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86-DOS
Image: 86d-logo.png
Image: 86dos.png
A sample 86-DOS session (simulated). Note that the prompt is a colon rather than a '>' sign.
Company/
developer		 Seattle Computer Products / Tim Paterson
Programmed in  ?
OS family DOS
Source model Closed source
Initial release 1980
Latest stable release 86-DOS v1. The software industry comprises businesses involved in the development, maintenance and publication of Computer software. A software developer is a person or organization concerned with facets of the software development process wider than design and coding a somewhat broader scope of Seattle Computer Products (SCP was a Seattle Washington computer hardware company which was one of the first manufacturers of Computer systems based on the Intel Tim Paterson (born 1956 is an American Computer programmer, best known as the original author of MS-DOS, the most widely used Operating system Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. 14 / July 1981
Marketing target  ?
Available language(s) English
Available programming languages(s) 8086-Assembly language
Package manager N/A
Supported platforms x86
Kernel type Monolithic kernel
Default user interface Command line interface
License Proprietary
Working state Historic

86-DOS was an operating system developed and marketed by Seattle Computer Products for its Intel 8086-based computer kit. In the Philosophy of language, a natural language (or ordinary language) is a Language that is spoken or written in phonemic-alphabetic or phonemically-related English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. The 8086 is a 16-bit Microprocessor chip designed by Intel and introduced on the market in 1978 which gave rise to the X86 architecture See the terminology section below for information regarding inconsistent use of the terms assembly and assembler See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal In Computer science, the kernel is the central component of most computer Operating systems (OS A monolithic kernel is a kernel architecture where the entire kernel is run in Kernel space in Supervisor mode. The user interface (or Human Computer Interface) is the aggregate of means by which people&mdash the users '&mdash interact with the System A software license (or software licence in commonwealth usage is a Legal instrument governing the usage or redistribution of copyright protected software Proprietary software is Computer software on which the producer has set restrictions on use private modification copying, or republishing. Seattle Computer Products (SCP was a Seattle Washington computer hardware company which was one of the first manufacturers of Computer systems based on the Intel The 8086 is a 16-bit Microprocessor chip designed by Intel and introduced on the market in 1978 which gave rise to the X86 architecture Initially known as QDOS (Quick and Dirty Operating System) the name was changed to 86-DOS once SCP started licensing the operating system. Quick-and-dirty is a term used in reference to anything that is an easy way to implement a Kludge.

86-DOS had a command structure and application programming interface that imitated that of Digital Research's CP/M operating system, which made it easy to port programs from the latter. Digital Research Inc (aka DR or DRI; originally Intergalactic Digital Research) was the company created by Dr CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers is an Operating system originally created for Intel 8080 / 85 based Microcomputers by Gary Kildall See also Software portability In Computer science, porting is the process of adapting software so that an executable program can be created The system was purchased by Microsoft and developed further as PC-DOS and MS-DOS. Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational Computer technology Corporation, which rose to dominate the Home computer IBM PC-DOS is a DOS operating system for the IBM Personal Computer, sold throughout the 1980s and 1990s MS-DOS (short for M icro' s' oft D isk O perating S ystem is an Operating system commercialized by Microsoft.

Contents

Origins

86-DOS was created because sales of the Seattle Computer Products (SCP) 8086 computer kit, demonstrated in June 1979 and shipped in November, were languishing due to the absence of an operating system. The only software which SCP could sell with the board was the stand-alone Microsoft BASIC-86, which Microsoft had developed on a prototype of SCP's hardware. Microsoft BASIC was the foundation product of the Microsoft company SCP wanted to offer the 8086 version of CP/M that Digital Research had announced, but its release date was uncertain. CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers is an Operating system originally created for Intel 8080 / 85 based Microcomputers by Gary Kildall This was not the first time DRI had lagged behind hardware developments; two years earlier it had been slow to adapt CP/M for new floppy disk formats and hard disks. In April 1980 SCP assigned 22-year-old Tim Paterson to develop a substitute for CP/M-86. Tim Paterson (born 1956 is an American Computer programmer, best known as the original author of MS-DOS, the most widely used Operating system CP/M-86 was a version of the CP/M operating system that Digital Research made for the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088.

Paterson designed 86-DOS with the same API and most of the user commands of CP/M. At the same time he made a number of changes to address what he saw as CP/M's shortcomings. CP/M cached file system information in memory for speed, but this required a user to force an update to a disk before removing it; if the user forgot, the disk would be corrupt. In Computer science, a cache (kæʃ like "cash") is a collection of data duplicating original In Computing, a file system (often also written as filesystem) is a method for storing and organizing Computer files and the data they contain to make Paterson took the safer but slower approach of updating the disk with each operation. CP/M's PIP command, which copied files, supported several special file names that referred to hardware devices such as printers and communication ports. Peripheral Interchange Program (PIP was a utility to transfer data files on Digital Equipment Corporation 's computers Paterson built these names into the operating system as device files so that any program could use them. He gave his copying program the more intuitive name COPY. Rather than implementing CP/M's file system, he used BASIC-86's FAT filesystem to maintain compatibility with systems that SCP had already shipped. Templateinfobox filesystem whilst covering all 3 file systems please make any style changes to both at the same time

IBM interest

In late 1980, IBM was developing what would become the original IBM Personal Computer. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology CP/M was by far the most popular operating system in use at the time, and IBM felt it needed CP/M in order to compete. IBM's representatives visited Digital Research and discussed licensing with DRI's licensing representative, Dorothy McEwen Kildall, who hesitated to sign IBM's non-disclosure agreement. Although the NDA was later accepted, DRI would not accept IBM's proposal of $250,000 in exchange for as many copies as IBM could sell, insisting on the usual royalty-based plan. [1] In later discussions between IBM and Bill Gates, Gates mentioned the existence of 86-DOS and IBM representative Jack Sams told him to get a license for it. If you would like to experiment with Wikipedia please copy

Creation of PC-DOS

Microsoft purchased a nonexclusive license for 86-DOS from Seattle Computer Products in December 1980 for $25,000. In May 1981, it hired Tim Paterson to port the system to the IBM-PC, which used the slower and less expensive Intel 8088 processor and had its own specific family of peripherals. The Intel 8088 is an Intel X86 Microprocessor based on the 8086, with 16- Bit registers and an 8-bit external Data bus IBM watched the developments daily, submitted over 300 change requests before accepting the product and wrote the user manual for it. A change request is a Document containing a call for an adjustment of a System; it is of great importance in the Change management process.

In July 1981, a month before the PC's release, Microsoft purchased all rights to 86-DOS from SCP for $50,000. It met IBM's main criteria: it looked like CP/M, and it was easy to adapt existing 8-bit CP/M programs to run under it, notably thanks to the TRANS command which would translate source files from 8080 to 8086 machine instructions. Microsoft licensed 86-DOS to IBM, and it became PC-DOS 1. 0. This license also permitted Microsoft to sell DOS to other companies, which it did. The deal was spectacularly successful, and SCP later claimed in court that Microsoft had concealed its relationship with IBM in order to purchase the operating system cheaply. SCP ultimately received a 1 million dollar settlement payment.

Intellectual property dispute

When DRI founder Gary Kildall examined PC-DOS and found that it duplicated CP/M's programming interface, he wanted to sue IBM, which at the time claimed that PC-DOS was its own product. Gary Arlen Kildall (May 19 1942 – July 11 1994 was an American Computer scientist and Microcomputer Entrepreneur who created the CP/M However, Digital Research's attorney did not believe that the relevant law was clear enough to sue (he now believes that later legal developments would have made this easier). Nonetheless, Kildall confronted IBM and persuaded them to offer CP/M-86 with the PC in exchange for a release of liability.

Controversy has continued to surround the similarity between the two systems. Perhaps the most sensational claim comes from Jerry Pournelle, who claims that Kildall personally demonstrated to him that DOS contained CP/M code by entering a command in DOS that displayed Kildall's name;[2] as of 2006 Pournelle has not revealed the command and nobody has come forward to corroborate his story. Jerry Eugene Pournelle (born August 7, 1933) is an American Science fiction Writer, Essayist and Journalist A 2004 book about Kildall says that he used such an encrypted message to demonstrate that other manufacturers had copied CP/M, but does not say that he found the message in DOS;[3] instead Kildall's memoir (a source for the book) pointed to the well-known interface similarity. Paterson insists that the 86-DOS software was his original work, and has denied referring to or otherwise using CP/M code while writing it. [4] After the 2004 book appeared, he sued the authors and publishers for defamation. [5] The court ruled in summary judgement that no defamation had occurred, as the book's claims were opinions based on research or were not provably false. For the simplification and shortening of a longer text see Summary. [6]

By 1982, when IBM asked Microsoft to release a version of DOS that was compatible with a hard disk, PC-DOS 2. A hard disk drive ( HDD) commonly referred to as a hard drive, hard disk, or fixed disk drive, is a Non-volatile storage device 0 was an almost complete rewrite of DOS, so by March 1983, very little of QDOS remained. The most enduring element of 86-DOS was its primitive line editor, EDLIN, which remained the only editor supplied with Microsoft versions of DOS until the June 1991 release of MS-DOS 5. Edlin is a Line editor included with MS-DOS and later Microsoft operating systems 0, which included a TUI-based editor, MS-DOS Editor based on QBasic. TUI short for Text User Interface or Textual User Interface (and sometimes Terminal User Interface) is a Retronym that was coined sometime MS-DOS Editor is a Text editor that comes with MS-DOS (since version 5 and 32-bit versions of Microsoft Windows. QBasic is an IDE and interpreter for a variant of the BASIC programming language which is based on QuickBasic. EDLIN can still be used on contemporary machines, since it is bundled with the emulated DOS environment up to Windows Vista.

Versions


Quotes

"We needed an operating system at Seattle Computer for our own computers and I wanted to do one. So we decided to go for it. I was waiting for Digital [Research] to come out with CP/M-86. I thought they would have it real soon. If they had beat me I wouldn't have taken the trouble. I had always wanted to write my own operating system. I've always hated CP/M and thought I could do it a lot better. "

– Tim Paterson [8]

"IBM wanted CP/M prompts. Tim Paterson (born 1956 is an American Computer programmer, best known as the original author of MS-DOS, the most widely used Operating system CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers is an Operating system originally created for Intel 8080 / 85 based Microcomputers by Gary Kildall It made me throw up. "

– Tim Paterson [8]

References

  1. ^ Freiberger, Paul; Michael Swaine [1984] (2000). Tim Paterson (born 1956 is an American Computer programmer, best known as the original author of MS-DOS, the most widely used Operating system Fire in the Valley: The Making of the Personal Computer, 2nd edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, pp. 332-333. ISBN 0-07-135892-7.  
  2. ^ this WEEK in TECH The TWiT Netcast Network Podcast accessed on 2006-11-28
  3. ^ Evans, Harold; Gail Buckland, and David Lefer (2004). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events They Made America. Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 0-316-27766-5.  
  4. ^ Paterson, Tim (1994-10-03). "The Origins of DOS". Microprocessor Report.  
  5. ^ Associated Press. "Programmer sues author over role in Microsoft history", USA Today, 2005-02-03. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Retrieved on 2006-11-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events  
  6. ^ Order (2007-07-25). Paterson v. Little, Brown, and Co. , et al. W. D. Wash.. The United States District Court for the Western District of Washington is the Federal district court whose jurisdiction comprises the following counties Clallam Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
  7. ^ BYTE Magazine, A Short History of MS-DOS, June, 1983.
  8. ^ a b Hunter, David (1983). "The Roots of DOS". Softalk for the IBM Personal Computer. Softalk (ISSN 0724-9629 was a Magazine of the early 1980s that focused on the Apple II computer  

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