Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 8th Century. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum The first millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1, and ended on December 31, 1000, of the Julian calendar. A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and Trends 717 - Second Arab siege of Constantinople Zh-yue710年代 Events and Trends Zh-yue720年代 Events and Trends 732 - Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers France leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men defeat a large army of Moors under the The 740s were a time period during the 8th century. It included all years from 740-749 Events and Trends 750, The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II ( 744 –750 is overthrown and executed by the first Abbasid Events and Trends Charlemagne inherits Kingdom of the Franks from Pippin the Younger Zh-yue760年代 Events and Trends The famous King Khalif Abbasid Al Mansoor (712-775 founded Baghdad, which is situated on the banks of the Tigris and made it a center of learning Events and Trends Charlemagne expands the Frankish kingdom by gains in Saxony, Bavaria and Spain. Events and Trends In 793 the Vikings sack the monastery of Lindisfarne.
Eastern Hemisphere at the end of the 8th century AD.
The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. Events By Place Europe Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey. The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita
Overview
During this century the Middle East, the coast of North Africa and the Iberian Peninsula comes rapidly under Islamic Arab domination. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. North Africa or Northern Africa is the Northernmost Region of the African Continent, separated by the Sahara from Sub-Saharan For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The westward expansion of the Arab Empire is famously halted at the Battle of Tours. The Battle of Tours (October 10 732 also called the Battle of Poitiers and in معركة بلاط الشهداء (ma‘arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ’ Battle of Court The tide of Arab conquest came to an end in the middle of the 8th century. [1] Late in the century the Vikings, seafaring peoples from Scandinavia begin raiding the coasts of Europe and the Mediterranean creating a terrifying legacy. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well They go on to found several important kingdoms.
Events
- Probably at some time in this century, Beowulf is composed. Beowulf is an Old English Heroic epic poem of anonymous authorship dating as recorded in the Nowell Codex manuscript from between
- The first Serbian state is formed at the beginning of the century.
- Borobodur, the famous Indonesian Buddhist structure, begins construction, probably as a non-Buddhist shrine. Borobudur is a ninth-century Mahayana Buddhist monument in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices A shrine, from the Latin scrinium (‘box’ also used as a desk like the French bureau) was originally a container usually made of precious materials used
- Buddhist Jataka stories are translated into Syriac and Arabic as Kalilag and Damnag. The Jātaka Tales ( Sanskrit जातक and Pali, Malay: jetaka Lao: satok refer to a voluminous body of Folklore -like literature See Syriac (disambiguation for other uses Syriac (syr ܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ leššānā Suryāyā) is an Eastern Aramaic language Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The Panchatantra (also spelled Pañcatantra, in Sanskrit: पञ्चतन्त्र 'Five Principles' or Kalīleh o Demneh
- An account of Buddha's life is translated into Greek by Saint John of Damascus, and widely circulated to Christians as the story of Barlaam and Josaphat. Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Chrysorrhoas redirects here For the river see Barada. Saint John of Damascus ( Arabic: يوحنا الدمشقي Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Barlaam may refer to Barlaam of Calabria, an Italian clergyman of the 14th century Saint Barlaam, eventual companion of St
- The Moravian principality and the Principality of Nitra arise in central Europe (see Great Moravia)
Borobudur from a distance
The
Leshan Giant Buddha of
Sichuan province,
China; construction began in
713, completed in
803.
The Principality of Nitra or Nitrian Principality (Nitrianske kniežatstvo Nitriansko Nitrava is the name for a Slavic polity centered around Nitra Great Moravia (see Name section was a Slavic state that existed in Central Europe from the 9th century to the early 10th century The Leshan Giant Buddha ( was built during the Tang Dynasty ( 618 - 907) ( Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in western China with its capital in Chengdu. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National ---- Events By Place Byzantine Empire Byzantine Emperor Philippicus is deposed Anastasius II is made emperor Events By Place Europe Nicephorus I of the Byzantine Empire and Charlemagne of the Holy Roman Empire settle
- Many Volga Bulgarians convert to Islam. Volga Bulgaria or Volga-Kama Bolghar, is an historic state that existed between the 7th and 13th centuries around the confluence of For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.
- Kanem-Bornu arises north of Lake Chad. The Kanem Empire (700 - 1376 was located in the present countries of Chad and Libya. Lake Chad (in French Lac Tchad) is a historically large shallow lake in Africa, whose size has varied greatly over the centuries
- Height of the Classic period in pre-Columbian Maya civilization history. Mesoamerican chronology divides the history of Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica into a number of named successive eras or periods from the earliest evidence of human habitation The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas
- Śāntideva, a Buddhist monk at Nalanda Monastery in India, composes the famous Bodhicharyāvatāra, or Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life
- The height of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in Xian, China is extended by 5 stories. Giant Wild Goose Pagoda or Big Wild Goose Pagoda ( is a Buddhist pagoda located in southern Xi'an, Shaanxi province China. UserEl_C --> Xi'an ( Postal map spelling: Sian is the Capital of the Shaanxi province in the
- 701, the Taihō Code is enacted in late Asuka period Japan
- 705, the reign of China's first and only sole-ruling empress, Wu Zetian, ends in this year
- 708 - 711, Arab armies occupied Sindh. Events By Place Europe The was an administrative reorganization enacted in 701 in Japan, at the end of the Asuka period. The, was a period in the History of Japan lasting from 538 to 710 (or 592-645 although its beginning could be said to overlap with the preceding Kofun period. Alternate meanings Area code 705; Project 705; Life 705 Events By Place Asia February 20 China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Wu Zetian ( (625 – December 16, 705 In 705 she was overthrown in a coup and Emperor Zhongzong was returned to the throne Events By Place Asia August 29 — Copper Coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date Events By Place Europe April 30 — Ummayad troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar, and begin Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. [2]
- 710, Empress Gemmei moves the capital to Heijō-kyū (present day Nara), initiating the Nara period of Japan. For the area code see Area code 710. For the Los Angeles-area freeway see Interstate 710. (661 &ndash December 29 721 was the 43rd imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession in Nara, was the Imperial Palace of Japan (710-784 AD during most of the Nara Period. is the capital city of Nara Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan. The of the History of Japan covers the years from AD 710 to 794.
- 711, Tariq ibn-Ziyad crosses the Straits of Gibraltar. Events By Place Europe April 30 — Ummayad troops led by Tariq ibn Ziyad land at Gibraltar, and begin Tariq Ibn Ziyad or Taric bin Zeyad (طارق بن زياد d 720 known in Spanish history and legend as Taric el Tuerto (Taric the one-eyed was [3] With the creation of Al-Andalus, most of the Iberian peninsula is conquered by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost eight centuries of Muslim presence there. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Berbers are the indigenous peoples of North Africa west of the Nile Valley. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Visigoths (Visigothi, Wisigothi, Vesi, Visi, Wesi, or Wisi were one of two main branches of the Goths, an East
- 732, Battle of Tours. For the area code see Area code 732. Events By Place Europe October 10 — Battle of The Battle of Tours (October 10 732 also called the Battle of Poitiers and in معركة بلاط الشهداء (ma‘arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ’ Battle of Court Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men, defeat a large army of Moors under the governor of Cordoba, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi, who is killed during the battle. The Battle of Tours halts the advance of Islam into Western Europe and establishes a balance of power between Western Europe, Islam and the Byzantine Empire.
- 742, for the municipal census of the Tang Dynasty Chinese capital city Chang'an and its metropolitan area of Jingzhou Fu (including small towns in the vicinity), the New Book of Tang records that in this year there were 362,921 registered families with 1,960,188 persons. Events By Place Asia Chinese poet Li Po is presented before the emperor and given a position in the Imperial court (approximate date A township (or Municipality) is a settlement which has the status and powers of a unit of local government A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Chang'an ( is an ancient Capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the
- 748, the Chinese Buddhist monk Jian Zhen writes in his Yue Jue Shu of the international sea traffic coming to Guangzhou, ships from Borneo, Persia, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and others bringing tons of goods. Events By Place Asia January — An Earthquake strikes the Middle East from northern Egypt to northwestern Mesopotamia Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city
- 750, The last Umayyad Caliph Marwan II (744–750) is overthrown and executed by the first Abbasid Caliph, Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah. Events By Geography Asia Gopala is proclaimed as the first ruler of the Pala Empire. The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II (688-750 (Arabic مروان بن محمد بن مروان بن الحكم was an Umayyad Caliph who ruled For the aircraft see Boeing_747-400 Events By Place Europe February — Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh as-Saffāh ibn Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah ibn Abbas ibn Mutalib ibn Hashim (Arabic أبو العباس The Caliphate is moved to Baghdad, within the territory of the former Persian Empire; this would prove to be a momentous event for Baghdad which developed into a centre of trade and culture. A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim community in classical and medieval Islamic history Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Ghana Empire begins. The Ghana Empire or Wagadou Empire (existed c 750 - 1076) was located in what is now southeastern Mauritania, Western Mali
- 751, Arabian armies defeated Chinese Tang Dynasty troops in the Battle of Talas, in the high Pamirs near Samarkand and conquest central Asia completely. Events By Place Europe Pepin the Short is elected as king of the Franks by the Frankish nobility marking the end of the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Battle of Talas in 751 CE was a conflict between the Arab Abbasid Caliphate and the Chinese Tang Dynasty for control The Pamir Mountains are located in Central Asia and are formed by the junction or Knot of the Tian Shan, Karakoram, Kunlun, and Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south
- 755–763, the An Shi Rebellion devastates China during the mid Tang Dynasty. Events By Place Europe Abd-ar-Rahman I lands in Spain, where the next year he will establish a new Umayyad dynasty Events By Place Europe Ciniod succeeds Bridei V as king of the Picts. The An Shi Rebellion ( took place in China during the Tang Dynasty, from December 16 755 to February 17 763. The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by
- 758, Arab and Persian pirates and travelers burn and loot the Chinese city of Guangzhou, while the Tang Dynasty authorities shut the port down for the next five decades. Events By Place Asia Emperor Junnin succeeds Empress Kōken on the throne of Japan. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Piracy is Robbery committed at sea or sometimes on shore without a commission from a sovereign Nation (as distinct from Privateering Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city
- 772–804, Charlemagne invades what is now northwestern Germany, battling the Saxons for more than thirty years and finally crushing their rebellion, incorporating Saxony into the Frankish Empire and the Christian world
- 785, beginning in this year, Tang Dynasty Chinese begin landing regular maritime missions on the coast of East Africa, cutting out middlemen Arab sea merchants. Events By Place Europe Charlemagne starts fighting the Saxons and the Frisians; Saxony is subdued and converted This article is about the year AD 804 For other uses of the term see 804 (disambiguation. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. The Saxon Wars were the campaigns and insurrections of the more than thirty years from 772, when Charlemagne first entered Saxony with the intent to conquer The mediæval Duchy of Saxony was a late Early Middle Ages "Carolingian Stem duchy " covering the greater part of Northern Germany. Francia or Frankia, later also called the Frankish Empire (imperium Francorum Frankish Kingdom (Latin regnum Francorum, "Kingdom of the Events By Place Europe Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent.
- 785–805, writing between these years, the Chinese geographer Jia Dan describes large lighthouse pillars built in the Persian Gulf, which is confirmed a century later by al-Mas'udi and al-Muqaddasi
- 793, the very first Viking raid is carried out on the abbey of Lindisfarne in northern England. Events By Place Europe Widukind and many other Saxons are baptized Events By Place Byzantine Empire Emperor Nicephorus I of Byzantium suffers a major defeat against the Saracens at Jia Dan ( 730&ndash805 Courtesy name Dunshi (敦诗 was a Chinese scholar-official, geographer, and cartographer The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn íbn Ali al-Mas'udi (transl) (born c Muhammad ibn Ahmad Shams al-Din Al-Muqaddasi (محمد بن أحمد شمس الدين المقدسي also Transliterated as Al-Maqdisi and el-Mukaddasi Events By Place Europe June 8 - Viking age: Vikings sack the Monastery of Lindisfarne, Northumbria A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas Lindisfarne () (variant spelling Lindesfarne is a Tidal island off the north-east coast of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
- 794, Emperor Kammu moves the capital to Heian-kyō (present day Kyoto), initiating the Heian period of Japan. Events By Place Asia Kyoto becomes the Japanese capital ending the Nara period, and beginning the Heian period. (737&ndash806 was the 50th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession (IPA /kʲoːto / is a city in the central part of the island of Honshū, Japan. The is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185.
- 800,Begins the ancient west African state of Takrur or Tekrour, which flourished roughly parallel to the Ghana Empire. Events By Place Europe September 15 - Oldest known mention of Monkey. Takrur, Tekrur, or Tekrour (c 800 - c 1285) was an ancient state of West Africa, which flourished roughly parallel to the
Significant persons
- Jia Dan, Chinese scholar-official, cartographer, and geographer
- Charles Martel, Frankish leader until 741 (Battle of Tours, 732)
- Pippin the Younger, king of the Franks until 768
- Charlemagne, king of the Franks from 771 to 814
- Alcuin, English monk, scholar, and teacher; Charlemagne's advisor in educational affairs
- The Venerable Bede, English scholar
- Harun al-Rashid, fifth Abbasid Caliph
- Li Po, Chinese poet
- Du Fu, Chinese poet
- Han Gan, Chinese painter
- Empress Gemmei
- Emperor Kammu
- An Lushan
- Muhammad bin Qasim, Arab general who conquered Sindh and Punjab. Jia Dan ( 730&ndash805 Courtesy name Dunshi (敦诗 was a Chinese scholar-official, geographer, and cartographer Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Carolus Martellus Charles "the Hammer" (ca This article is about the year 741 For the 741 Integrated circuit, see Operational amplifier. The Battle of Tours (October 10 732 also called the Battle of Poitiers and in معركة بلاط الشهداء (ma‘arakat Balâṭ ash-Shuhadâ’ Battle of Court For the area code see Area code 732. Events By Place Europe October 10 — Battle of Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Events By Place Europe Pepin the Short ( 714 — 768 king of the Franks since 751, dies he is succeeded Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Events By Place Europe December 4 — Carloman I King of the Franks, dies leaving his brother Charlemagne king of Events By Place Europe Charlemagne dies in Aachen, aged 67 or 72 (depending on source Louis the Pious Alcuin of York (Alcuinus or Ealhwine, nicknamed Albinus or Flaccus (c Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Hārūn al-Rashīd (and Persian: هارون الرشيد) also spelled Harun ar-Rashid; English: Aaron the Upright, Aaron the The Caliph is the Head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah ≈ Poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in the Chinese language. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Du Fu ( 712–770 was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty. ≈ Poets who wrote or write much of their poetry in the Chinese language. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Han Gan ( Chinese: 韩干/韓幹 (c 706-783 was a Tang Dynasty painter Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e (661 &ndash December 29 721 was the 43rd imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession (737&ndash806 was the 50th imperial ruler of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession Background and Name An Lushan's mother was of Tujue ethnicity from the Ashide clan and served as a sorceress Muhammad bin Qasim Al-Thaqafi (محمد بن قاسم (c 31 December, 695 &ndash 18 July, 715) born Muhammad bin Qasim bin Yusuf Sakifi Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c
Inventions, discoveries, introductions
- heavy plow in use in the Rhine valley
- horse collar in use in Northern Europe in 8th or 9th century — perhaps introduced from Asia
- papermaking introduced from China to Arabs
- beginning of the decline of the Classical Maya civilization
- ca. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge A horse collar is a part of a Horse harness device used to distribute load around a Horse 's neck and shoulders when pulling a wagon or plow Northern Europe is a term for the northern part of Europe. The United Nations defines Northern Europe as (Finland The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas 770 — iron horseshoes come into common use
- Pattadakal, Chalukya Architecture
- The Chinese Buddhist monk Yi Xing applies the first known clockwork escapement mechanism to operate and rotate his astronomical celestial globe
- The Pictish peoples of Scotland design the first European triangular harp
Decades and years
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