| Centuries: | 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC |
| Decades: | 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC - 430s BC - 420s BC 410s BC 400s BC |
| Years: | 434 BC 433 BC 432 BC - 431 BC - 430 BC 429 BC 428 BC |
| 431 BC by topic | |
| Politics | |
| State leaders - Sovereign states | |
| Birth and death categories | |
| Births - Deaths | |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories | |
| Establishments - Disestablishments | |
| Gregorian calendar | 431 BC |
| Ab urbe condita | 323 |
| Armenian calendar | N/A |
| Bahá'í calendar | -2274 – -2273 |
| Berber calendar | 520 |
| Buddhist calendar | 114 |
| Burmese calendar | -1068 |
| Chinese calendar | 2206/2266 ([[Sexagenary cycle|]]年) — to —
2207/2267([[Sexagenary cycle|]]年) |
| Coptic calendar | -714 – -713 |
| Ethiopian calendar | -438 – -437 |
| Hebrew calendar | 3330 – 3331 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | -375 – -374 |
| - Shaka Samvat | N/A |
| - Kali Yuga | 2671 – 2672 |
| Holocene calendar | 9570 |
| Iranian calendar | 1052 BP – 1051 BP |
| Islamic calendar | 1084 BH – 1083 BH |
| Japanese calendar | |
| Korean calendar | 1903 |
| Thai solar calendar | 113 |
Events
By place
Greece
- Athens enters into an alliance with King Sitalkes of Thrace, after Nymphodorus, an influential Athenian, marries Sitalkes' sister. The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular centuries and millennia. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and trends 468 BC — Sophocles, Greek Playwright, defeats Aeschylus for the Athenian Prize. Events and trends 459 BC — Destruction of the Sicilian town of Morgantina by Douketios, leader of the Sikels, according Events and trends 449 BC — Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens. Events and trends 439 BC — Cincinnatus again became dictator of the Roman Republic, during which he defeated the Volsci Events and trends Peloponnesian War 429 BC — Battle of Chalcis — Chalcidians and their allies defeat Athens Events and trends Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta Births Deaths This page indexes the individual Years pages Twenty-first century Events By place Greece Under the leadership of Pericles, Athens introduces a series of measures (the " Megarian decree Events By place Greece Pericles concludes a defensive alliance with Corcyra ( Corfu) the strong naval power in the Events By place Greece Sparta calls and hosts a conference of the Peloponnesian League. Events By place Greece The army of Sparta loots Attica for a second time but Pericles is not daunted and refuses Events By place Greece The Athenians under Xenophon march into Thrace to attack Chalcis. Events By place Greece The chief city of Lesbos, Mytilene, revolts against Athenian rule The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Ab Urbe condita (literally "from The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. Kali Yuga ( Devanāgarī: sa कलियुग lit "Age of Kali " "age of vice" is one of the four stages of development that the world goes The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Thrace (Тракия Trakiya or "Trakija" or Trakia, Θράκη Thráki, Trakya is a historical and geographic area in southeast Europe Nymphodorus then negotiates an agreement between Athens and Macedon's King Perdiccas II, through which Perdiccas regains Therma. Macedon or Macedonia ( Greek grc Μακεδονία grc-Latn Makedonía) was the name of a kingdom centered in the northern-most Perdiccas II ( Greek: Περδίκκας Β) was King of Macedonia from about 454 BC to about 413 BC Therma ( Therme) () was a Greek city founded by Eretrians or Corinthians in late 7th century BC in ancient Mygdonia (which was later As a result, Athens withdraws its support for Perdiccas' brother, Philip, and the Thracians promise to assist Perdiccas in capturing him. In return, Perdiccas marches on the Chalcidians, the people he has originally persuaded to revolt. Chalcis or Chalkida, Halkida, Halkis or Chalkis ( Greek, Modern Χαλκίδα xal'ciða Ancient/ Katharevousa: -ίς
- A Theban raid on Plataea, the only pro-Athenian city in Boeotia, is a failure and the Plataeans take 180 prisoners and put them to death. Thebes ( Classic Greek Θῆβαι, Mod Θήβα) is a city in Greece, situated to the north of the Cithaeron range which divides For the Geometer moth Genus, see Plataea (moth. Plataea or Plataeae was an ancient city located in Greece Boeotia, Beotia, or Bœotia ( Greek: Βοιωτία - English biːˈoʊʃiə formerly Cadmeis was a region of Ancient Greece, north of the Athens supports Plataea while Sparta aligns itself with Thebes. Sparta enlists the help of the Greek cities in Italy and Sicily. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. Both Sparta and Athens appeal to Persia, but without result. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia
- The Spartans, led by King Archidamus II, invade Attica effectively starting the Second Peloponnesian War between the Athenian Empire and the Peloponnesian League. Archidamus II' was a king of Sparta who reigned from approximately 476 BC to 427 BC Attica (Αττική Attikí;) is a periphery (subdivision in Greece, containing Athens, the capital of Greece The Peloponnesian League was an alliance of states in the Peloponnese in the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The Spartans lay waste to the countryside around Athens. Athenian leader, Pericles, does not seriously oppose them, rather withdrawing the rural population of the country districts within Athens' city walls. Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator Instead, he pursues active naval warfare and reduces any danger from the island of Aegina by replacing its native population with Athenians. Aegina ( Greek: Αίγινα ( Egina) is one of the Saronic Islands of Greece in the Saronic Gulf, 17 miles (30 km from
Roman Republic
- The Romans defeat the Aequi and the Volsci at the battle of the River Algidus. The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The Aequi were an ancient people of north-east Latium, in central Italy, whose name occurs constantly in Livy 's first decade as hostile to Rome The Volsci were an ancient Italic people, well known in the history of the first century of the Roman Republic.
By topic
Anatomy
- The Greek physician and philosopher Empedocles articulates the notion that the human body has four humours: blood, bile, black bile, and phlegm, a belief which dominates medical thinking for centuries. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Empedocles ( Greek:, ca 490–430 BC was a Greek Pre-Socratic Philosopher and a citizen of Agrigentum, a Greek colony in Humorism, or humoralism, was a theory of the makeup and workings of the human body adopted by Greek and Roman physicians and philosophers Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Bile or gall is a bitter yellow or green Alkaline fluid secreted by Hepatocytes from the Liver of most Vertebrates In many species Phlegm ( is sticky Fluid secreted by the Mucous membranes of Humans and other Animals. Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the
Literature
- Euripides' play Medea wins third prize at the Dionysia, the famous Athenian dramatic festival. Euripides ( Ancient Greek:) (ca 480 BC–406 BC was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus Medea (Μήδεια / Mēdeia) is a tragedy play written by Euripides, based upon the myth of Jason and Medea and first produced The Dionysia was a large religious festival in ancient Athens in honor of the god Dionysus, the central event of which was the performance of tragedies
Births
- Xenophon, Greek mercenary and writer
Deaths
Xenophon (Ancient Greek, Modern Greek "Ξενοφών" "Ξενοφώντας" caDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic