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Alan Alexander Milne

Born January 18, 1882(1882-01-18)
Hampstead, London, England
Died January 31, 1956 (aged 74)
Hartfield, Sussex, England
Occupation Novelist, playwright, poet

Alan Alexander Milne (pronounced /ˈmɪln/) (January 18, 1882 – January 31, 1956) was an English author, best known for his books about the teddy bear Winnie-the-Pooh and for various children's poems. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hartfield is a Civil parish in East Sussex, England. Settlements within the parish include the village of Hartfield Coleman's Hatch Hammerwood and Holtye Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created A Book is a set or collection of written printed illustrated or blank sheets made of Paper, Parchment, or other material usually fastened together The teddy bear is a stuffed Toy Bear. It is an enduring traditional form of a Stuffed animal, often serving the purpose of comforting children Winnie-the-Pooh, commonly shortened to Pooh Bear and once referred to as Edward Bear, is a fictional Bear created by A Milne was a noted writer, primarily as a playwright, before the huge success of Pooh overshadowed all his previous work.

Contents

Biography

A. A. Milne was born in Hampstead, London, England and grew up at Henley House School, 6/7 Mortimer Road (now Crescent), Kilburn, London, a small independent school run by his father, John V. Hampstead is an area of London, England, located north-west of Charing Cross. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. An independent school is a school which is not dependent upon national or local Government for financing its operation and is instead operated by tuition charges gifts and Milne. One of his teachers was H. G. Wells who taught there in 1889-90. Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political [1] Milne attended Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge where he studied on a mathematics scholarship. The Royal College of St Peter in Westminster, almost always known as Westminster School, is one of Britain 's leading boys' Independent schools with Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and A scholarship is an award of access to an institution or a financial aid award for an individual student scholar for the purpose of furthering their Education While there, he edited and wrote for Granta, a student magazine. Granta is a literary magazine and publisher in the United Kingdom. He collaborated with his brother Kenneth and their articles appeared over the initials AKM. Milne's work came to the attention of the leading British humour magazine Punch, where Milne was to become a contributor and later an assistant editor. Punch was a British weekly Magazine of Humour and Satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002

Milne joined the British Army in World War I and served as an officer in the Royal Warwickshire Regiment and later, after a debilitating illness, the Royal Corps of Signals. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Royal Warwickshire Fusiliers, previously titled the 6th Regiment of Foot and The Royal Warwickshire Regiment, was an Infantry Regiment of The Royal Corps of Signals (often simply known as the Royal Signals is one of the combat support arms of the British Army. After the war, he wrote a denunciation of war titled Peace With Honour (1934), which he retracted somewhat with 1940's War With Honour. During World War II, Milne was one of the most prominent critics of English humour writer P. G. Wodehouse, who was captured at his country home in France by the Nazis and imprisoned for a year. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Sir Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, KBE (15 October 1881 – 14 February 1975 (ˈwʊdhaʊs was an English Comic novelist who enjoyed enormous popular success This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Wodehouse made radio broadcasts about his internment, which were broadcast from Berlin. Although the lighthearted broadcasts made fun of the Germans, Milne accused Wodehouse of committing an act of near treason by cooperating with his country's enemy. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. Wodehouse got some revenge on his former friend by creating fatuous parodies of the Christopher Robin poems in some of his later stories, and claiming that Milne "was probably jealous of all other writers. . . . But I loved his stuff. "[2]

During World War II, A. A. Milne was Captain of the Home Guard in Hartfield & Forest Row, insisting on being plain 'Mr. The British Home Guard (initially "Local Defence Volunteers" or LDV, or in slang Look-Duck-Vanish, hence the name change was a defence Milne' to the members of his platoon.

He married Dorothy "Daphne" de Sélincourt in 1913, and their only son, Christopher Robin Milne, was born in 1920. Christopher Robin Milne (21 August 1920 &ndash 20 April 1996 was the son of author Alan Alexander Milne and Dorothy de Sélincourt. In 1925, A. A. Milne bought a country home, Cotchford Farm, in Hartfield, East Sussex. Hartfield is a Civil parish in East Sussex, England. Settlements within the parish include the village of Hartfield Coleman's Hatch Hammerwood and Holtye East Sussex is a county in South East England. It is bordered by the counties of Kent, Surrey and West Sussex, and to the He retired to the farm after a stroke and brain surgery in 1952 left him an invalid and by August 1953 "he seemed very old and disenchanted". [3] Cotchford Farm was where the Rolling Stones' lead guitarist Brian Jones would later live and be found drowned in 1969. Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969 was a founding member and Guitarist of the English Rock group The Rolling Stones. Cotchford Farm has since been demolished, due to the excessive maintenance and repair costs, and a new house built on the site.

Literary career

1903 to 1925

After graduating from Cambridge in 1903, A. A. Milne contributed humorous verse and whimsical essays to the British humour magazine Punch,[4][5] joining the staff in 1906 and becoming an assistant editor. [6].

During this period he published 18 plays and 3 novels, including the murder mystery The Red House Mystery (1922). The Red House Mystery is a " Whodunit " Mystery novel by A His son was born in August 1920 and in 1924 Milne produced a collection of children poems When We Were Very Young, which were illustrated by Punch staff cartoonist E. H. Shepard. When We Were Very Young is a book by A A Milne containing forty-four Poems. Ernest Howard Shepard ( December 10, 1879 – March 24, 1976) was an English Artist and book Illustrator. A collection of short stories for children Gallery of Children and other stories that became part of the Winnie-the-Pooh books were first published in 1925.

Looking back on this period (in 1926) Milne observed that when he told his agent that he was going to write a detective story, he was told that what the country wanted was from a "Punch humorist" was a humorous story; when two years later he said he was writing nursery rhymes, his agent and publisher were convinced he should write another detective story; and after another two years he was being told that writing a detective story would be in the worst of taste given the demand for children's books. He concluded that "the only excuse which I have yet discovered for writing anything is that I want to write it; and I should be as proud to be delivered of a Telephone Directory con amore as I should be ashamed to create a Blank Verse Tragedy at the bidding of others. "[7]

1926 to 1928

Milne is most famous for his two Pooh books about a boy named Christopher Robin, after his son, and various characters inspired by his son's stuffed animals, most notably the bear named Winnie-the-Pooh. Christopher Robin is a character created by A A Milne. After the rights were sold he has subsequently appeared in Disney cartoons Winnie-the-Pooh, commonly shortened to Pooh Bear and once referred to as Edward Bear, is a fictional Bear created by A Christopher Robin's bear, originally named "Edward",[8] was renamed "Winnie-the-Pooh" after a Canadian black bear named Winnie (after Winnipeg), which was used as a military mascot in World War I, and left to London Zoo during the war. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The American Black Bear ( Ursus americanus) is the most common Bear Species native to North America. Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population ZSL London Zoo is the world's oldest scientific Zoo. It was opened in London on April 27 1828, and was originally intended to be used "The pooh" comes from a swan called "Pooh". E. H. Shepard illustrated the original Pooh books, using his own son's teddy, Growler ("a magnificent bear"), as the model. Ernest Howard Shepard ( December 10, 1879 – March 24, 1976) was an English Artist and book Illustrator. Christopher Robin Milne's own toys are now under glass in New York. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

Winnie-the-Pooh was published in 1926, followed by The House at Pooh Corner in 1928. Winnie-the-Pooh (1926 is the first volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh, by A The House at Pooh Corner (1928 is the second volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh, by A A second collection of nursery rhymes Now We Are Six was published in 1927. Now We Are Six is a book of thirty-five children's verses by A All three books were illustrated by E. H. Shepard. Milne also published four plays in this period. He also "gallantly stepped forward" to contribute a quarter of the costs of dramatising P. G. Wodehouse's A Damsel in Distress. [9]

1929 onwards

The overwhelming success of his children's books was to become a source of considerable annoyance to Milne, whose self-avowed aim was to write whatever he pleased, and who had, until then, found a ready audience for each change of direction: he had freed pre-war Punch from its ponderous facetiousness; he had made a considerable reputation as a playwright (like his idol J. M. Barrie) on both sides of the Atlantic; he had produced a witty piece of detective writing in The Red House Mystery (although this was severely criticised by Raymond Chandler for the implausibility of its plot). Sir James Matthew Barrie 1st Baronet OM ( 9 May, 1860 &ndash 19 June, 1937) more commonly known as J Raymond Thornton Chandler ( July 23, 1888 &ndash March 26, 1959) was an American Author of crime stories and novels Indeed, Milne's publisher was displeased when he announced his intention to write poems for children, and he had never lacked an audience.

But once Milne had, in his own words, "said goodbye to all that in 70,000 words" (the approximate length of his four principal children's books), he had no intention of producing a copy of a copy, given that one of the sources of inspiration, his son, was growing older.

His reception remained warmer in America than Britain, and he continued to publish novels and short stories, but by the late 1930s the audience for Milne's grown-up writing had largely vanished: he observed bitterly in his autobiography that a critic had said that the hero of his latest play ("God help it") was simply "Christopher Robin grown up. . . what an obsession with me children are become!".

Even his old literary home, Punch, where the When We Were Very Young verses had first appeared, was ultimately to reject him, as Christopher Milne details in his autobiography The Enchanted Places, although Methuen continued to publish whatever Milne wrote, including the long poem 'The Norman Church' and an assembly of articles entitled Year In, Year Out (which Milne likened to a benefit night for the author).

He also adapted Kenneth Grahame's novel The Wind in the Willows for the stage as Toad of Toad Hall. Kenneth Grahame ( March 8, 1859 – July 6, 1932) was a British Writer, most famous for The Wind in the Willows The Wind in the Willows is a classic of Children's literature by Kenneth Grahame, first published in 1908. Toad of Toad Hall is the first of several dramatisations of Kenneth Grahame 's The Wind in the Willows. The title was an implicit admission that such chapters as Chapter 7, The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, could not survive translation to the theatre. A special introduction written by Milne is included in some editions of Grahame's novel.

Several of Milne's children's poems were set to music by the composer Harold Fraser-Simson. Harold Fraser-Simson (15 August 1872 – 19 January 1944 was an English composer of light music including songs and the scores to musical comedies. His poems have been parodied many times, including with the books When We Were Rather Older and Now We Are Sixty.

After Milne's death, his widow sold the rights to the Pooh characters to the Walt Disney Company, which has made a number of Pooh cartoon movies, as well as a large amount of Pooh-related merchandise. She also destroyed his papers.

Royalties from the Pooh characters paid by Disney to the Royal Literary Fund, part-owner of the Pooh copyright, provide the income used to run the Fund's Fellowship Scheme, placing professional writers in U. The Royal Literary Fund is a benevolent fund set up to help published British writers in financial difficulties K. universities.

Works

Novels

Non-fiction

Punch articles

Selections of newspaper articles and introductions to books by others

Story collections for children

Poetry

Plays

Milne wrote over 25 plays, including:

Books on Pooh and Milne

Films

Michael and Mary was adapted to cinema in 1931. Michael and Mary was a 1931 film based on a short story by A A

References

  1. ^ "Hampstead: Education" (1989). A History of the County of Middlesex 9: 159–169.  
  2. ^ The Art of Fiction - P.G. Wodehouse (pdf). The Paris Review 18 (2005). Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  3. ^ Letter from John Middleton Murry to Beatrice Elvery. John Middleton Murry ( August 6, 1889 &ndash March 12, 1957) was an English Writer. Beatrice Moss Elvery (1881 Dublin &ndash 1970 Rockall Sandycove) was an Irish Stained-glass artist and painter. George Lazarus Collection (1953-08-12). Year 1953 ( MCMLIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Retrieved on 2008-06-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits
  4. ^ Milne, A. A. (August 1904). "Lillian's Loves". Punch, or the London Charivari 127 (August 24, 1904): 142. Punch was a British weekly Magazine of Humour and Satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002  
  5. ^ Milne, A. A. (November 1904). "Answers to [Fictional] Correspondents". Punch, or the London Charivari 127 (November 9, 1904): 333. Punch was a British weekly Magazine of Humour and Satire published from 1841 to 1992 and from 1996 to 2002  
  6. ^ A.A.Milne (html). Encyclopedia Brittanica Online. Retrieved on 2008-05-22. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus.
  7. ^ Milne, Alan Alexander [1922] (1926). "Introduction (dated April 1926)", The Red House Mystery (in English). The Red House Mystery is a " Whodunit " Mystery novel by A London: Methuen, ix-xii. Methuen Publishing Ltd is a British Publishing house and publishes in the areas of Theatre and Drama.  
  8. ^ Winnie-the-Pooh at the New York Public Library
  9. ^ Letter from P. G. Wodehouse dated 26 July 1928 at page 114 in P.G. Wodehouse: A Portrait of a Master by David A. Jasen (2002). ISBN 0825672759.
Persondata
NAME Milne, A. A.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Milne, Alan Alexander
SHORT DESCRIPTION Novelist, Playwright, Poet
DATE OF BIRTH January 18, 1882(1882-01-18)
PLACE OF BIRTH Scotland
DATE OF DEATH January 31, 1956
PLACE OF DEATH Hartfield, Sussex, England
Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hartfield is a Civil parish in East Sussex, England. Settlements within the parish include the village of Hartfield Coleman's Hatch Hammerwood and Holtye Sussex is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
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