Basic Latin alphabet
Aa Bb Cc Dd   Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv   Ww Xx Yy Zz

The letter A is the first letter in the Latin alphabet. B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is a^[1] (pronounced /eɪ/), plural A's, As, as, or a's. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States ^[2]

Contents 1 History 2 Usage 3 Codes for computing 4 See also 5 External references

History

The letter A can be traced to a pictogram of an ox head in Egyptian hieroglyph or the Proto-semitic alphabet. A pictogram ( also spelled pictogramme) or pictograph is a Symbol representing a Concept, object, activity place or event Oxen (singular ox) are Cattle trained as draft animals. Often they are adult castrated males Egyptian hieroglyphs (ˈhaɪərəʊɡlɪf from Greek grc-Grek ἱερογλύφος " sacred carving " also hieroglyphic = grc-Grek The Middle Bronze Age alphabets are two similar Undeciphered scripts dated to be from the Middle Bronze Age (2000-1500 BCE and believed to be ancestral ^[3]

Egyptian hieroglyph ox's head	Proto-Semitic ox's head	Phoenician aleph	Greek Alpha	Etruscan A	Roman A

Circa 1600 B. C. the Phoenician alphabet's letter had a linear form that served as the basis for some later forms. The Phoenician alphabet is a continuation of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, by convention taken to originate around 1050 BC Its name must have corresponded closely to the Hebrew aleph. The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף-בֵּית עִבְרִי alephbet ’ivri) consists of 22 letters used for writing the Hebrew language. is the reconstructed name of the first letter of the Proto-Canaanite alphabet, continued in descended Semitic alphabets as Phoenician

When the Ancient Greeks adopted the alphabet, they had no use for the glottal stop that the letter had denoted in Phoenician and other Semitic languages, so they used the sign for the vowel /a/, and changed its name to alpha. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca This article is about the sound in spoken language For the letter see Glottal stop (letter. Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called Pūt in Ancient Egyptian Canaan in Phoenician, Hebrew, and The Semitic languages are a Language family whose living representatives are spoken by more than 467 million people across much of the Middle East, Alpha (uppercase Α, lowercase α; Αλφα is the first letter of the Greek alphabet. In the earliest Greek inscriptions after the Greek Dark Ages, dating to the 8th century BC, the letter rests upon its side, but in the Greek alphabet of later times it generally resembles the modern capital letter, although many local varieties can be distinguished by the shortening of one leg, or by the angle at which the cross line is set. The Dark Ages (ca 1150 BC–800 BC refers to Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 11th century The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early

The Etruscans brought the Greek alphabet to their civilization in the Italian Peninsula and left the letter unchanged. Etruscan civilization is the modern English name given to the culture and way of life of a people of ancient Italy Th Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula (Penisola italiana or Penisola appenninica) is one of the three Peninsulas of Southern Europe The Romans later adopted the Etruscan alphabet to write Latin, and the resulting letter was preserved in the modern Latin alphabet used to write many languages, including English. Old Italic refers to several now extinct Alphabet systems used on the Italian Peninsula in ancient times for various Indo-European (predominantly Italic Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Blackletter A	Uncial A	Another Capital A
Modern Roman A	Modern Italic A	Modern Script A

The letter has two minuscule (lower-case) forms. Blackletter, also known as Gothic script or Gothic minuscule, was a script used throughout Western Europe from approximately 1150 Uncial is a Majuscule script commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek Scribes From the 8th century to the Lower case (also lower-case or lowercase) minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters as opposed to upper The form used in most current handwriting, and in italic type, consists of a circle and vertical stroke (ɑ), called Latin alpha or "script a". "Handwriting" redirects here For scripts for writing down notes by hand see " Cursive " In Typography, italic type /ɪˈtælɪk/ or /aɪˈtælɪk/ refers to cursive Typefaces based on a stylized form of calligraphic Handwriting. Latin alpha (Majuscule Ɑ, Minuscule ɑ) or script a is a letter of the Latin alphabet, based on one lowercase form of A, or on the Most printed material uses a form consisting of a small loop with an arc over it (a). Both derive from the majuscule (capital) form. In Greek handwriting, it was common to join the left leg and horizontal stroke into a single loop, as demonstrated by the Uncial version shown. Many fonts then made the right leg vertical. In some of these, the serif that began the right leg stroke developed into an arc, resulting in the printed form, while in others it was dropped, resulting in the modern handwritten form. Origins & etymology Serifs are thought to have originated in the Roman alphabet with inscriptional lettering —words carved into stone in Roman antiquity

Usage

In English, the letter "A" by itself usually denotes the near-open front unrounded vowel (/æ/) as in pad, the open back unrounded vowel (/ɑː/) as in father, or, in concert with a later orthographic vowel, the diphthong /eɪ/ (though the pronunciation varies with the dialect) as in ace and major, due to effects of the great vowel shift. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The open back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The Great Vowel Shift was a major change in the Pronunciation of the English language that took place in the south of England between 1200 and

In most other languages that use the Latin alphabet, the letter A denotes either an open back unrounded vowel (/ɑ/), or an open central unrounded vowel (/a/). The open back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet In the International Phonetic Alphabet, variants of the letter A denote various vowels. In Phonetics, a vowel is a Sound in spoken Language, such as English ah! or oh!, pronounced with an open Vocal tract In X-SAMPA, capital A denotes the open back unrounded vowel and lowercase a denotes the open front unrounded vowel. The Extended Speech Assessment Methods Phonetic Alphabet (X-SAMPA is a variant of SAMPA developed in 1995 by John C The open back unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet The open front unrounded vowel is a type of Vowel sound used in some spoken Languages The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet

A is the third-most common letter in English, and the second-most common in Spanish and French. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people On average, about 8. 2% of letters in English tend to be As, while the number is 6. 2% in Spanish and 4% in French. ^[4]

A also is the English indefinite article, extended to an before a word beginning with a vowel. See a and an. ' A' and ' an' function as the indefinite forms of the grammatical article in the English language and can also represent the number one

A- also is a prefix that serves to negate the morpheme to which it is attached, such as amoral, apolitical, etc. An affix is a Morpheme that is attached to a stem to form a word In Morpheme-based morphology, a morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has semantic meaning. This derives from Greek.

Codes for computing

In Unicode the capital A is codepoint U+0041 and the lowercase a is U+0061. The NATO phonetic alphabet, more formally the international radiotelephony spelling alphabet, is the most widely used Spelling alphabet. Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals Flag semaphore is a system for conveying information at a distance by means of visual signals with hand-held flags rods disks paddles or occasionally bare or gloved hands The American Manual Alphabet is a Manual alphabet that augments the vocabulary of American Sign Language when spelling individual letters of a word is the preferred The Braille system is a method that is widely used by blind people to read and write In Computing, Unicode is an Industry standard allowing Computers to consistently represent and manipulate text expressed in most of the world's Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D,

In positional numeral systems with base higher than 10, A is the character used to represent decimal 10, or in binary, 1010

The ASCII code for capital A is 65 and for lowercase a is 97; or in binary 01000001 and 01100001, respectively. A positional notation or place-value notation system is a Numeral system in which each position is related to the next by a Constant multiplier a The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a Numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols usually 0 and 1. American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a Numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols usually 0 and 1.

The EBCDIC code for capital A is 193 and for lowercase a is 129. Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC) is an 8- Bit Character encoding ( Code page) used on IBM mainframe Operating

The morse code for A is dit dah or a dot and a dash. Morse code is a Character encoding for transmitting telegraphic information using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters numerals

The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "A" and "a" for upper and lower case respectively. A numeric character reference (NCR is a common markup construct used in SGML and other SGML-based markup languages such as HTML and XML. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure Don't change "Extensible"

See also

• Alpha
• Cyrillic A
• ª
• Ã
• Ä
• Å (Aa)
• Æ
• Ă
• ∀

External references

The ISO basic Latin alphabet
Aa	Bb	Cc	Dd	Ee	Ff	Gg	Hh	Ii	Jj	Kk	Ll	Mm	Nn	Oo	Pp	Qq	Rr	Ss	Tt	Uu	Vv	Ww	Xx	Yy	Zz
Letter A with diacritics ÁáÀàĂăẮắẰằẴẵẲẳÂâẤấẦầẪẫẨẩǍǎÅåǺǻÄäǞǟÃãȦȧǠǡĄąĀāẢảȀȁȂȃẠạẶặẬậḀḁȺⱥᶏ ɐ∀ Two-letter combinations Aa Ab Ac Ad Ae Af Ag Ah Ai Aj Ak Al Am An Ao Ap Aq Ar As At Au Av Aw Ax Ay Az AA AB AC AD AE AF AG AH AI AJ AK AL AM AN AO AP AQ AR AS AT AU AV AW AX AY AZ Letter-digit & Digit-letter combinations     A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9     0A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 8A 9A     history • palaeography • derivations • diacritics • punctuation • numerals • Unicode • list of letters

ISO 646 is an ISO standard that since 1972 has specified a 7- Bit character code from which several national standards are derived B is the second letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled bee or occasionally be (biː plural bees. C is the third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cee or occasionally ce (siː D is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled dee or occasionally de (diː E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (ɛf G is the seventh letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled gee or occasionally ge (dʒiː I is the ninth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its English name is i (aɪ J is the tenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet; it was the last of the 26 letters to be added K is the eleventh letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled kay (keɪ L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is el or occasionally ell (ɛl M is the thirteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled em (ɛm N is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled en (ɛn O is the fifteenth letter of the modern Latin Alphabet. Its name in English is spelled o (oʊ plural usually o's or os; sometimes P is the sixteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled pee or occasionally pe (piː Q is the seventeenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled cue (kjuː R is the eighteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ar (ɑr pronounced or) S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ess or occasionally es (ɛs generally es- T is the twentieth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled tee or occasionally te (tiː U is the twenty-first letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled u (juː V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled vee or occasionally ve (viː W is the twenty-third letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled double-u (ˈdʌbljuː X is the twenty-fourth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ex or occasionally ecks (ɛks plural exes The letter Y is the twenty-fifth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the modern Latin alphabet. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation Á, á ( A - acute) is a letter of the Czech, Faroese, Hungarian, Icelandic, and Slovak languages Pitch The grave accent was first used in the polytonic orthography of Ancient Greek, where it occurred only on the last syllable of a word in cases where the Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Names Usage differs as to the name of this diacritic In the field of typography the term "caron" seems to be more popular The letter Å represents various sounds in the Swedish, Finnish (although no native Finnish words contain the letter å Danish, Norwegian " Ä " or " ä " is a character which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets or the letter A with à / ã ( A - Tilde) is a letter used in some languages generally considered a variant of the letter A. Ȧ ( minuscule: ȧ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from A with the addition of a dot above the letter Ą ( minuscule: ą) is a letter in the Polish, Kashubian, Lithuanian, Creek, Navajo, Western Apache For A E van Vogt's novel see The World of Null-A. Ā, lowercase ā, is a Grapheme, a Latin A with a The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ See also Grave accent Double acute accent International Phonetic Alphabet The Vietnamese alphabet has the following 29 letters in collating order Description The Vietnamese alphabet called Chữ Quốc Ngữ Ă ( Upper case) or ă ( Lower case) usually referred to in English as A-breve, is a letter used in standard Romanian language Â, â ( A - Circumflex) is a letter of the Romanian and Vietnamese alphabets Ḁ ( minuscule: ḁ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from A with the addition of a ring below the letter Turned a (capital ∀, lowercase ɐ or ɒ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet based upon the letter A. Av ( Hebrew: אָב, Standard Av Tiberian ʾĀḇ; from Akkadian abu Ay was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's 18th dynasty. Av ( Hebrew: אָב, Standard Av Tiberian ʾĀḇ; from Akkadian abu Ay was the penultimate Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt 's 18th dynasty. The Selective Service System is the means by which the United States administers military Conscription. Deutsche Bahn AG ( DB AG, DBAG or DB) is the German national Railway company Route 3A is a State highway in eastern Massachusetts, which parallels Route 3 and U Air Kiribati is the national Airline of Kiribati operating local passenger services within the Kiribati Islands Alpine Air Express is an American Airline based in Provo, Utah, USA. Atlas Blue is a low-cost airline based in Marrakech, Morocco. The Latin alphabet originated in the 7th century BC, undergoing a history of 2500 years before emerging as one of the dominant Writing systems in use today Palaeography, palæography ( British) or paleography ( American) (from the Greek grc παλαιός palaiós, Variants of the Latin alphabet are used by the Writing systems of many languages throughout the world A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. Unicode as of version 51 defines the following ranges for encoding the Latin alphabet and derived characters See also Mapping of Unicode characters List of Latin letters. Basic alphabet Extensions and ligatures Letters with diacritics Digraphs trigraphs and tetragraphs

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