city or It also contains the Hope and Anchor, formerly one of the most important venues of the 1970s and 80s punk and new wave scenes, hosting performances by Madness, U2 and Spandau Ballet, among others (and Shakin' Stevens). The Hope and Anchor is a Public house on Upper Street, in the London Borough of Islington. A music venue is any location regularly used for a Concert or Musical performance New Wave is a Rock music genre that existed during the late 1970s and the 1980s Madness are an English pop / Ska band from Camden Town, London, that formed in 1976 Spandau Ballet were a popular British band in the 1980s Initially inspired by a mixture of Funk and Synthpop, the group eventually mellowed into a Shakin' Stevens also known as ' Shaky' (born Michael Barrett, 4 March 1948 in Ely Cardiff, Wales) is a Platinum selling Welsh Rock The Stranglers album Live at the Hope and Anchor was recorded here. The Stranglers are an English rock music group formed on 11 September 1974 in Guildford, Surrey. Live at the Hope and Anchor is an album by The Stranglers: an entire set from a concert in this North London pub-venue on 22 November 1977 The building is still in use as a music venue today. [32]
Upper Street is unusual in being one of the few streets in London (along with adjoining Liverpool Road) to have a "high pavement". Liverpool Road is located in the London Borough of Islington of inner north London. This was constructed to protect pedestrians from being splashed by the large numbers of animals using the road to reach the Royal Agricultural Hall; as a consequence, the pavement of the street is approximately 1 m above the road surface for some of the length of the street. A sidewalk (chiefly North American English) pavement ( British English and Philadelphia dialect) footpath ( Australian English [33]
In 2005 Islington Council launched "Technology Mile", a project to turn Upper Street in a large scale wi-fi hotspot. The London Borough of Islington ( is a London borough in North and Inner London. A hotspot is a venue that offers Wi-Fi access to the Internet Using routers mounted on lampposts anyone with a wireless enabled device can connect to Council services and the internet the entire length of Upper Street, although the best signal is found in the Islington Green/St. Islington Green is a small triangle of open land at the convergence of Upper Street and Essex Road (once called Lower Street in the London Borough of Islington Mary's church areas.
Upper Street and the radical left
In the 1970s & 80s Upper Street was a focal point of the radical left. Ultra-left|Radical left|Radicalism (historical|Hard left Far left and extreme left are terms used to discuss the position a group or person occupies within a Political spectrum It was home to Sisterwrite, Britain's first feminist bookshop, as well as the Trotskyist Pioneer Books, the anarchist Rising Free shop (famous for stealing stock from other shops to sell in theirs) and the socialist Red Books. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i [34] In the 1980s, Upper Street was home to the Islington Action Group for the Unwaged, a major far left campaigning and activist group, and to the squatter-run Molly's Cafe, a focal point for the anarchist and squatting movement. Ultra-left|Radical left|Radicalism (historical|Hard left Far left and extreme left are terms used to discuss the position a group or person occupies within a Political spectrum Activism, in a general sense can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change Squatting is the act of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied space or Building that the squatter does not own rent or otherwise have permission to use [35] Upper Street made headlines on 23 July 1995, when the Reclaim the Streets movement took over the street, barricaded it to traffic and held a long party in the street. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Reclaim the Streets ( RTS) is a collective with a shared ideal of Community ownership of Public spaces Participants characterize the collective as a [36]
Holloway Road
After reaching the eight-way Highbury Corner interchange, the A1 turns north-west as Holloway Road. The origins of the name are disputed; some believe that it derives from Hollow due to the dip in the road, whilst some believe it derives from Hallow and refers to the road's historic significance as part of the pilgrimage route to Walsingham. In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is Hallow is a word usually used as a verb meaning "to make Holy or sacred to sanctify or consecrate to venerate" In Religion and Spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or Search of great Moral significance This refers to the English village for other uses see Walsingham (disambiguation Walsingham is a Village (actually two conjoined No documentary evidence can be found to support either derivation.
Holloway Road is one of north London's most important shopping streets, containing major Waitrose, Morrisons, Marks & Spencer, James Selby and Argos stores as well as numerous smaller shops. Waitrose is the Supermarket division of the John Lewis Partnership, with 192 branches as of September 2008 Wm Morrison Supermarkets PLC ( is the fourth largest chain of Supermarkets in the United Kingdom. Marks & Spencer Group plc (also M&S, Marks and Sparks, and Marks) is a British Retailer with 843 stores in more than 30 Argos is the largest general-goods Retailer in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland with over 700 stores Holloway Road is the site of the main campus of the much-renamed London Metropolitan University (formerly Northern Polytechnic Institute, Polytechnic of North London and University of North London),[37] probably best known for its striking deconstructivist Orion Building, designed by Daniel Libeskind, which dominates the central stretch of Holloway Road,[38] and of the headquarters of the National Union of Students[39] and the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. The London Metropolitan University, sometimes referred to as London Met or LMU, located in London, England, was formed on 1 August Deconstructivism in architecture also called deconstruction, is a development of Postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s Daniel Libeskind, (born May 12 1946 in Łódź, Poland) is an American Architect, Artist, and Set designer of The National Union of Students ( NUS) is the main confederation of Students' unions that exist inside the United Kingdom. [40] Most of the shops are clustered in the Nag's Head area, near the junction with Seven Sisters Road. Nag's Head Holloway is a locality within the Holloway district in the London Borough of Islington. Seven Sisters Road is an extension of Camden Road running from Holloway Road (today's A1 road) at the Nags Head crossroads uphill alongside Finsbury
The earliest record giving the name of the road as The Holloway dates from 1307. The main stretch of Holloway Road runs through the site of the villages of Tollington and Stroud. The exact time of their founding is not known, but the earliest record of them dates from 1000. The names ceased to be used by the late 17th century, but are still preserved in the local place names "Tollington Park" and "Stroud Green";[41] since that time, the area has been known as Holloway.
In recent years, Holloway Road has become a major focal point for the sale of smuggled tobacco, with large numbers of illegal tobacco dealers congregating in the area. Smuggling, also known as trafficking, is the clandestine transportation of goods or persons past a point where prohibited such as out of a building into a Prison Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. It is believed that this easy availability of cheap tobacco is the primary reason for Islington's very high smoking rate. Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. [42]
The northern point of Holloway Road is the complex interchange at Archway, where the A1 leaves the historic route of the Great North Road. Archway is an area of north London in the London Borough of Islington. The traditional Great North Road heads northeast up Highgate Hill (now the B519) before turning north at Highgate to cross the current A1 route. Highgate is a suburb of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath. Highgate is a suburb of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath. The A1 heads north along the relatively recently built Archway Road. The construction of the interchange left a few buildings isolated in the centre of the roundabout, including the Archway Tavern, made famous on the cover of The Kinks' 1971 album Muswell Hillbillies. A roundabout is a type of Road junction at which Traffic enters a one-way stream around a central island The Kinks were an English pop and rock group formed in 1963 and categorised in the US as a British Invasion band Muswell Hillbillies is an album by the English rock group The Kinks, released in November 1971 [43]
Churches
Holloway Road contains two significant London churches. St Mary Magdalene is situated in St Mary Magdalene Gardens near the southern end of the road. St Mary Magdalene Church on Holloway Road is an Anglican church in Islington, London. St Mary Magdalene Gardens on Holloway Road in Islington, London, are the old burial ground of St Mary Magdalene Church. Built by William Wickings in 1814, it is one of the best preserved early 19th century churches in London. [44] Charles Barry, Jr.'s St John's Church is a leading example of Gothic architecture and dominates the northern end of the road. Charles Barry (junior (1823-1900 was an English Architect of the mid-late 19th century and eldest son of Sir Charles Barry. The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement which began
Holloway Road in popular culture
Record producer Joe Meek, responsible amongst other things for Telstar by The Tornados, a massive UK and US no. In the Music industry, a record producer or music producer has many roles among them controlling the recording sessions coaching and guiding the musicians organizing Joe Meek (born Robert George Meek; 5 April 1929 — 3 February 1967 in London) was a pioneering English Record producer and Songwriter The Tornados (in the US they were credited as The Tornadoes) were an English Instrumental group of the 1960s who acted as the in-house 1 record in 1962, and the highly influential 1959 album I Hear a New World, lived, worked, and committed suicide at 304 Holloway Road,[45] where he is commemorated by an unofficial blue plaque (actually black). I Hear a New World - an Outer Space Music Fantasy is a concept album devised and composed by Joe Meek in 1959. In the United Kingdom, a blue plaque is a permanent sign installed in a public place to commemorate a link between that location and a famous person or event Sex Pistols singer John Lydon (Johnny Rotten) claims to have been born and raised in side-street Benwell Road,[46] although no documentary evidence survives of this. The Sex Pistols are an English Punk rock band that formed in London in 1975 John Joseph Lydon (born 31 January 1956 in London England also known as Johnny Rotten, is a British Rock musician best known as lead vocalist for the Punk The road also features heavily as the home of a fictionalised Meek in Jake Arnott's The Long Firm trilogy, and was the setting for George and Weedon Grossmith's Diary of a Nobody. George Grossmith (9 December 1847 &ndash 1 March 1912 was an English Comedian, Writer, Composer, Actor, and singer Walter Weedon Grossmith (better known as simply Weedon Grossmith; 9 June 1854 &ndash 14 June 1919) was an English writer Diary of a Nobody, an English comic Novel written by George Grossmith and illustrated by his brother Weedon, first appeared in
Railway stations on Holloway Road
As one of London's primary transport routes during the 19th century railway boom, Holloway Road contains a number of railway stations.
Highbury Corner is the site of Highbury & Islington station, one of London's most important transport interchanges. Highbury & Islington station is a National Rail, London Overground and London Underground station in the London Borough of Islington in North The Victoria Line, Great Northern & City Railway (now part of First Capital Connect) and North London Line converge at this location. Victoria Line train leaving depotjpg|thumb|right|300px|1967 Stock train leaving Northumberland Park Depot]] The Victoria line is part of the London Underground Connections The majority of the stations on the line provide connections with one or more Underground or Network Rail lines Finsbury Park First Capital Connect (FCC is a passenger train operating company in England that began operations on the National Rail network on 1 April 2006 The North London Line is a railway line in roughly a circular arc which ran through the inner suburbs of north London, England from Richmond From 2010 it will also be the northern terminus of the East London Line. The East London Line was a line of the London Underground, coloured orange on the Tube map. [47]
The huge station building was badly damaged by a V-1 flying bomb in 1944 and never rebuilt. The Fieseler Fi 103, better known as V-1 (German Vergeltungswaffe 1 was an early Cruise missile used during World War Two The remainder of the building was demolished in 1966 in preparation for the construction of the Victoria Line;[48] the only surface building is a small entrance hall, set back from the main road and hidden from view behind a post office.
Holloway Road tube station opened with the Piccadilly Line in 1906,[49] next door to an existing Great Northern Railway main line station[50] built in 1852. Holloway Road is a station on the London Underground. It is on the Piccadilly Line between Caledonian Road and Arsenal stations and in The Piccadilly line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark Blue on the Tube map. The Great Northern Railway (GNR was a British railway company established by the London & York Railway Act of 1846 The main line station closed in 1915. [51] Although Holloway Road is the nearest station to the Emirates Stadium, trains do not stop here on match days due to concerns about overcrowding. The Emirates Stadium is a football stadium located on Ashburton Grove in Holloway, North London, and the home of Arsenal Football Club since [52]
Upper Holloway railway station was built in 1868 as part of the Tottenham & Hampstead Junction Railway. Upper Holloway railway station is in Holloway, North London, near Archway (N19 [53] It is served by trains on the Gospel Oak to Barking Line, which now forms part of the London Overground network. The Gospel Oak – Barking Line is a Railway line in north and east London which connects Gospel Oak in North London and Barking in East London London Overground (LO is a Commuter rail service in London UK.
Archway tube station is not actually situated on Holloway Road, but approximately 10 m off the main road on Junction Road, underneath the architecturally striking Archway Tower. Archway tube station is a London Underground station in north London, underneath the Archway Tower, at the intersection of Holloway Road, Junction Road (designated the A400 is a road in north London between Archway tube station (at the top of Holloway Road) and Tufnell Park tube The Archway Tower, at 2 Junction Road Archway, London, is a office building built over Archway tube station and was completed in 1963 Originally known as "Highgate", it was the original northern terminus of the Charing Cross, Euston & Hampstead Railway and until 1940 was the northern terminus of the Northern Line. The Northern line is a deep-level tube line on the London Underground, coloured black on the Tube map.
Archway Road
After the Archway roundabout, the A1 veers away from the historic Great North Road route into a cutting, and becomes Archway Road. The traditional Great North Road at this point heads up a very steep hill to the village of Highgate before passing back down on the northern side. Highgate is a suburb of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath. By the early 19th century, this was proving unsuitable for increasingly heavy traffic, and the new Archway Road, crossing the hill at a shallower gradient, was authorised in 1810, financed by tolls. In Vector calculus, the gradient of a Scalar field is a Vector field which points in the direction of the greatest rate of increase of the scalar A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards The tolls were abolished in 1876 and traffic increased substantially thereafter, particularly after the introduction of trams on the road. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train [54] In 1970 the road was substantially widened from the Archway roundabout to a point just north of the Hornsey Lane Bridge (see below). It was originally intended to widen the length of the road, but a successful protest campaign led to the widening being abandoned; this is generally considered the first successful road protest in the UK. Road protest in the United Kingdom usually occurs as a reaction to a stated intention by the empowered authorities to build a new Road, or to modify an existing [55]
The road passes north in cutting in a short dual carriageway through Highgate Hill and under Hornsey Lane before narrowing back to a single carriageway and passing through the eastern end of Haringey. In Civil engineering, a cutting or cut is where part of a hill or mountain is cut out to make way for a road or rail line A dual carriageway or divided highway is a road or Highway in which the two directions of traffic are separated by a central barrier or strip of land known as a Single carriageway is the British designation for the most common type of Road; one with no physical separation ( Central reservation) between The London Borough of Haringey (ˈhærɪŋgeɪ) is a Borough of North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by It then veers northeast, crossing the original route of the Great North Road at a point just west of Highgate Wood. Highgate Wood is a 70 acre (28 hectare area of ancient woodland in North London, lying between East Finchley, Highgate Village and Muswell Hill
With the influx of Jews to London in the early 20th century, Archway Road became a focal point of London's Jewish community. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Highgate Synagogue opened in 1930 at 88 Archway Road, and moved to 200 Archway Road in 1950. [56]
While Archway Road is an important shopping street, it lacks the large supermarkets and superstores of Holloway Road, and instead retains long rows of small specialist shops. [57]
The large Jackson's Lane Centre, built in a large converted church near the peak of the hill, is one of north London's leading community arts venues. [58]
Hornsey Lane Bridge
During Thomas Telford's construction of Archway Road, it was originally intended that it would pass through Highgate Hill in tunnel. Thomas Telford (9 August 1757 - 2 September 1834 was born in Westerkirk, Scotland. A tunnel is an underground passageway The definition of what constitutes a tunnel is not universally agreed upon However, the tunnel collapsed, leaving an inadvertent cutting through the hill. In Civil engineering, a cutting or cut is where part of a hill or mountain is cut out to make way for a road or rail line In 1813, John Nash built a bridge, known as the Archway, to carry the ancient Hornsey Lane over the cutting. John Nash may refer to John Forbes Nash (born 1928 American mathematician Nobel laureate subject of the book and film titled A Beautiful Mind [59] Between 1897 and 1900, Nash's bridge was replaced with the present cast-iron structure, officially called the "Hornsey Lane Bridge" but locally known as Suicide Bridge. [60] Suicide Bridge is, as the name would suggest, one of the world's most significant locations for suicides, and is the only significant suicide bridge to pass over land rather than water. This article is about bridges used to commit suicide For Suicide Bridge in London see A1 road (London A suicide bridge is a Bridge It was the subject of Johnny Burke's 2006 film The Bridge. [61] As one of the locations in London most associated with depression and mental illness, Suicide Bridge was the venue for the mental illness campaign group Mad Pride's inaugural vigil. [62]
The bridge is accessible from the Archway Road level by a steep flight of steps and as one of the highest points in London, it offers impressive views over London and is a popular spot for photographers.
Hornsey Lane Bridge marks the boundary between Islington and Haringey, and consequently the official boundary between Inner London and Outer London. The London Borough of Islington ( is a London borough in North and Inner London. The London Borough of Haringey (ˈhærɪŋgeɪ) is a Borough of North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by Inner London is the name for the group of London boroughs which form the interior part of Greater London and are surrounded by Outer London. Outer London is the name for the group of London Boroughs that form a ring around Inner London. Although technically the boundary runs down the centre of the bridge, in practice the bridge is treated as part of Haringey and the land beneath it as part of Islington. For historic reasons, the bridge itself is owned and maintained by the City of London Corporation. The City of London Corporation (formerly known as the Corporation of London)is the municipal governing body of the City of London.
Highgate Station & the Northern Heights scheme
Although Highgate tube station is today a minor stop on the Northern Line, under the Northern Heights project, part of the New Works Programme of the 1930s, it was to have become a major transport interchange. Highgate tube station is a London Underground station on Archway Road, Highgate, not far from Highgate Village in north London. The Northern line is a deep-level tube line on the London Underground, coloured black on the Tube map. Highgate tube station is a London Underground station on Archway Road, Highgate, not far from Highgate Village in north London. The Northern line is a deep-level tube line on the London Underground, coloured black on the Tube map. The Northern line is a deep-level tube line on the London Underground, coloured black on the Tube map. The "New Works Programme 1935 - 1940" was the major investment programme delivered by the London Passenger Transport Board (LPTB commonly known as London Transport Only the low-level Northern Line station is now in use; however, Charles Holden's abandoned & derelict high-level interchange station remains standing and can be seen from the footpath parallel to Archway Road leading north from the station entrance. Charles Henry Holden (12 May 1875 - 1 May 1960 was an English architect best known for his designs of some of the 1920s and 1930s stations on the London Underground railway [63] On a clear day, the outlines of the London Underground roundel can still be seen on the brickwork of the station platforms. A roundel in Heraldry is any circular shape in military use it is an Emblem of nationality employed on military aircraft and air force flags generally round and The abandoned railway lines south to Finsbury Park and north to Muswell Hill were converted to pathways in the 1970s, and remain open today as the "Parkland Walk". Muswell Hill is a suburb of north London, mostly in the London Borough of Haringey. Parkland Walk is a linear green walkway in north London, England, which follows the course of the railway which used to run between Finsbury Park [64]
Aylmer Road
At the northern end of Archway Road, the road re-intersects with the traditional Great North Road route (at this point called "North Hill"). The roads almost immediately re-diverge, with the Great North Road route heading north as the A1000 towards Finchley, Whetstone and Barnet and the A1 heading west as Aylmer Road. The A1000 is a main road in the United Kingdom, running north from Highgate, North London for approximately 20 miles to Welwyn where it Finchley is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, London, England. Whetstone is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, bearing the postcode N20. High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet in North London, England. The two routes do not meet again until they converge at Hatfield, well to the north of London. Hatfield, originally Bishop's Hatfield, is in the Welwyn Hatfield district of Hertfordshire, in the south of England. [65]
Aylmer Road is a very short stretch of road, running east for less than half a mile between the junction with the A1000 in Haringey to the junction with The Bishop's Avenue in Barnet, where it turns northwest and becomes Lyttelton Road. The London Borough of Haringey (ˈhærɪŋgeɪ) is a Borough of North London, classified by some definitions as part of Inner London, and by The Bishops Avenue in the London Borough of Barnet is one of London 's most exclusive residential thoroughfares The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. The entire southern side of the road is taken up by Highgate Golf Course, while the northern side is a mixture of small shops, flats and allotments. Allotment gardens are characterised by a concentration in one place of a few or up to several hundreds of land parcels that are assigned to individual families [66]
The road is named for General Sir Fenton John Aylmer, VC KCB,[67] British commander at the Siege of Kut in World War I. Sir Fenton John Aylmer 13th Baronet VC KCB ( 5 April 1862, Hastings Sussex &ndash 3 September 1935 The Siege of Kut was a major battle of World War I. It was part of the Mesopotamian Campaign (in what is now Iraq) World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All He received the Victoria Cross for his part in the assault on Nilt Fort on 2 December 1891. See below the section "Separate Commonwealth awards" Note that since Nilt is a town in Gilgit District in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common [68]
The Bishop's Avenue
Immediately before becoming Lyttelton Road, Aylmer Road crosses The Bishop's Avenue. As with much of the surrounding area, this land was owned by the Bishop of London following a land grant in 704. The Bishop of London is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. In 1894, the Church let building plots for construction of homes on the road. In the 20th century much of the land was sold by the Church, which now only owns one house on the road (46 The Bishop's Avenue) and a nearby residential home. Assisted living residences or assisted living facilities (ALFs provide supervision or assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs coordination of services by outside [69]
Despite the relatively modest character of the surrounding area, this small 66-house street (and the parallel Winnington Road) have become the most expensive residential area in the world. [70] In 2006, the smallest houses in the street were selling for £5 million ($10 million), while a larger house was sold in the same year for £50 million ($100 million). Ten of the houses are owned by the House of Saud, whilst other notable owners of houses on the street include controversial businessman & fraudster Gerald Ronson,[71] pornography & newspaper magnate Richard Desmond (owner of two houses)[72] and billionaire industrialist Lakshmi Mittal. The House of Saud ( Arabic: آل سعود romanized Āl Suʿūd is the Royal family of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Gerald Maurice Ronson (born 27 May 1939 is a Jewish British business tycoon and philanthropist, and became known in the UK as one of the " Guinness Richard Clive Desmond (born 8 December, 1951) is a British Publisher, current owner of Express Newspapers and founder of Northern and Shell A billionaire is a person who has a Net worth of at least one billion units of currency such as United States dollars ( USD /US$ U Lakshmi Mittal (or Lakshmi Narayan Mittal, लक्ष्मि नारायण मित्तल born 15 June 1950 is a London -based Indian [73]
The road was repeatedly mentioned in Elton John's 1988 reworking of Give Peace a Chance ("Why not talk about Bishop's Avenue/I've got a lovely house on Bishop's Avenue"). Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer " Give Peace a Chance " is a song written by John Lennon and originally credited to Lennon/McCartney (John Lennon and Paul McCartney) [74]
Lyttelton Road
After crossing the Bishop's Avenue, the A1 becomes Lyttelton Road. Lyttelton Road was built in 1931 in an attempt to divert traffic away from the congested suburb of Finchley,[70] and runs east-west along the northern foot of Highgate Hill between Hampstead Garden Suburb and East Finchley. Finchley is a place in the London Borough of Barnet, London, England. Highgate is a suburb of North London on the north-eastern corner of Hampstead Heath. Hampstead Garden Suburb is an example of early 20th Century domestic architecture and Town planning located in the London Borough of Barnet in North West London East Finchley is a suburb of north London, built from the 1890s onwards situated north-west of Charing Cross.
Lyttelton Road is for the most part a nondescript residential road, characterised by large detached houses built with the road in the 1930s. [75] Due to high traffic on the road and consequent noise and pollution, the houses are set much further back from the road than is typical for English housing, leading to extremely wide pavements and verges in addition to large front gardens. House prices are far lower than on surrounding streets, with houses typically selling for around a tenth of the price of similarly-sized homes on the adjoining The Bishop's Avenue & Winnington Road. [76]
On the northern side of Lyttelton road stands the Belvedere Court block of flats. Built with the road in the 1930s, the building is now Grade II Listed as a leading example of 1930s architecture. A listed building in the United Kingdom is a building or other structure officially designated as being of special architectural historical or cultural significance [77]
Market Place
After passing playing fields to the south, Lyttelton Road crosses Kingsley Way and becomes Market Place.
As the name suggests, Market Place was formerly the site of a street market. Whilst no trace of the market now remains other than the name, this short stretch of road is still an important shopping district and the site of the local post office and library. A post office is a facility authorized by a Postal system for the posting receipt sorting handling transmission or delivery of Mail. A library is a collection of information sources resources and services and the structure in which it is housed it is organized for use and maintained by a public body an institution
Falloden Way
Immediately west of Market Place the A1 becomes Falloden Way, which runs west before turning northwest and converging with the North Circular Road.
Falloden Way was built between 1914 as part of a programme of planned extensions to Hampstead Garden Suburb[78] and runs on embankment due to a dip in the ground caused by the valley of Mutton Brook, which runs parallel to the road immediately to the south for its entire length. Hampstead Garden Suburb is an example of early 20th Century domestic architecture and Town planning located in the London Borough of Barnet in North West London To keep a Road or rail line straight and/or flat and where the comparative cost or practicality of alternate solutions (such as diversion is too prohibitive the land over In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is The north side of the road is occupied by 1930s housing blocks, whilst the southern side is occupied by a narrow strip of parkland following the brook, and by the northern tip of Big Wood & Little Wood (see below).
Falloden Way is a notoriously dangerous stretch of road. The layout of bus stops and misunderstanding/ignoring of rules regarding their use means buses are often forced to turn sharply out of the stops into fast moving traffic or to stop short of the bus stops presenting a hazard to other drivers. A bus stop is a designated place where a Public transport Bus stops for the purpose of allowing passengers to board or leave a bus [79] Additionally, the layout of pedestrian crossings mean a number of pedestrians attempt to run across the road rather than make their way to the inconveniently sited crossings. [80] In 2006 two bus stops were suspended from use due to the hazards caused by traffic having to cross onto the wrong carriageway to pass stopped buses. [81]
Henly's Corner
The western end of Falloden Way is dominated by the complicated Henly's Corner interchange. The A406 runs from the northeast to converge with the A1 from the southeast. The roads run concurrently to a junction with the A598 north-south road, known as Finchley Road to the south of the junction and Regents Park Road to the north (confusingly, as the road is nowhere near Regents Park). A concurrency, overlap, or coincidence in a road network is an instance of one physical road bearing two or more different Highway, Motorway List of A roads beginning with 5 in Great Britain starting north/east of the A5, west of the A6, south of the Solway Firth / Eden Estuary Finchley Road, an inner city main road which runs for about 7 kilometres/4 miles is one of the major thoroughfares of north London, England. For other meanings see Regent's Park (disambiguation Regent's Park (officially The Regent's Park) is one of the Royal Parks The roads continue as a concurrency to the west, past the enormous Finchley Synagogue before diverging; the A406 turns sharply south to parallel Dollis Brook to Brent Cross, while the A1 turns northwest as Great North Way. The Dollis Brook is a river running through North London. It rises on Moat Mount Open Space in Mill Hill in the London Borough of Barnet. Brent Cross (also known as Brent X in London is best known as the first shopping centre of its kind to be built in the UK. Seven smaller roads also meet the A1 along the Henly's Corner stretch of road, while a complex system of subways beneath the interchange connect the various pedestrian footways. In the United Kingdom and some Commonwealth countries (such as India, Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, and Singapore) the term
Due to concerns about the safety of the underpasses, a number of people prefer to cross at surface level, leading to a number of serious road traffic accidents at the junction. There has been a sustained campaign in recent years to replace the subways with pedestrian crossings[82] or footbridges. Crosswalk button neJPG|right|thumb|The button one pushes to activate the crosswalk signal A footbridge is a Bridge designed for Pedestrians and in some cases cyclists and horse riders, rather than vehicular Traffic [83]
Big Wood & Little Wood
Immediately south of Falloden Way are twin patches of woodland known as Big Wood and Little Wood. They are two of the few surviving remnants of the ancient woodland that once covered what is now north London. ‘ Ancient Woodland ’ is a term used in the United Kingdom to refer specifically to Woodland dating back to 1600 or before in England and Wales Big Wood covers a little over 7 hectares (70,000m²) while Little Wood covers around 2 hectares (20,000m²).
In 704 Wealdheri, Bishop of London was granted the land in the area by Tyrhtel, Bishop of Hereford. Waldherus (or Wealdheri or Wealdhere) was a medieval Bishop of London, England The Bishop of London is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of London in the Province of Canterbury. Thyrtell (or Tyrhtel or Tirhtullus) was a medieval Bishop of Hereford. The Bishop of Hereford is the Ordinary of the Church of England Diocese of Hereford in the Province of Canterbury. From the 8th century until 1933 the land continued to belong to the Bishop of London, the western edge of Big Wood marking the edge of the estate. At the time of the Domesday Book, the land was noted as being "capable of supporting 1000 pigs". The Domesday Book (ˈduːmzdeɪ bʊk also known as Domesday, or Book of Winchester) was the record of the great survey [84]
Over the years the forest was gradually cleared, leaving twin patches of isolated woodland. The exact dates are not known, but it is known that Big Wood and Little Wood were separated by fields by 1767.
In 1907, the woods became surrounded by the newly-built town of Hampstead Garden Suburb. Hampstead Garden Suburb is an example of early 20th Century domestic architecture and Town planning located in the London Borough of Barnet in North West London Ownership of the land was ceded by the Bishop of London to the newly created Municipal Borough of Finchley in 1933, which in 1965 passed to its successor, the London Borough of Barnet. Finchley was created an Urban district of Middlesex in 1894 In 1932 it was made a Municipal borough. The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. [85]
Big Wood is dominated by large oak trees. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin It also contains one of London's highest concentrations of Wild Service Trees, while the undergrowth is dominated by Ivy, Yellow Archangel, Common Bluebell and Guelder Rose. Sorbus torminalis ( Wild Service Tree) sometimes known as the Chequer(s Tree or Checker(s Tree, is a species of Sorbus Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping Evergreen woody plants in the family Lamiastrum galeobdolon, commonly known as Yellow Archangel, is a widespread wildflower in Europe and has been introduced elsewhere as a garden plant The Common Bluebell ( Hyacinthoides non-scripta, syn Endymion non-scriptus, Scilla non-scripta) is a spring -flowering Bulbous Viburnum opulus ( Guelder-rose, Water Elder, Cranberry Bush) is a species of Viburnum, native to Europe and As a relatively isolated patch of woodland, it attracts large numbers of birds now rarely seen in the rest of London, particularly Owls and Green Woodpeckers. The Owls are an order of birds of prey. Most are Solitary, and nocturnal, with some exceptions (e The Green Woodpecker ( Picus viridis, sometimes called Yaffle) is a member of the Woodpecker family Picidae. [86]
The nearby Little Wood, now separated from Big Wood by housing, is the site of the Garden Suburb Theatre, an open-air theatre built in 1920. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one [87]
The nearby Park Farm, on the opposite side of Falloden Way, was owned by circus proprietor "Lord" George Sanger between 1904 and Sanger's murder in 1911. A circus is most commonly a traveling company of performers that may include acrobats, Clowns trained animals trapeze acts Hoopers, tightrope walkers Prior to the construction of the Denman's Drive housing on the field between Little and Big Woods, the field was used for grazing elephants. [84]
Big Wood was declared a Local Nature Reserve in 1999, and is currently owned and managed by Barnet Council. A Local Nature Reserve or LNR is a Statutory designation made under Section 21 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 by principal The London Borough of Barnet ( is a London borough in North London and forms part of Outer London. The current gates to the wood on the western boundary are the Hampstead Garden Suburb war memorial and commemorate the 29 local residents who died in World War II. A war memorial is a building monument statue or other edifice to celebrate a War or victory or (predominating in modern times to commemorate those who died or were injured World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [88]
Great North Way
After the Henly's Corner interchange, the A1 turns northwest as Great North Way. The southern section of the road is mainly residential, whilst the northern stretch is dominated by Sunny Hill Park to the south and the sprawling fields of the Copthall Sports Centre to the north. The Copthall Sports Centre complex includes a large running stadium, a number of tennis courts, the ground of Hendon RFC, a full golf course, a Powerleague centre and, unusually, a large cemetery. Running is a means for an animal to move on Foot. It is defined in Sporting terms as a Gait in which at some point all feet are off the ground A modern stadium (plural stadiums or stadia in English is a place or venue for (mostly outdoor Sports Concerts or other events consisting A tennis court is where the game of Tennis is played It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the center Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short A golf course consists of a series of holes each consisting of a Teeing ground, Fairway, rough and other hazards and a green with a pin and cup all designed for A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. [89]
Finchley Synagogue
On the Great North Way side of the Henly's Corner interchange stands Finchley Synagogue. Popularly known as "Kinloss", after a nearby street, it is one of Europe's largest Orthodox synagogues, with seats for 1,350. Orthodox Judaism is the formulation of Judaism that adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of [90] While a synagogue has stood on the site since 1935, the current building dates from 1967. [91]
Watford Way
After passing the Copthall complex, the A1 meets the M1 motorway at Fiveways Corner. The M1 is a major south – north Motorway in England primarily connecting London to Leeds, where As most traffic leaves the A1 at this point to join the motorway, the road narrows north of this point. Immediately after passing Fiveways Corner, the A1 turns sharply north under the name of Watford Way.
Watford Way itself actually runs northwards from Brent Cross, well to the south. Brent Cross (also known as Brent X in London is best known as the first shopping centre of its kind to be built in the UK. However, that section south of Fiveways Corner is designated as part of the A41 and is not part of the A1. The A41 is a formerly-major Trunk road in England that links London and Birkenhead, although as stated below it has now largely been Between Fiveways Corner and Apex Corner (see below) the A1 and A41 overlap. A concurrency, overlap, or coincidence in a road network is an instance of one physical road bearing two or more different Highway, Motorway [92]
As the stretch of Watford Way north of Fiveways Corner was built as a bypass, and is also very close to the noisy and polluting M1, there is very little construction along this stretch of road. A bypass is a Road or Highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area town or village to let through Traffic flow without interference from
Apex Corner
At the northern end of Watford Way is the large Apex Corner roundabout. A roundabout is a type of Road junction at which Traffic enters a one-way stream around a central island The A1 and A41 separate, with the A1 turning to run straight north and the A41 turning west, while Selvage Lane runs southwest to Mill Hill and Marsh Lane runs northeast to Totteridge. Mill Hill is a place in the London Borough of Barnet. It is a suburb situated 9 miles (14 Totteridge is an area of the London Borough of Barnet in north London, England. Although Apex Corner is adjacent to the M1, there is no interchange with the motorway.
As the car parks of shops at Apex Corner overlook the Midland Main Line, the location is extremely popular with trainspotters. Parking lot (called a car park in Australia and the UK) is a cleared area that is more or less level and is intended for Parking vehicles The Midland Main Line is a major railway line in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. A railfan or rail buff ( American English) railway enthusiast or railway buff ( Australian / British English) or (often [93]
Barnet Way/Barnet Bypass
After passing Apex Corner, the A1 runs north and out of London as Barnet Way (also known as Barnet Bypass), built in the 1920s to divert traffic away from Barnet. High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet in North London, England. Although not technically a motorway at this point, the road runs as dual carriageway throughout and is treated as a motorway for most purposes.
After passing Scratchwood (see below), the A1 heads north, skirting the towns of Barnet and Elstree, before turning northeast and running through open countryside to Bignell's Corner. Elstree is a Village in the Hertsmere borough of Hertfordshire on the A5, north of London. Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time
The "Thatched Barn" on the Barnet Bypass is reported to have been a secret Special Operations Executive base during World War II. The Thached Barn was a two-story mock-Tudor hotel built in the 1930s on the Barnet by-pass in Borehamwood, that was bought by holiday camp founder Billy Butlin, before The Special Operations Executive ( SOE) (sometimes referred to as "the Baker Street Irregulars " after Sherlock Holmes ' fictional group of helpers World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [94] This has still to be officially confirmed.
The Barnet Bypass was also the location of the last Metropolitan Police Police box in use (prior to the reintroduction of a single new box in Earl's Court in 1996). "Metropolitan Police" redirects here See also Metropolitan police. A police box was in 20th century Britain, a special type of Telephone kiosk or Callbox for use by members of the Police, or for Earls Court, a district in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in London, England. [95] The box was taken out of use in 1981, seriously inconveniencing the filming of Logopolis which required a functioning police box as a key element and was intended to be filmed at the spot. Logopolis is a serial in the British Science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast in four weekly [96]
Moat Mount & Scratchwood
Just north of Apex Corner, the road passes the 140 acre (570,000m²) Moat Mount open space on the east of the A1. This large Victorian park is a popular camping and walking spot for north Londoners. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Definition Camping describes a range of activities Survivalist campers set off with little more than their boots whereas Recreational vehicle travelers arrive equipped [97] A large camping and outdoor activity complex for schools, youth groups and probation services was opened in 1997,[98] while Nan Clark's Lane, running through the park, is supposedly haunted. Outdoor activities usually mean activities done in nature away from civilization such as Hill walking, Trekking, Canoeing, Running A school (from Greek σχολεῖον - scholeion) is an Institution designed to allow and encourage Students (or "pupils" See also Youth The following is a List of youth organizations; all organizations are international unless noted as associated with a specific country Probation is the suspension of all or part of a jail sentence the Criminal who is "on probation" has been convicted of a crime but instead of serving jail [99]
On the western side of the A1 opposite Moat Mount is the ancient forest of Scratchwood. Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier In recent years, Scratchwood Service Station and the surrounding forest has become a popular spot for dogging. A rest area, travel plaza, rest stop, or service area is a public facility located next to a large thoroughfare such as a Highway, Expressway Dogging is a British Euphemism for engaging in sexual acts in a semi-public place (typically a secluded car park or a cinema or watching others doing so [100]
Bignell's Corner
At Bignell's Corner the A1 meets the M25 motorway at a large roundabout. To see information about the M25 motorway under construction in Ireland, see N25 road. North of Bignell's Corner the A1 becomes the A1(M) motorway, and rejoins the historic Great North Road route, running north to Edinburgh. Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. For information on the A1 outside of London, see the main A1 road article.
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- ^ History of the Barbican Estate. City of London Corporation. Retrieved on 2007-05-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
- ^ History of the Church. The Methodist Church of Great Britain (2007). Retrieved on 2007-05-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
- ^ Goswell Road. Golden Lane Estate. Retrieved on 2007-05-10. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England.
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- ^ Croot, Patricia (1985). "Islington Introduction". A History of the County of Middlesex 8: 1–3. British History Online.
- ^ Radford, Peter (2004-05-02), “The Time a Land Forgot”, The Guardian, <http://sport.guardian.co.uk/athletics/comment/0,10083,1207844,00.html>
- ^ The first four-minute mile. Peter Frank Radford (born 20 September, 1939 in Walsall) is a former British athlete who competed at 100 & 200 metres (109 & 218 yardsHe East London History (2004). Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
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- ^ Croot, Patricia (1985). "Islington Communications". A History of the County of Middlesex 8: 3–8. British History Online.
- ^ Places of Note. London Borough of Islington. Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
- ^ London Underground Statistics. Tube Prune (2003-04-21). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Retrieved on 2007-05-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople
- ^ Tube Ski Stunt Blasted by Police. BBC (2007-03-28). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ 1811-Medieval Origins. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Local Area. City University. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Islington. My Islington. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ 1811: The church as focal point. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Richardson, John. History of Islington. My Islington. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Croot, Patricia (1985). "Islington Growth - Canonbury". A History of the County of Middlesex 8: 19–20. British History Online.
- ^ History of Magic Knight's Tours. Knight's Tour Notes. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ 2001: Restaurant culture. BBC. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Happold, Tom & Maguire, Kevin (2003-06-06), “Revealed: Brown and Blair's Pact”, The Guardian, <http://politics.guardian.co.uk/labour/story/0,,971669,00.html>
- ^ History of the Mall Antiques Arcade. The Mall, Islington. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Authors & Illustrators. London Borough of Islington. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Maul, Mathias (1994-03-12). Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving The Ultra-Complete Index to the Hitch Hiker's Guide to the Galaxy. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ The Company. Hotblack Desiato (2002). Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ The Hope and Anchor. Bugbear Bookings. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Corby, Chris (2004-03). Angel Town Centre Strategy. London Borough of Islington. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Radical Bookshop History. Five Leaves Publications. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Marut, Ret (2006-10-30). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Unwaged fightback - A history of Islington Action Group of the Unwaged - 1980-86. Libcom. org. Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ Reclaim the Streets II. Urban75 (2003). Retrieved on 2007-05-12. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.
- ^ History. London Metropolitan University. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Libeskind, Daniel (2003). Daniel Libeskind, (born May 12 1946 in Łódź, Poland) is an American Architect, Artist, and Set designer of London Metropolitan University Graduate Centre. Daniel Libeskind. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ The National Union of Students. The Guardian. Retrieved on 2007-05-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
- ^ CND National Contacts. Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Retrieved on 2007-05-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and
- ^ Croot, Patricia (1985). "Islington Growth: Holloway and Tollington". A History of the County of Middlesex 8: 29–37. British History Online.
- ^ Illegal Cigarettes Campaign at Nags Head on Holloway Road. Smoke Free Islington (2006-12-11). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Abbott, Richard (2002-04-14), “Dedicated Followers Of Kinks' London”, Mail on Sunday
- ^ The Building. St Mary Magdalene's Church. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Telstar: The satellite and the song. Retro Future. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Lydon, John; Zimmerman, Keith and Zimmerman, Kent (2003). John Joseph Lydon (born 31 January 1956 in London England also known as Johnny Rotten, is a British Rock musician best known as lead vocalist for the Punk Rotten: No Irish, No Blacks, No Dogs. London: Plexus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0859653412.
- ^ East London Railway. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Mitchell, Vic; Smith, Keith (1997). North London Line. Midhurst: Middleton Press. ISBN 1 873793 944.
- ^ Croome, Desmond F (1998). The Piccadilly Line. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport Publishing. ISBN 185414 192 9.
- ^ Leboff, David; Demuth, Tim (1999). No Need To Ask!. Harrow Weald: Capital Transport Publishing. ISBN 185414 215 1.
- ^ Holloway & Caledonian Road. Abandoned Tube Stations. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Get to Emirates Stadium. Arsenal F. C. (2006-08-03). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.
- ^ Hornby, Frank (1995). London Commuter Lines: Main lines north of the Thames. Kettering: Silver Link. ISBN 1 85794 115 2.
- ^ "Hornsey, Including Highgate: Communications" (1980). A History of the County of Middlesex 6: 103–107. British History Online.
- ^ Stewart, John (2005-05). A Road Can be Stopped!. Road Block. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Croot, Patricia (1985). "Islington Judaism". A History of the County of Middlesex 8: 117. British History Online.
- ^ Archway Road. London Online. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ About Us. Jackson's Lane Centre. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Marsh, Majia; Marsh, Brian (2002-02-10). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead Victorian Observations. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Event Queue. NTKnow (2000-07-07). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Special Screenings. Rio Cinema (2006-04). Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Dellar, Rob (2002). Believing in Bedlam. Asylum Online. Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Connor, J. E. (1997). Finsbury Park to Alexandra Palace. Midhurst: Middleton Press. ISBN 1 901706 02 8.
- ^ The Parkland Walk, London, UK. h2g2. h2g2 is a collaborative online encyclopedia project engaged in the construction of in its own words "an unconventional guide to life the universe and everything" bbc.co.uk (2006-12-22). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Retrieved on 2007-05-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the
- ^ Merrington, Oliver (2002-05). The Present A1 in London. Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Environment. London Borough of Haringey (2007-01-31). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ 150th Anniversary of the Victoria Cross. Norvic Philatelics (2006-09-21). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Napier, Col G. W. A. (1998). The Sapper VCs. Museum of the Royal Engineers. ISBN 0 117728 35 7.
- ^ "Finchley Manors" (1980). A History of the County of Middlesex 6: 55–59. British History Online.
- ^ a b Character Appraisal: The Bishop's Avenue. London Borough of Barnet (1999-02-01). Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Verdin, Mike. "Guinness Four fail in fight for acquittal", BBC, 2001-12-21. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Walsh, Conal (2006-04-30), “Down on Billionaire's Row...”, The Observer, <http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,1764383,00.html>
- ^ Kamal, Ahmed & Barnett, Anthony, Morgan, Oliver and Connolly, Kate (2002-02-17), “Labour's steel king backs US, not UK”, The Observer, <http://observer.guardian.co.uk/politics/story/0,,651619,00.html>
- ^ John, Elton; Lennon/McCartney. Give Peace a Chance. Northern Songs Ltd/Elton John. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ London N2 Guidebook. Find a Property. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ Street Prices by Locality. Property House (2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ Index of Listed Buildings. London Borough of Barnet. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ Walk the Capital Ring. London Borough of Haringey. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ “Dangerous bus stops on Falloden Way; impatient drivers should heed the Highway Code”, Hendon & Finchley Times, 2007-05-09, <http://www.hendontimes.co.uk/news/letters/display.var.1385832.0.dangerous_bus_stops_on_falloden_way_impatient_drivers_should_heed_the_highway_code.php>
- ^ Siva, Andy (2001). Golders Green Road to Falloden Way Safety & Pedestrian Improvements. Transport for London Street Management. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ Dysch, Marcus (2007-04-25), “'Danger' bus stops on A1 get safety makeover thanks to TfL”, This Is Local London, <http://www.thisislocallondon.co.uk/whereilive/edgware/display.var.1353037.0.danger_bus_stops_on_a1_get_safety_makeover_thanks_to_tfl.php>
- ^ Subject Questions to the Mayor. Greater London Authority (2005). Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ Petitions. Greater London Authority (2007-04-25). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Retrieved on 2007-05-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason.
- ^ a b Gregory, Colin (1998). The Early History of the Suburb. Hampstead Garden Suburb. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ Big Wood. London Borough of Barnet.
- ^ London Wildweb: Big Wood and Little Wood. Greater London Authority. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ “Big Wood and Little Wood Trails”, Barnet & Potters Bar Times, 2002-03-04, <http://www.barnettimes.co.uk/archive/display.var.54153.0.big_wood_and_little_wood_trails.php>
- ^ Nature Reserves. London Borough of Barnet. Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
- ^ London NW4 Guidebook. Find a Property. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ McConnell, Sara (2006-09-01), “Your guide to Jewish London”, The Times, <http://travel.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/travel/destinations/england/article622569.ece>
- ^ "Finchley Judaism" (1980). A History of the County of Middlesex 6: 91.
- ^ (2002) A-Z London. Sevenoaks: Geographer's A-Z Map Company Ltd. ISBN 1 84348 020 4.
- ^ Dawson, Albert (2004-01-03). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Apex Corner Southbound. Trainspots. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ Moss, Richard. Exploding Rats and Secret Cellars. 24 Hour Museum. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ History of the Police Box. policeboxes. com. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ Sibley, Anthony. The Barry Newbery Box. The TARDIS Library. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ Scratchwood and Moat Mount Local Nature Reserve. Hertfordshire County Council. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ About Us. Moat Mount. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ Moat Mount Walk. Transport for London. Retrieved on 2007-05-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine.
- ^ Spender, Tom (2004-03-11), “Sex and Danger”, Barnet & Potters Bar Times, <http://www.barnettimes.co.uk/features/newsfeatures/display.var.468598.0.news_analysis_sex_and_danger.php>
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