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433 Eros
This picture of Eros shows the view looking from one end of the asteroid across the gouge on its underside and toward the opposite end.
Discovery
Discovered by Carl Gustav Witt
Discovery date August 13, 1898
Designations
Alternative names 1898 DQ; 1956 PC
Minor planet
category		 Amor,
Mars-crosser asteroid
Epoch October 22, 2004 (JD 2453300. Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A provisional designation in astronomy is the naming convention applied to Astronomical objects immediately following their discovery The Amor asteroids are a group of Near-Earth asteroids named after the asteroid 1221 Amor. In Physics, an orbit is the gravitationally curved path of one object around a point or another body for example the gravitational orbit of a planet around a star In Astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time used as a reference for the Orbital elements of a Celestial body. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Julian date (JD is the interval of time in days and fractions of a day since 4713 B 5)
Aphelion 266. In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from 762 Gm (1. 783 AU)
Perihelion 169. In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from 548 Gm (1. 133 AU)
Semi-major axis 218. In Geometry, the semi-major axis (also semimajor axis) is used to describe the dimensions of ellipses and hyperbolae 155 Gm (1. For other meanings see Giga (disambiguation Giga- (symbol G is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting 109 The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International 458 AU)
Eccentricity 0. The astronomical unit ( AU or au or au or sometimes ua) is a unit of Length based on the distance from the Earth to the In Astrodynamics, under standard assumptions, any Orbit must be of Conic section shape 223
Orbital period 643. The orbital period is the time taken for a given object to make one complete Orbit about another object 219 d (1. A day (symbol d is a unit of Time equivalent to 24 Hours and the duration of a single Rotation of planet Earth with respect to the 76 a)
Average orbital speed 24. In Astronomy, a Julian year (symbol a) is a unit of measurement of Time defined The orbital speed of a body generally a Planet, a Natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a Multiple star, is the speed at which it 36 km/s
Mean anomaly 320. The second ( SI symbol s) sometimes abbreviated sec, is the name of a unit of Time, and is the International System of Units In the study of orbital dynamics the mean anomaly of an orbiting body is the Angle the body would have traveled about the center of the orbit's Auxiliary circle 215°
Inclination 10. Inclination in general is the Angle between a Reference plane and another plane or axis of direction 829°
Longitude of ascending node 304. This article describes the unit of angle For other meanings see Degree. The longitude of the ascending node (☊ or Ω is one of the Orbital elements used to specify the Orbit of an object in space 401°
Argument of perihelion 178. The argument of periapsis (or argument of perifocus) ( ω) is the Orbital element describing the Angle of an Orbiting body's periapsis 664°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions 13×13×33 km
Mass 7. The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Mass is a fundamental concept in Physics, roughly corresponding to the Intuitive idea of how much Matter there is in an object 2×1015 kg
Mean density 2. The density of a material is defined as its Mass per unit Volume: \rho = \frac{m}{V} Different materials usually have different 4 g/cm³
Equatorial surface gravity 0. A cubic centimetre or cubic centimeter (symbol cm3 —the abbreviation cc, though widely used is deprecated is a commonly used unit of Volume The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical or other object is the Gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface 0059 m/s²
Escape velocity 0. In Physics, escape velocity is the speed where the Kinetic energy of an object is equal to the magnitude of its Gravitational potential energy 0103 km/s
Rotation period 0. The rotation period of an astronomical object is the time it takes to complete one revolution around its Axis of rotation relative to the background stars 2194 d (5 h 16 min)
Albedo 0. The albedo of an object is the extent to which it diffusely reflects light from the sun 16
Temperature ~227 K
Spectral type S
Apparent magnitude +7. Temperature is a physical property of a system that underlies the common notions of hot and cold something that is hotter generally has the greater temperature The kelvin (symbol K) is a unit increment of Temperature and is one of the seven SI base units The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic S-type asteroids are of a silicaceous ( stony) composition hence the name The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value 1 to +15
Absolute magnitude 11. In Astronomy, absolute magnitude (also known as absolute visual magnitude) is the Apparent magnitude an object would have if it were at a standard 16

433 Eros (pronounced /ˈɪərɒs/ irr'-os) is the first discovered Near-Earth asteroid, named after the Greek god of love, Eros (Greek Ἔρως). Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs are Asteroids whose Orbits are close to Earth 's orbit Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance Love is any of a number of Emotions and experiences related to a sense of strong Affection. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly It is an S-type asteroid approximately 13 × 13 × 33 km in size, the second-largest near-Earth asteroid (NEA) after 1036 Ganymed, belonging to the Amors. S-type asteroids are of a silicaceous ( stony) composition hence the name Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs are Asteroids whose Orbits are close to Earth 's orbit The Amor asteroids are a group of Near-Earth asteroids named after the asteroid 1221 Amor. It is a Mars-crosser asteroid and was the first asteroid that was known to come within the orbit of Mars. Eros is one of the few NEAs with a maximum diameter greater than 10km. It is believed to be larger than the impactor that created Chicxulub Crater in the Yucatán, which has been linked to the extinction of the dinosaurs. The Chicxulub Crater (tʃikʃuˈlub is an ancient Impact crater buried underneath the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Yucatán is one of the 31 states of Mexico, located on the north of the Yucatán Peninsula. The Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction event, which occurred approximately ( Ma) was a large-scale mass extinction of animal and plant species in a geologically [1]

On January 31, 2012, Eros is expected to pass Earth at 0. 1787 astronomical units (16. The astronomical unit ( AU or au or au or sometimes ua) is a unit of Length based on the distance from the Earth to the 6 million miles) with a visual magnitude of +8. The apparent magnitude ( m) of a celestial body is a measure of its Brightness as seen by an observer on Earth, normalized to the value 1. But during rare oppositions, every 81 years, such as in 1975 and 2056, Eros can reach a magnitude of +7. 1, which is brighter than Neptune and brighter than any main belt asteroid except 4 Vesta and, rarely, 2 Pallas and 7 Iris. Neptune ( English|AmE] ] is the eighth and farthest Planet from the Sun in the Solar System. The asteroid belt is the region of the Solar System located roughly between the orbits of the Planets Mars and Jupiter. TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 4 Vesta (ˈvɛstə Vesta is the second most massive object in the Asteroid belt TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 2 Pallas (ˈpæləs, or as Παλλάς) is one of the largest TemplateInfobox Planet. --> 7 Iris (ˈaɪrɪs Ίρις) is a large Main belt Under this condition, the asteroid actually appears to stop, but unlike the normal condition for a body in heliocentric conjunction with the Earth, it never appears to be retrograde. Its synodic period of over 846 Earth days is among the largest of any body in the Solar System. The orbital period is the time taken for a given object to make one complete Orbit about another object

Eros was visited by the NEAR Shoemaker probe, which orbited it, taking extensive photographs of its surface, and, on February 12, 2001, at the end of its mission, landed on the asteroid's surface using its maneuvering jets. The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR Shoemaker renamed after its launch in honor of planetary scientist Eugene M Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Objects in an orbit like Eros can exist for only a few hundred million years before the orbit is perturbed by gravitational interactions. Simulations suggest that Eros may evolve into an Earth-crosser within 2 million years (Michel et al. , 1996).

The rarely-used adjectival form of the name Eros is Erotian (pronounced /ɪˈroʊʃən/).

Contents

Physical characteristics

Surface gravity depends on the distance from a spot on the surface to the center of a body's mass. The Erotian surface gravity varies greatly, since Eros is not a sphere but an elongated peanut-shaped (or potato- or shoe-shaped) object. The daytime temperature on Eros can reach about 100 °C at perihelion. Nighttime measurements fall near −150 °C. Eros's density is 2,400 kg/m3, about the same as the density of Earth's crust. It rotates once every 5. 27 hours.

NEAR scientists have found that most of the larger rocks strewn across Eros were ejected from a single crater in a meteorite collision approximately 1 billion years ago. This impact may also be responsible for the 40 percent of the Erotian surface that is devoid of craters smaller than 0. 5 kilometers across. It was originally thought that the debris thrown up by the collision filled in the smaller craters. An analysis of crater densities over the surface indicates that the areas with lower crater density are within 9 kilometers of the impact point. Some of the lower density areas were found on the opposite side of the asteroid but still within 9 kilometers.

It is theorized that seismic shockwaves propagated through the asteroid, shaking smaller craters into rubble. Seismology (from Greek grc σεισμός seismos, "earthquake" and grc -λογία -logia) is the scientific study of Earthquakes Since Eros is irregularly shaped, a 9 kilometer straight line through the asteroid can reach locations that would be further away if travelling across the surface, thus leading to the uneven pattern of crater density on the surface. (Thomas & Robinson, 2005)

History

As one of the larger Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs), Eros has played a significant role in history. Near-Earth asteroids (NEAs are Asteroids whose Orbits are close to Earth 's orbit It was discovered on the same night (13 August 1898) by Gustav Witt in Berlin and Auguste Charlois at Nice[2]. Witt was taking a 2 hour exposure of Beta Aquarii to secure astrometric positions of asteroid 185 Eunike. (β Aqr / β Aquarii is the brightest star in the Constellation Aquarius. [3]

During the opposition of 1900-1901, a world-wide program was launched to make parallax measurements of the asteroid to determine the solar parallax (or distance to the sun), with the results published in 1910 by Arthur Hinks of Cambridge[4]. Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or semi-angle of inclination between The city of Cambridge (ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ is a university town and the administrative centre of the county of Cambridgeshire, England A similar program was then carried out, during a closer approach, in 1930-1931 by Harold Spencer Jones[5]. Sir Harold Spencer Jones KBE ( March 29 1890 Kensington, London &ndash November 3 1960) was an English The value obtained by this program was considered definitive until 1968, when greater faith was placed in radar and dynamical parallax methods. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships In Astronomy, the Distance to a visual binary star may be estimated from the Masses of its two components the size of their Orbit, and the period

In 1975, Eros became the first asteroid to be detected by radar. [6]

Eros was one of the first asteroids to be visited by a spacecraft, and the first to be orbited and soft-landed on. NASA spacecraft NEAR Shoemaker entered orbit around Eros in 2000, and came to rest on its surface in 2001. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous - Shoemaker (NEAR Shoemaker renamed after its launch in honor of planetary scientist Eugene M

Legal controversy

In an experimental legal case, Eros was claimed as property by Gregory W. Nemitz of OrbDev. According to the Homestead principle, Nemitz argued that he had the right to claim ownership of any celestial body that he made use of; he claimed he had designated Eros a spacecraft parking facility and wished to charge NASA a parking and storage fee of twenty cents per year for NEAR Shoemaker. The Homestead principle in law is the concept that one can gain ownership of a property that currently has no owner by using that property The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Nemitz's case was dismissed and an appeal denied. [7]

See also

References and Notes

  1. ^ Dividing the mass of 433 Eros by its density gives a volume of 3000 km3, while the estimated 5 km radius of the (assumed spherical) Chicxulub Crater impactor yields a volume of only about 520 km3.
  2. ^ Scholl, Hans and Lutz D. Schmadel, "Discovery Circumstances of the First Near-Earth Asteroid (433) Eros", Beiträge zur Astronomiegeschichte, vol. 5, p. 210-220 (2002)
  3. ^ http://trs-new.jpl.nasa.gov/dspace/bitstream/2014/31429/1/95-1108.pdf
  4. ^ Hinks, A. R. , "Solar Parallax Papers No. 7: The General Solution from the Photographic Right Ascensions of Eros, at the Opposition of 1900", Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society v. 69, no. 7, pp. 544 ff. (1910)
  5. ^ Jones, H. Spencer, "The Solar Parallax and the Mass of the Moon from Observations of Eros at the Opposition of 1931", Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society, v. LXVI, part II (1941)
  6. ^ http://www.iac.es/galeria/mrk/Eros_eng.html
  7. ^ The Eros Project

External links

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program
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