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Discovery
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| Discovered by | M. Brown, C. Trujillo, D. Rabinowitz |
| Discovery date | February 17, 2004 |
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Designations
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| Alternative names | 2004 DW |
| Minor planet category |
Plutino |
| Epoch November 10, 1951 (JD 2433960. Education Brown is a Huntsville Alabama native and graduated from Virgil Grissom High School in 1983 Early career Trujillo attended Oak Park and River Forest High School in Oak Park Illinois. David Lincoln Rabinowitz (born 1960) is a researcher at Yale University. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A provisional designation in astronomy is the naming convention applied to Astronomical objects immediately following their discovery In Astronomy, a plutino is a Trans-Neptunian object in 23 mean motion resonance with Neptune. In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January The Julian date (JD is the interval of time in days and fractions of a day since 4713 B 5) | |
| Aphelion | 7,226. In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from 801 Gm (48. 31 AU) |
| Perihelion | 4,567. In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from 091 Gm (30. 53 AU) |
| Semi-major axis | 5,896. In Geometry, the semi-major axis (also semimajor axis) is used to describe the dimensions of ellipses and hyperbolae 946 Gm (39. For other meanings see Giga (disambiguation Giga- (symbol G is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting 109 The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 419 AU) |
| Eccentricity | 0. The astronomical unit ( AU or au or au or sometimes ua) is a unit of Length based on the distance from the Earth to the In Astrodynamics, under standard assumptions, any Orbit must be of Conic section shape 22552 |
| Orbital period | 90,396. The orbital period is the time taken for a given object to make one complete Orbit about another object 4 d (247. A day (symbol d is a unit of Time equivalent to 24 Hours and the duration of a single Rotation of planet Earth with respect to the 492 a) |
| Average orbital speed | 4. In Astronomy, a Julian year (symbol a) is a unit of measurement of Time defined The orbital speed of a body generally a Planet, a Natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a Multiple star, is the speed at which it 68 km/s |
| Mean anomaly | 79. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly of an orbiting body is the Angle the body would have traveled about the center of the orbit's Auxiliary circle 561° |
| Inclination | 20. Inclination in general is the Angle between a Reference plane and another plane or axis of direction 55233° |
| Longitude of ascending node | 268. This article describes the unit of angle For other meanings see Degree. The longitude of the ascending node (☊ or Ω is one of the Orbital elements used to specify the Orbit of an object in space 586° |
| Argument of perihelion | 73. The argument of periapsis (or argument of perifocus) ( ω) is the Orbital element describing the Angle of an Orbiting body's periapsis 8325° |
| Satellites | 1 (92-432 km) |
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Physical characteristics
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| Dimensions | 946. A natural satellite or moon is a Celestial body that Orbits a Planet or smaller body which is called the primary. 3+74. 1-72. 3 km (diameter)[1] |
| Mass | ~7. Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object 5×1020 kg |
| Mean density | ~1. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 5 g/cm³ (assumed) |
| Equatorial surface gravity | ~0. A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical or other object is the Gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface 2 m/s² |
| Escape velocity | ~0. In Physics, escape velocity is the speed where the Kinetic energy of an object is equal to the magnitude of its Gravitational potential energy 44 km/s |
| Rotation period | ? d |
| Albedo | 19. The rotation period of an astronomical object is the time it takes to complete one revolution around its Axis of rotation relative to the background stars The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the sun 75+3. 40-2. 76 % |
| Temperature | ~45 K |
| Spectral type | B-V=0. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic 68; V-R=0. 37 [2] |
| Apparent magnitude | 19. The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value 11 |
| Absolute magnitude | 2. In Astronomy, absolute magnitude (also known as absolute visual magnitude) is the Apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard 3 |
90482 Orcus (IPA: /ˈɔrkəs/ or'-kəs, Latin: Orcus, originally known by the provisional designation 2004 DW) is a Kuiper Belt object (KBO) that was discovered by Michael Brown of Caltech, Chad Trujillo of the Gemini Observatory, and David Rabinowitz of Yale University. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A provisional designation in astronomy is the naming convention applied to Astronomical objects immediately following their discovery The Kuiper belt (ˈkaɪpɚ to rhyme with "viper" sometimes called the Edgeworth-Kuiper belt, is a region of the Solar System beyond the planets extending Education Brown is a Huntsville Alabama native and graduated from Virgil Grissom High School in 1983 The California Institute of Technology (commonly referred to as Caltech) is a private, Coeducational research university located in Pasadena Early career Trujillo attended Oak Park and River Forest High School in Oak Park Illinois. The Gemini Observatory is an astronomical observatory consisting of two 8-metre Telescopes at different sites David Lincoln Rabinowitz (born 1960) is a researcher at Yale University. The discovery images of this object were acquired on February 17, 2004. Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Precovery images as early as November 8, 1951 were later identified. Precovery (prediscovery is a term used in Astronomy that describes the process of finding the Image of an object (usually a Minor planet, but sometimes Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January
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Orbit
Orcus is a typical plutino (an object in 2:3 orbital resonance with Neptune). In Astronomy, a plutino is a Trans-Neptunian object in 23 mean motion resonance with Neptune. In Celestial mechanics, an orbital resonance occurs when two Orbiting bodies exert a regular periodic gravitational influence on each other usually due to their Neptune ( English|AmE] ] is the eighth and farthest Planet from the Sun in the Solar System. Orcus's 247 year orbit is shaped similarly to Pluto's (both have perihelia above the ecliptic), but is differently oriented. The ecliptic is the apparent path that the Sun traces out in the sky during the year Although at one point its orbit approaches that of Neptune, the resonance between the two bodies means that Orcus itself is always a great distance away from Neptune (there is always an angular separation of over 60 degrees between them). Neptune ( English|AmE] ] is the eighth and farthest Planet from the Sun in the Solar System. In Mathematics (in particular Geometry and Trigonometry) and all Natural sciences (including astronomy geophysics etc the angular distance
Physical characteristics
Size and magnitude
The absolute magnitude of Orcus is 2. In Astronomy, absolute magnitude (also known as absolute visual magnitude) is the Apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard 3 (comparable with the 2. 6 of another KBO, 50000 Quaoar). In the first quarter of 2007 a paper was published, showing the Spitzer space telescope had detected Orcus in the far infrared, during its first three years in operation, constraining the diameter to 946. The Spitzer Space Telescope (formerly the Space Infrared Telescope Facility, SIRTF) is an Infrared Space observatory. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of 3+74. 1-72. 3 km. [1]. Orcus appears to have a high albedo of ~ 20 %. Orcus was a god of the underworld punisher of broken oaths in Italic and Roman mythology. The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the sun
Colours and spectra
Observations in infrared by the European Southern Observatory give results consistent with mixtures of water ice and carbonaceous compounds. Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of Italian ice is a frozen Dessert made from either concentrated syrup flavoring or fruit purees. Carbonaceous is the defining attribute of a substance rich in Carbon. [3] Further, the infrared spectra taken with the Gemini telescope confirmed a modest water ice signature, compatible with a cover of 15–30%, but no more than 50% of the surface. The Gemini Observatory is an astronomical observatory consisting of two 8-metre Telescopes at different sites This means there is less ice than on Charon, but a similar amount to that on Triton. Charon (ˈʃærən; also, as in Χάρων) discovered in 1978 is either the largest Moon of Pluto or the smaller member of a double TemplateInfobox Planet.--> Triton (ˈtraɪtən, or as in Greek Limitations were also placed on the amount of methane ice (less than 30%) leaving open the possibility for discovery of other components in the future. Methane clathrate, also called methane hydrate or methane ice, is a solid form of water that contains a large amount of Methane within its Crystal [4]
KBOs display a diversity of colours and spectra even among objects with similar orbits. Orcus presents a neutral colour in comparison with the redness of an object like Ixion. TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 28978 Ixion (ɪkˈsaɪən ik-SYE-ən, sometimes
Satellite
The discovery of a satellite of Orcus was reported in IAUC 8812 on 22 February 2007 [1]. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The orbit of this satellite has yet to be determined.
The satellite was found at 0. 25 arcsec from Orcus with magnitude difference of 2. A minute of arc, arcminute, or MOA is a unit of angular measurement, equal to one sixtieth (1/60 of one degree. In Astronomy, absolute magnitude (also known as absolute visual magnitude) is the Apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard 7[5]. Assuming an albedo similar to that of the primary the magnitude suggests a quite substantial diameter (~220 km) compared with Orcus. The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the sun
Name
Under the guidelines of the International Astronomical Union's naming conventions, objects with a similar size and orbit to that of Pluto are named after underworld deities. In ancient times only the Sun and Moon, a few hundred Stars and the most easily visible Planets had names In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star In the study of Mythology and Religion, the underworld (gr κάτω κόσμος) is a generic term approximately equivalent to the lay term Afterlife Accordingly, the discoverers suggested naming the object after Orcus, a god of the dead in Roman mythology. Roman mythology, or more appropriately Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its The name was approved and published on November 22, 2004. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "
External links and sources
- MPEC 2004-D09 announcing the discovery but attributing it to Raymond J. Bambery, Steven H. Pravdo, Michael D. Hicks, Kenneth J. Lawrence, Daniel MacDonald, Eleanor F. Helin and Robert Thicksten / NEAT
- MPEC 2004-D13 correcting MPEC 2004-D09
- Chad Trujillo's page on 2004 DW
- First BBC article
- First New Scientist article
- Updated orbital elements from Lowell Observatory
- AstDys orbital elements
- Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Ephemeris
References
- ^ a b Stansberry, J. Kenneth J Lawrence (born 1964 is an American astronomer He has discovered numerous Asteroids and also co-discovered periodic Comet 152P/Helin-Lawrence Daniel Joseph MacDonald ( July 23, 1918 – September 30, 1980) was a Canadian politician ; Grundy, W. ; Brown, M. ; et. al. (2007). "Physical Properties of Kuiper Belt and Centaur Objects: Constraints from Spitzer Space Telescope".
- ^ Tegler, Stephen C. (2006-01-26). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Kuiper Belt Object Magnitudes and Surface Colors. Retrieved on 2006-11-05. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
- ^ C. de Bergh, A. Delsanti, G. P. Tozzi, E. Dotto, A. Doressoundiram and M. A. Barucci (2005). "The Surface of the Transneptunian Object 9048 Orcus". Astronomy & Astrophysics 437: 1115-1120. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Chadwick A. Trujillo, Michael E. Brown, David L. Rabinowitz, Thomas R. Early career Trujillo attended Oak Park and River Forest High School in Oak Park Illinois. Education Brown is a Huntsville Alabama native and graduated from Virgil Grissom High School in 1983 David Lincoln Rabinowitz (born 1960) is a researcher at Yale University. Geballe (2005). "Near Infrared Surface Properties of the Two Intrinsically Brightest Minor Planets (90377) Sedna and (90482) Orcus". The Astrophysical Journal 627: 1057–1065. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. Preprint on arXiv.
- ^ Distant EKO The Kuiper Belt Electronic newsletter, March 2007
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