Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 9th century AD. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum The first millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1, and ended on December 31, 1000, of the Julian calendar. A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and Trends 814 — Charlemagne dies transfer of united territory to Louis the Pious 814 – 817 — Events and Trends Egbert of Wessex rises to the position of Bretwalda. Events and Trends The first Swedes arrive in Russia (The Rus', from Roslagen) The Viking raids in Western Europe get more severe Events and Trends 841 — Dublin is founded by Viking settlers of Ireland. Events and trends 850–859 Christian " Martyr Movement " in Córdoba Spain Events and Trends Rurik establishes the state of Novgorod (later Kievan Rus') Basil I has first caesar Bardas Events and Trends The Danes invade England ( 870) and conquer East Anglia. Events and Trends 885 — Vikings lay siege to Paris 886 — Alfred the Great of Wessex captures Events and Trends 899 — Death of Alfred the Great Simple890s Zh-yue890年代
Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 9th century AD.
The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. Events By Place Europe December 28 — Louis the Pious occupies Barcelona. Events By place Asia Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Kavi script inscribed in Luzon, Philippines, The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita
Europe in 9th century
Western European
Art of the "Dark Ages"
First and foremost, art existed because the Church required it. The Freer Gallery of Art is the Smithsonian Institution 's museum of East Asian art including Art from East Asia ( China, Korea The Smithsonian Institution (smɪθsoʊnɪən is an educational and research institute and associated Museum complex administered and funded by the Government of Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The basic tools of the Roman Catholic mass, thousands of golden art objects were made. Sacred cups, vessels, reliqueries, crucifixes, rosaries, altar pieces, and statues of the Virgin and Child or Saints all kept the flame of art from dying out in the period. Architecture began to revive to some extent by the 9th century. It took the form of Church facilities of all kinds, and the first castle fortifications since Roman times began to take form in simple "moat and baily" castles, or simple "strong point" tower structures, with little refinement.
Worldwide Events
Brass Griffin beverage urn from 9th century
The
Three Pagodas of
Dali,
Yunnan province, China, 9th and 10th centuries.
The Three Pagodas are an ensemble of three independent pagodas arranged on the corners of a symmetric triangle near the town of Dali, Yunnan province, China Dali City ( Bai: Darl•lit; Hani: Dafli) is a County-level city in Dali Prefecture, Yunnan province
- The Arab merchant Shulama wrote that Chinese junk ships could carry 600 to 700
passengers aboard for sailing missions into the Indian Ocean. -HK CityHall Seaview 51217 5png|thumb|300px|A modern junk in Hong Kong]]A junk is a Chinese sailing vessel. The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's Oceanic divisions covering about 20% of the water on the Earth 's surface He wrote that the draft of Chinese ships was too deep for entering the Euphrates River (modern-day Iraq), which forced them to land small boats on the banks of the river for passengers and cargo instead. The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת
- An unknown event causes the decline of the Maya Classical Era. The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica into a number of named successive eras or periods from the earliest evidence of human habitation
- Beowulf might have been written down in this century, though it could also have been in the 8th century. Beowulf is an Old English Heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era.
- Reign of Charlemagne, and concurrent (and controversially labeled) Carolingian Renaissance in Western Europe. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Carolingian Renaissance was a period of intellectual and cultural revival occurring in the late eighth and ninth centuries with the peak of the activities
- Large-scale Viking attacks on Europe begin, devastating countless numbers of people. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
- Oseberg ship burial. The Oseberg ship is a well-preserved Viking ship discovered in a large Burial mound at the Oseberg farm near Tønsberg in Vestfold A ship burial or boat grave is a Burial in which a Ship or Boat is used either as a container for the dead and the grave goods or as a part
- The Magyars arrive in what is now Hungary, taking it from Bulgaria. Hungarians (or Magyars, magyarok are an Ethnic group primarily associated with Hungary. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian
- The Tukolor settle in the Senegal river valley. The Toucouleurs (or Haalpulaaren) are a Fula agricultural people who live primarily in the north of Senegal (where they comprise 10% of the population The Sénégal River is a 1790 km long River in West Africa, that forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania.
- Muslim traders settle in the northwest and southeast of Madagascar. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern
- 800 — Arab fleet sails up the Tiber. Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey. The Tiber ( Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest River in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains
- 803 — Construction on the Leshan Giant Buddha in Tang Dynasty China is complete, after 90 years of rock-carving on a massive cliff-side. Events By Place Europe Nicephorus I of the Byzantine Empire and Charlemagne of the Holy Roman Empire settle The Leshan Giant Buddha ( was built during the Tang Dynasty ( 618 - 907) The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
- C. 813–c. Events By Place Byzantine Empire June 22 — Byzantine Emperor Michael I Rangabe is defeated in a war against the 915 — period of serious Arab naval raids on shores of Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas. Events By Place Europe Battle of Garigliano: The Christian League defeats the Saracens
- 830 - House of Wisdom, a library and translation institute, established by al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph, in Baghdad to transfer the knowledge of Greeks, Persians, Indians, etc to Muslim world. Events By Place Europe Earliest date of composition for the Historia Brittonum, attributed to Nennius, and known for The House of Wisdom ( Arabic: بيت الحكمة; Bait al-Hikma) was a library and translation institute in Abbassid -era Baghdad, Abu Jafar al-Ma'mun ibn Harun (also spelled Almamon and el-Mâmoûn) ( September 14, 786 &ndash August 9, 833) (المأمون The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous [1] Also The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing which is one of the book of algebra is written by Al-Khwarizmi who worked there. Al-Kitāb al-mukhtaṣar fī hīsāb al-ğabr wa’l-muqābala ( Arabic for "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing" Algebra is a branch of Mathematics concerning the study of structure, relation, and Quantity.
- 848–852 — The west bank of the Tiber is annexed into the city of Rome. Events By Place Europe The Saracens destroy Leontini. Charles the Bald, Louis the German and Events By Place Europe Saint Swithun becomes Bishop of Winchester England The Tiber ( Latin Tiberis, Italian Tevere) is the third-longest River in Italy, rising in the Apennine mountains Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 A defensive wall, commissioned by Pope Leo IV, is built around what came to be called the Leonine City. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors Pope The Leonine City (in Latin Civitas Leonina) is that part of the city of Rome around which Pope Leo IV commissioned the construction of the Leonine
- 851 — The Arab merchant Suleiman al-Tajir visits the Chinese seaport at Guangzhou in southern China, and observes the manufacturing of porcelain, the Islamic mosque built at Guangzhou, the granary system of the city, and how its municipal administration functioned. Events By Place Europe Vikings plunder London and Canterbury. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city Porcelain is a Ceramic material made by heating raw materials generally including Clay in the form of Kaolin, in a Kiln to temperatures A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A granary is a storehouse for threshed grain or Animal feed. In ancient or primitive granaries Pottery is the most A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government
- 863 — The Chinese author Duan Chengshi describes the slave trade, ivory trade, and ambergris trade of Somalia in East Africa. Events By Place Europe Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland (or 862 Duan Chengshi ( died 863 was an author and scholar of the Tang Dynasty in China. The history of slavery uncovers many different forms of human exploitation across many cultures throughout history Ivory is formed from Dentine and constitutes the bulk of the Teeth and Tusks of animals such as the Elephant, Hippopotamus, Ambergris ( Ambra grisea, Ambre gris, ambergrease, or grey Amber) is a solid waxy flammable substance of a dull gray or blackish Somalia ( Soomaaliya; الصومال) officially the Somali Republic ( Jamhuuriyadda Soomaaliya, جمهورية الصومال) and formerly known East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent.
- 870 — Prague Castle founded. Events By Place Europe Prague Castle is founded The Great Summer Army invades England and conquers Prague Castle (Pražský hrad is a Castle in Prague where the Czech kings Holy Roman Emperors and presidents of Czechoslovakia
- 800–909 — rule of Aghlabids as an independent Muslim dynasty in North Africa. Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey. Events By Place Africa The Aghlabid dynasty in North Africa is overthrown by the Fatimids. The Aghlabid dynasty of emirs members of the Arab tribe of Bani Tamim, ruled Ifriqiya (northern Africa nominally on behalf of the Abbasid
- 850–875 — The first Norse settlers arrive on Iceland. Events By Place Asia Emperor Montoku succeeds Emperor Nimmyō as Emperor of Japan. Events By Place Europe December 29 — Charles the Bald, king of West Francia, is crowned emperor Norsemen is used to refer to the group of people as a whole who speak one of the North Germanic languages as their native language Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland (
- 859 Muslim established the oldest university in the world, University of Al Karaouine, in Fez, Morocco[1]
- 863–879 — period of schism between eastern and western churches. Events By Place Europe January 15 - Battle of Saint-Quentin Aisne: Humfrid defeats Louis the German. The University of Al-Karaouine or Al-Qarawiyyin (جامعة القرويين (other transliterations of the name include Qarawiyin Kairouyine Kairaouine Qairawiyin Qaraouyine Fes or Fez ( Arabic: فاس, French Fès is the fourth largest City in Morocco, after Casablanca, Rabat Events By Place Europe Constantine I succeeds as king of Scotland (or 862 Events By Place Europe Pope John VIII recognizes the Dukedom of Croatia as an independent state
- 864 — Christianization of Bulgaria under Boris I
- 875–884 — Huang Chao leads an unsuccessful rebellion against the Tang Dynasty in China. Events By Place Europe July 25 - Edict of Pistres: Charles the Bald orders defensive measures against the Vikings The Christianization of Bulgaria was the process of converting 9th-century medieval Bulgaria to Christianity. Boris I or sometimes Boris-Mihail (Michael (Борис I (Михаил also known as Bogoris (died 2 May 907 Events By Place Europe December 29 — Charles the Bald, king of West Francia, is crowned emperor Events By Place Europe March 1 — Diego Rodríguez Porcelos founds and repopulates Burgos. Huang Chao ( d 884 was the leader of infamous Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884 in China that seriously weakened the once mighty Tang Dynasty of China The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by
- Late 9th century: Bulgaria stretches from the mouth of the Danube to Epirus and Bosnia. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Epirus (from Ionic Greek Ήπειρος - Ēpeiros, Doric Greek: Ἅπειρος - Apeiros, in Albanian Historically and geographically the Region known as Bosnia (natively Bosna; Cyrillic: Босна lies mainly in the Dinaric Alps, ranging
- In Italy, some cities became free republics: for instance Forlì, in the 889. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Forlì ( Latin: Forum Livii) is a Comune and city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy famed as the birthplace of the great painter Melozzo da Forlì Events By Place Asia Yasovarman I succeeds Indravarman II as ruler of the Khmer empire.
- The Christian Nubian kingdom reaches its peak of prosperity and military power. This article is about the region in Africa for other uses see Nubia (disambiguation. (Early history of Sudan). The history of Sudan is marked by influences (military and cultural on Sudan from neighboring areas (e
- Harald Fairhair was victorious at the battle of Hafrsfjord, and Norway was unified into one kingdom. Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair ( Old Norse: Haraldr hárfagri, Norwegian: Harald Hårfagre) (c The Battle of Hafrsfjord has traditionally been regarded as the battle in which Norway for the first time was unified under one monarch Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional
- Chess reaches Japan. Chess is a recreational and competitive Game played between two players. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
- 862 — The beginning the Rurik Dynasty in Russia
- 885 — arrival of the disciples of SS. Events By Place Asia Rurik gains control of Novgorod. Fan Chuo finishes his Manchu ( Book The Rurik Dynasty was the ruling Dynasty of Kievan Rus', the successor Russian principalities and early united Russia, from 862 to 1598 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Events By Place Europe The Vikings besiege Paris. Godfrith the Sea King is killed in Lobith. Cyril and Methodius, Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav in Bulgaria. Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Saint Clement of Ohrid (Свети Климент Охридски sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski (ca Saint Naum of Preslav (Свети Наум Преславски sve'ti na Development of the Cyrillic Alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by
- 867 — onward Revival of the Byzantine Empire under the Macedonian dynasty. Events By Place Byzantine Empire September — Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. The following is a list of emperors of the Byzantine Empire belonging to the Macedonian dynasty (also known as the Armenian Dynasty) of Armenian
- The Medieval Warm Period begins. The Medieval Warm Period (MWP or Medieval Climate Optimum was a time of unusually Warm Climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from about
Significant people
Saint Clement of Ohrid
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- First image of a rotary grindstone in a European source — illustration shows crank, first known use of a crank in the West (Utrecht Psalter, A. Adi Shankara ( Malayalam: ആദി ശങ്കരന് Devanāgarī: आदि शङ्कर Ādi Śaṅkara, aːd̪i ɕaŋkərə (see below Al-Jāḥiẓ (in Arabic الجاحظ (real name Abu Uthman Amr ibn Bahr al-Kinani al-Fuqaimi al-Basri) (born in Basra, c Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c Arnulf of Carinthia (Arnulf von Kärnten Arnulf Koroški 850 &ndash December 8 899) was the Carolingian King of East Francia from 887 For the Russian ruler see Basil I of Russia Basil I, called the Macedonian ( Greek: Βασίλειος Α΄ο Μακεδών For the Telephone number N11 code see 8-1-1. Events By Place Byzantine Empire July 26 — For the processors see 80886 - 8th generation x86 like Opteron and Core 2. Events By Place Byzantine Empire September — Basil I becomes sole ruler of the Byzantine Empire. For the processors see 80886 - 8th generation x86 like Opteron and Core 2. Boris I or sometimes Boris-Mihail (Michael (Борис I (Михаил also known as Bogoris (died 2 May 907 Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Saint Clement of Ohrid (Свети Климент Охридски sve'ti 'kliment 'oxridski (ca Quote "It is universally admitted that the unicorn is a supernatural being of good omen such is declared in all the odes annals biographies of illustrious Harald Fairhair or Harald Finehair ( Old Norse: Haraldr hárfagri, Norwegian: Harald Hårfagre) (c Huang Chao ( d 884 was the leader of infamous Huang Chao Rebellion (874–884 in China that seriously weakened the once mighty Tang Dynasty of China Cináed mac Ailpín ( Modern Gaelic: Coinneach mac Ailpein) commonly Anglicised as Kenneth MacAlpin and known in most modern regnal lists as Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor Saint Naum of Preslav (Свети Наум Преславски sve'ti na Rurik or Riurik (Рюрик; Old East Norse: Rørik, meaning "famous ruler" c Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Saints Cyril and Methodius (Κύριλλος και Μεθόδιος Old Church Slavonic: Кѷриллъ и Меѳодїи) were two Byzantine Greek brothers born Zhu Quanzhong 朱全忠 originally named Zhu Wen 朱温 (852&ndash912 was a Jiedushi (節度使 military governor at the end of the Tang dynasty. Taejo of Goryeo ( January 31, 877 - July 4, 943, r 918-943 was the founder of the Goryeo Dynasty which ruled Korea from WikipediaCITE#Citation_styles -->The Utrecht Psalter (Utrecht Universiteitsbibliotheek D. 843)
- First known printed book, the Diamond Sutra, printed in China using woodblock printing in 868 AD. Events By Place Europe The Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian Empire between the 3 sons of Louis the The Diamond Sutra is a short Mahayana Sutra of the Perfection of Wisdom genre which teaches the practice of the avoidance of abiding in extremes For the use of the technique in art see Woodcut on the technique and Old master print for the history in Europe and Woodblock printing in Japan.
- Invention of gunpowder by Chinese Taoist Alchemists
- Vulgar Latin begins to devolve into various Romance languages
Decades and years
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d • e