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8½

Original theatrical poster
Directed by Federico Fellini
Produced by Angelo Rizzoli
Written by Ennio Flaiano
Tullio Pinelli
Federico Fellini
Brunello Rondi
Starring Marcello Mastroianni
Claudia Cardinale
Anouk Aimée
Sandra Milo
Music by Nino Rota
Cinematography Gianni Di Venanzo
Editing by Leo Cattozzo
Release date(s) February 14, 1963 (Italy)
June 25, 1963 (US)
Running time 138 minutes
Country Italy
Language Italian
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

8½ (Italian: Otto e mezzo) is a 1963 film written and directed by Italian director Federico Fellini. Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( January 20 1920 &ndash October 31 1993) was an Italian Film Angelo Rizzoli (born October 31, 1889 in Milan – died September 24, 1970) was an Italian Publisher and Tullio Pinelli (born June 24, 1908) is an award-winning screenwriter best known for his work on the Federico Fellini classics I vitelloni Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (September 28 1924 &ndash December 19 1996 was an Italian film actor Claudia Cardinale (born April 15, 1938) is an Italian actress born in Tunis, Tunisia. Anouk Aimée (born 27 April 1932 is an Academy Award -nominated Golden Globe -winning French Film actress. Sandra Milo (born March 11, 1935) is an Italian Actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles in Federico Fellini ’s 8½ Nino Rota ( December 3, 1911 &ndash April 10, 1979) was an Italian Composer best known for his work on Film scores Gianni di Venanzo ( December 18, 1920 - January 3, 1966) born in Teramo, Abruzzo, was a distinguished Italian Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. The year 1963 in film involved some significant events Events January 28 - Filming begins on Dr Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest A film director, or filmmaker, is a person who directs the making of a Film. Federico Fellini, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( January 20 1920 &ndash October 31 1993) was an Italian Film It is regularly acclaimed by film critics as one of the finest films ever made; it consistently ranks in the "top ten best movies ever" lists by cinema institutes and academies; in a recent poll of film directors conducted by the British Film Institute, 8½ was ranked 3rd best film of all time. Film review redirects here for the similar sounding Film revue please visit Revue#Film revues. The British Film Institute ( BFI) is a charitable organisation established by Royal Charter to encourage the development of the arts of film television [1] The film was shot in black-and-white by influential and innovative cinematographer Gianni di Venanzo, and features a soundtrack by Nino Rota. Black-and-white is a number of Monochrome forms in Visual arts. Gianni di Venanzo ( December 18, 1920 - January 3, 1966) born in Teramo, Abruzzo, was a distinguished Italian Nino Rota ( December 3, 1911 &ndash April 10, 1979) was an Italian Composer best known for his work on Film scores

Contents

Background

Title

This film's title refers to the total number of films Fellini had previously directed. These previous works included six full-length feature films, two short segments, and a collaboration with another director. The latter three projects accounted for a "half" film each. Thus, after directing these "7½" prior projects, this film became production number "8½" for Fellini. [2]

Fellini's previous six full-length feature films included: Lo sceicco bianco (The White Sheik) in 1952, I vitelloni (Vitelloni) in 1953, La strada (The Road) in 1954, Il bidone (The Swindle) in 1955, Le notti di Cabiria (Nights of Cabiria) in 1957, and La dolce vita (The Sweet Life) in 1960. The White Sheik ( Lo sceicco bianco) is a 1952 film by Federico Fellini starring Leopoldo Trieste, Alberto Sordi, and The year 1952 in film involved some significant events Events January 10 - Cecil B I vitelloni ( 1953) is an Italian and French Comedy drama Film directed by Federico Fellini. The year 1953 in film involved some significant events Events September 16 — The Robe debuts as The year 1954 in film involved some significant events Events May 12 - The Marx Brothers' Zeppo Marx Il bidone ( English: The Swindle and The Swindlers) ( 1955) is an Italian film directed by Federico The year 1955 in film involved some significant events Events November 3 - The musical Guys and Dolls Nights of Cabiria ( Le notti di Cabiria) ( 1957) is an Italian Film directed by Federico Fellini. The year 1957 in film involved some significant events Events October 21 - The movie Jailhouse Rock The year 1960 in film involved some significant events Events April 20 - for the first time since coming home from military

His two short segments included: the segment "Un Agenzia Matrimoniale" ("Marriage Agency") in the 1953 film L'amore in città (Love in the City) and the segment "Le Tentazioni del Dottor Antonio" from the 1962 film Boccaccio '70. The year 1953 in film involved some significant events Events September 16 — The Robe debuts as L'Amore in Città (English Love in the City) is a 1953 Portmanteau film composed of six different segments each with a different writer or director The year 1962 in film involved some significant events Events Dr Boccaccio '70 is a 1962 Italian Portmanteau film directed by Mario Monicelli, Federico Fellini, Luchino Visconti His collaboration, with Alberto Lattuada, was Luci del varietà (Variety Lights) in 1950. Alberto Lattuada ( 13 November 1914 - 3 July 2005) was an Italian Film director. Variety Lights ( Luci del varietà) is a 1950 Italian film directed and produced by Federico Fellini. The year 1950 in film involved some significant events Events February 15 - Walt Disney Studios

The working title for 8½ was La bella confusione (The Beautiful Confusion). A working title, sometimes called a production title, is the temporary name of a product or project used during its development usually a Film, Novel

Plot

The plot revolves around an Italian film director, Guido Anselmi (Marcello Mastroianni), who is suffering from "director's block. Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (September 28 1924 &ndash December 19 1996 was an Italian film actor Writer's block is a Phenomenon involving temporary loss of ability to begin or continue writing usually due to lack of inspiration or Creativity. " He is supposed to be directing an ill-defined science fiction film but has lost interest amid artistic and marital difficulties. As Guido struggles half-heartedly to work on the film, a series of flashbacks and dreams delve into his memories and fantasies; they are frequently interwoven with reality.

Cast

Themes

8½ is about the struggles involved in the creative process, both technical and personal, and the problems artists face when expected to deliver something personal and profound with intense public scrutiny, on a constricted schedule, while simultaneously having to deal with their own personal relationships. Marcello Vincenzo Domenico Mastroianni (September 28 1924 &ndash December 19 1996 was an Italian film actor Claudia Cardinale (born April 15, 1938) is an Italian actress born in Tunis, Tunisia. Anouk Aimée (born 27 April 1932 is an Academy Award -nominated Golden Globe -winning French Film actress. Sandra Milo (born March 11, 1935) is an Italian Actress. She is perhaps best known for her roles in Federico Fellini ’s 8½ Barbara Steele (born December 19, 1937 in Birkenhead, Merseyside, England, UK) is an English film actress. Madeleine LeBeau (born either Marie Madeleine Berthe Lebeau on June 10 1923, in Antony Hauts-de-Seine, France or as Marie Creativity is a mental process involving the generation of new Ideas or Concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts It is, in a larger sense, about finding true personal happiness in a difficult, fragmented life. Finally, like many Italian films of the period (and most famously evident in the films of Fellini's contemporary, Michelangelo Antonioni), 8½ is about the alienating effects of modernization. Michelangelo Antonioni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( September 29 1912 &ndash July 30 2007) was an Italian Modernist The idea of modernization comes from a view of societies as having a standard Evolutionary pattern as described in the Social evolutionism theories [3]

Autobiographical elements

8½ is highly autobiographical: Fellini made the film because he himself was suffering from a director's block; the character of Guido (played by Mastroianni, whom Fellini often used to mirror himself in his films) is a representation of himself and many of Guido's memories are based on Fellini's own. Because of this, 8½ is a recursive film: a film about the creation of itself as well as a metafilm. Recursion, in Mathematics and Computer science, is a method of defining functions in which the function being defined is applied within its own definition Similar to Metafiction in technique the style of the film-making shows that the film is a metaphor about the production of the film and that the audience is tied in with the drama unfolding

Fellini did not originally intend the film to be so obviously autobiographical. According to screenwriter Tullio Pinelli, in the original script, Guido was a writer who could not finish his novel. However, when Fellini found out that Marcello Mastroianni had just played a writer in Michelangelo Antonioni’s La notte, he changed the character into a movie director, explaining, "How am I going to ask Marcello to play a writer again? He’ll end up believing he’s one and he’ll write a novel. Michelangelo Antonioni, Cavaliere di Gran Croce OMRI ( September 29 1912 &ndash July 30 2007) was an Italian Modernist La Notte ( The Night) is a 1961 Italian film directed by Michelangelo Antonioni. "[4]

Four years after completing 8½, life imitated art. Fellini's producer, Dino De Laurentiis, had invested in an expensive replica of Cologne Cathedral and other huge sets that had been built in Cinecittà for Fellini's film Il viaggio di G. Agostino De Laurentiis, usually credited as Dino De Laurentiis (born August 8 1919) is an Academy Award -winning Italian Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom officially de Hohe Domkirche St Cinecittà ( Italian for Cinema City) is a large Film studio in Rome that is the hub of Italian cinema. Mastorna. Fellini then informed De Laurentiis that he would not finish the film. De Laurentiis was furious, much like the producer in 8½.

Critical reaction

Since its release, the film has received worldwide praise from critics and audiences alike. Roger Ebert wrote in his 1993 review of 8½ that "it remains the definitive film about director's block"[5] making it no surprise that it came number three on the 2002 Sight and Sound Director's Poll (beaten only by Citizen Kane and The Godfather Parts 1 and 2. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. Citizen Kane ( 1941) is an American Dramatic film, and the first Feature film directed by Orson Welles, who also co-authored The Godfather is a 1972 Crime drama film based on the 1969 novel of the same name by Mario Puzo and directed ) The film also features #5 on They Shoot Pictures, Don't They's Top 1000 films. Popular film magazines such as Empire have given it excellent reviews to this day and many critics still consider it the best movie about making movies. Empire is a British Film Magazine published Monthly by Bauer Consumer Media.

Production

During production, Fellini handwrote a note to himself and attached it to the camera below the viewfinder so that he would constantly see it when filming. This article is about motion picture film cameras See Video camera for cameras which record images electronically This article is about the definition for the short story by Raymond Carver, see Viewfinder (short story In Photography, a It stated, "Ricordati che è un film comico. " ("Remember, this is a comedy. ")

As with most Italian films of this period the sound was entirely dubbed in afterwards; following a technique dear to Fellini many lines of the dialogue were written only during post production, while the actors on the set mouthed random lines. This film marks the first time actress Claudia Cardinale was allowed to dub her own dialogue — previously her voice was thought to be too throaty and, coupled with her Tunisian accent, was considered undesirable. Claudia Cardinale (born April 15, 1938) is an Italian actress born in Tunis, Tunisia. Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. [6]

Technical details

8½ was filmed in the spherical cinematographic process, using 35-millimeter film, and was exhibited with an aspect ratio of 1. 78:1.

Awards

8½ won two Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film and Best Costume Design (Black and White). "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the Academy Awards of Merit, popularly known as the Oscars handed out annually by the U This Academy Award was first given for movies made in 1948 when separate awards were given for black-and-white and color movies It also garnered three other nominations for Best Director, Best Original Screenplay, and Best Art Direction (Black-and-White). The Academy Award for Achievement in Directing (Best Director is one of the Awards of Merit presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS to The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award for the best script not based upon previously published material The Academy Awards are the oldest awards ceremony for achievements in motion pictures.

The film won all of the seven awards it was nominated for at the Italian National Syndicate of Film Journalists.

It won the top award at the Moscow Film Festival. Moscow International Film Festival (abbreviated as MIFF) is the second oldest festival in the world after the Venice Film Festival.

8½ is a fixture on the prestigious Sight & Sound critics' and directors' polls of the top ten films ever made. Sight & Sound ( is a British monthly Film Magazine published by the British Film Institute (BFI It ranks number three on the magazine's "Directors' Top Ten Poll", and number nine on the "Critics' Top Ten Poll", from 2002. [1]

It is ranked as the 4th Best Foreign Language film of all time by the Screen Directory. [7]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Directors' Top Ten Poll. Similar to Metafiction in technique the style of the film-making shows that the film is a metaphor about the production of the film and that the audience is tied in with the drama unfolding British Film Institute. Retrieved on 2007-03-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.
  2. ^ BBC - Films - review - Fellini 8&frac12
  3. ^ Screening the Past. Retrieved on 2007-09-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian
  4. ^ The Criterion Collection: 8 1/2 by Federico Fellini
  5. ^ Ebert, Roger (1993-05-07). Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Reviews :: Fellini's 8 1/2. rogerebert. com. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  6. ^ 8½, Criterion Collection DVD, featured commentary track.
  7. ^ Top Ten Listings: Foreign Language. The Screen Directory. Retrieved on 2007-03-26. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor.

External links

Awards
Preceded by
Sundays and Cybele		 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
1963		 Succeeded by
Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Preceded by
Sundays and Cybele		 Golden Globe for Best Foreign Film
1964		 Succeeded by
Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Sundays and Cybele is a 1962 French film directed by Serge Bourguignon. The Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the Academy Awards of Merit, popularly known as the Oscars handed out annually by the U Yesterday Today and Tomorrow ( Ieri oggi domani) is a Comedy film by Italian director Vittorio de Sica. Sundays and Cybele is a 1962 French film directed by Serge Bourguignon. The Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film is one of the awards presented at the Golden Globes, an American film awards ceremony Yesterday Today and Tomorrow ( Ieri oggi domani) is a Comedy film by Italian director Vittorio de Sica.
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