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For another meaning, see 3M computer. 3M was a goal first proposed in the early 1980s Raj Reddy and his colleagues at CMU as a minimum specification for academic/technical Workstations at least a Megabyte
3M Company
Type Public (NYSE: MMM)
Founded Two Harbors, Minnesota, USA (1902)
Headquarters Maplewood, Minnesota, USA
Key people George W. Buckley, Chairman, President and CEO
Patrick D. A public company usually refers to a company that is permitted to offer its registered securities ( Stock, bonds, etc The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. Two Harbors is a city in and the County seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Maplewood, incorporated in 1957 is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. George W Buckley is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive of 3M. Campbell, Senior VP/CFO
Industry Conglomerate
Products Adhesives
Abrasives
Revenue ▲$24. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A conglomerate is a large Company that consists of seemingly unrelated Business sections In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need Glue or adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together An abrasive is a material often a Mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 5 billion USD (2007) [1]
Net income ▲$4. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Net income is equal to the Income that a firm has after subtracting costs and Expenses from the total Revenue. 1 billion USD (2007) [2]
Employees 76,239 (2007)
Website 3M.com

3M Company (NYSE: MMM), formerly Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company until 2002, is an American multinational conglomerate corporation with a worldwide presence. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Multinational corporation ( MNC) or transnational corporation ( TNC) is a Corporation or enterprise that manages Production or delivers A conglomerate is a large company that consists of diverse divisions

It produces over 75,000 products, including: adhesives, abrasives, laminates, passive fire protection, dental products, electrical materials, electronic circuits, and optical films. Glue or adhesive is a compound that adheres or bonds two items together An abrasive is a material often a Mineral, that is used to shape or finish a workpiece through rubbing which leads to part of the workpiece being worn away A laminate is a material constructed by uniting two or more layers of material together Passive fire protection (PFP is an integral component of the three components of structural Fire protection and fire safety in a Building. 3M has operations in more than 60 countries – 29 international companies with manufacturing operations, and 35 with laboratories. 3M products are available for purchase through distributors and retailers in more than 200 countries, and many 3M products are available online directly from the company.

Contents

History

Starting out on the North Shore of Lake Superior at Two Harbors, Minnesota in 1902, the company moved to Duluth, Minnesota, and moved to its current headquarters in Maplewood (a St. Paul suburb) in 1906. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. Two Harbors is a city in and the County seat of Lake County, Minnesota, United States, along the shore of Lake Superior. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Duluth is a Port City in the US state of Minnesota and the County seat of St Maplewood, incorporated in 1957 is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States. Saint Paul ( abbreviated St Paul) is the capital and second most populous city in the U Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The company began by mining stone from quarries for use in grinding wheels. Struggling with quality and marketing of its products, top management supported its workers to innovate and develop new products, which eventually would develop into its core business. Twelve years after being founded, 3M was able to develop its first exclusive product: 3M Three-M-ite cloth. Other innovations around this time by 3M included waterproof sandpaper and masking tape. After this point, the famous Scotch brand tape was “born. Scotch Tape is used to describe certain Pressure sensitive tapes manufactured by 3M as part of the company's Scotch brand ” By 1929 3M made its first moves in to an international expansion by forming “Durex” in order to conduct business in Europe. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This same year, the company’s stocks were first traded over the counter and in 1946 the stocks were listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The New York Stock Exchange ( NYSE) is a Stock exchange based in New York City. The company is currently a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and of the S&P 500. The Dow Jones Industrial Average ( also called the DJIA, Dow 30, INDP, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several The S&P 500 is a Stock market index containing the stocks of 500 Large-Cap Corporations all of which are from the United States.

Founding

The company was founded by Henry S. Bryan, Herman W. Cable, John Dwan, William A, McGonagle, and Dr. J. Danley Budd who incorporated 3M on the shore of Lake Superior in 1902. Lake Superior is the largest of the five Great Lakes of North America. Their original plan was to sell the mineral corundum to manufacturers in the East for making grinding wheels. Corundum (from Tamil kurundam குருந்தம் or kuruvindam குருவிந்தம் is a Crystalline form of After selling only one load, on June 13, 1902 the five went the Two Harbors office of company secretary John Dwan—now part of the 3M Museum. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting They signed papers making Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing a corporation. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business But Dwan and his associates were not selling what they thought. The mineral was anorthosite, and it was worthless. Anorthosite (æˈnɔrθəsaɪt/ /ə- is a Phaneritic, Intrusive Igneous rock characterized by a predominance of Plagioclase Feldspar [1]

Failing to make sandpaper with the anorthosite, they decided to import minerals like Spanish garnet, and sandpaper sales grew. Abrasive Paper is a form of Paper where an Abrasive material has been fixed to its surface Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The garnet group includes a group of minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives In 1914 customers complained that the garnet was falling off the paper. They found that as the stones had traveled across the Atlantic Ocean with olive oil, the oil had penetrated the stones. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Unable to take the loss of selling expensive inventory, they found that the olive oil could be roasted away over a fire. This was the first instance of R&D at 3M.

In 1916 company general manager William L. McKnight applied the same scientific methods to production that he had used to save the company from bankruptcy, and bought the company's first lab for $500. William L McKnight ( 11 November 1887 &ndash 4 March 1978) was an American businessman who served his entire career in the 3M corporation From then on, science would be 3M's guide.

Expansion

The company's early innovations include waterproof sandpaper (1921) and masking tape (1925), as well as cellophane "Scotch Tape" and sound deadening materials for cars. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Scotch Tape is used to describe certain Pressure sensitive tapes manufactured by 3M as part of the company's Scotch brand 3M's corporate image is built on its innovative and unique products, with up to 25% of sales from new products.

After World War II 3M opened plants across the United States. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including During the 1950s the company expanded worldwide with operations in Canada, Mexico, France, Germany, Australia, and the United Kingdom. In 1951, international sales were approximately $20 million. 3M’s achievements were recognized by the American Institute of Management naming the company “one of the five best-managed companies in the United States and included it among the top 12 growth stocks (3M). ” [3]

In the late 1960s and early 70s, 3M published a line of board games, largely under the "3M bookshelf game series" brand. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 This article is about the Decade 1970-1979 For the Year 1970 see 1970. The 3M bookshelf game series was a series of Board games produced by 3M from 1962 to 1975 These games were marketed to adults and sold through department stores, with easily learned simple rules but complex gameplay and depth and with uniformly high quality components. As such, they are the ancestors of the German "Eurogames". German-style board games are a broad class of games produced in recent decades in Germany and other countries The games covered a variety of topics, from business and sports simulations to word and abstract strategy games. They were a major publisher at the time for influential American designers Sid Sackson and Alex Randolph. Sid Sackson ( February 4, 1920, Chicago&ndash November 6, 2002) was a significant American Board game designer and collector Alexander Randolph (4 May 1922 &ndash 10 May 2004 was a designer of board games In the mid-1970s, the game line was taken over by Avalon Hill. Avalon Hill was a game company that specialized in Wargames and strategic Board games.

During the 1970s, 3M introduced its first and only traffic signal, the M-131. Labeled a "programmable visibility" signal, the signal had the unique ability to be "programmed" so it was visible from certain angles. It was the first of its type and is still being produced today. 3M sold these signals for special-use applications, such as left turn signals, skewed intersections, or dangerous intersections where a very bright indication is needed. The signals are very heavy and expensive to maintain, and removal is quite frequent in some areas.

3M's Mincom division introduced several models of magnetic tape recorders for instrumentation use and for studio sound recording. Instrumentation is the branch of science that deals with measurement and control in order to increase efficiency and safety in the workplace An example of the latter is the model M79 recorder [4], which still has a following in recording circles today. 3M Mincom was also involved in designing and manufacturing video production equipment for the television and video post-production industries in the 1970s and 1980s, with such items as character generators and several different models of video switchers, from models of audio and video routers to video mixers for studio production work. See also Filmmaking Post-production occurs in the making of motion pictures, television programs, Videos audio recordings A character generator, often abbreviated as CG, is a device or software that produces static or animated text (such as crawls and rolls for keying A vision mixer (also called video switcher video mixer or production switcher) is a device used to select between several different Video Used for transporting Audio signals from inputs to outputs Inputs and Outputs The number of inputs and outputs varies dramatically Video Routers are used for transporting Video signals from inputs to outputs

3M Mincom was involved in some of the first digital audio recordings of the late 1970s to see commercial release when a prototype machine was brought to the Sound 80 studios in Minneapolis. Digital audio uses Digital signals for Sound reproduction. This includes analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, storage Sound 80 was a Recording studio in Minneapolis Minnesota, United States founded by Tom Jung and Herb Pilhofer in 1969. After drawing on the experience of that prototype recorder, 3M later designed and manufactured several commercially available models of digital audio recorders used throughout the early to mid-1980s.

In 1980 the company introduced Post-it notes. The Post-it note, invented by 3M 's Art Fry using an adhesive developed by a colleague Spencer Silver, is a piece of Stationery with a re-adherable In 1996, the company's data storage and imaging divisions were spun off as Imation Corporation. Imation is a US based multi-national Corporation that designs manufactures sources or markets a wide range of recordable data storage media and consumer electronics products Imation has since sold its imaging and photographic film businesses to concentrate on storage. This article is mainly concerned with Still photography film For Motion picture film please see Film stock.

Today 3M is one of the 30 companies included in the Dow Jones Industrial Average (added on August 9, 1976), and is ranked number 101 on the 2006 Fortune 500 listing. The Dow Jones Industrial Average ( also called the DJIA, Dow 30, INDP, or informally the Dow Jones or The Dow) is one of several Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Please do not add the complete list of fortune 500 companies The list is copyrighted by Fortune which makes money by selling the content The company has 132 plants and over 67,000 employees worldwide, with sales offices in over 200 countries. The vast majority of the company's employees are local nationals, with few employees residing outside their home country. Its worldwide sales are over $20 billion, with international sales 58% of that total.

On December 20, 2005, 3M announced a major partnership with Roush-Fenway Racing, one of NASCAR's premier organizations. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Roush Fenway Racing (formerly Roush Racing) is a racing team competing in NASCAR racing The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. In 2008 the company will sponsor Greg Biffle in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series as he drives the #16 Ford Fusion. Gregory Jack Biffle (born December 23, 1969 in Vancouver Washington) is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver who drives the #16 3M The North American Ford Fusion (code name CD338) is a Mid-size car produced by the Ford Motor Company since the 2006 model year In addition, on February 19, 2006, 3M announced that it would become the title sponsor of the 3M Performance 400 at Michigan International Speedway for at least the next three years. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The 3M Performance 400 is the second NASCAR Sprint Cup stock car race held at the Michigan International Speedway in Brooklyn Michigan Michigan International Speedway is a two-mile (322-km moderate-banked D-shaped Superspeedway located off U

On April 4, 2006, 3M announced its intention to sell pharmaceutical non-core business. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The pharmaceuticals businesses were sold off in three deals, in Europe, the Americas, and the Rest of the World. Another division of the Health Care business, Drug Delivery Systems remains with 3M. The Drug Delivery System division continues to contract manufacture inhalants and transdermal drug delivery systems and has now taken on manufacture of the products whose licenses were sold during the divestiture of the pharmaceuticals business. [2]

Today, after 100 years, 3M follows a business model based on “the ability to not only develop unique products, but also to manufacture them efficiently and consistently around the world (3M). ” [5]

The Target Light System, built by 3M
The Target Light System, built by 3M[3]

Environmental Record

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions are a main concern for 3M. 3M’s Former Staff Vice President, Dr. Joseph T. Ling was awarded the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Clean Air Excellence Award’s Thomas W. Zosel Outstanding Individual Achievement Award for his work to promote pollution prevention worldwide. [4] Scientists are raising concerns about the potential health and environmental effects of an important family of industrial chemicals. [5] 3M recognizes the necessity for responsible environmental management of resources. 3M has also recognized the global nature of environmental matters and the importance of industry’s constructive cooperation in achieving international environmental conservation. 3M has established a record of many important pollution control projects at its facilities worldwide. In 1975, 3M developed a Pollution Prevention Pays (3P) program with the goal of eliminating or reducing sources of pollution in their products. This program has been recognized globally for its innovation in environmental management by focusing on pollution prevention, rather than pollution control. [6]

Cottage Grove Plant Contamination

3M states that the PFC contamination of the Mississippi River and surrounding area near the company's Cottage Grove plant will be "cleaned though a combination of groundwater pumpout wells and soil sediment excavation. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs are compounds derived from Hydrocarbons by replacement of Hydrogen Atoms by Fluorine atoms "[7] The plan for the restoration of the area includes a complete analysis of the entire company property and surrounding lands. [8] The Perfluorochemicals have been released into the environment surrounding the facility starting in the 1940's and lasting until 2002. [9] The chemicals produced are the result of the companies non-stick cookware, stain resistant fabrics, and other similar products. [10] The on-site water treatment facility that handles the plant's post-production water is not capable of removing the PFCs, which were pumped into the nearby Mississippi River. [11] Estimates on the total cost of the clean-up to be incured by 3M range from 50-56 million dollars, which will come out of the $147 million pot the company set aside in 2006 to deal with environmental issues relating to the company. [12] The search area for PFCs in the Mississippi River now extends to five states, spanning approximatly half of the rivers total distance. [13] Perfluorochemicals do not break down or degrade in the environment. "[14]

3M rates as number 70 out of the United State's 100 top air polluters on the PERI Toxic 100 table, producing 4. 75 million pounds of air pollutants every year. [15] The Cottage Grove site represents 3M's third highest pollutant producing facility, releasing 244,715 lbs. of pollution into the air yearly. [16]

Technology platforms

Brands/products

Corporate governance

Current board of directors

George W. Buckley | Patrick D. Dobie Center, named after J Frank Dobie, is a privately owned twenty-seven story residence hall located adjacent to the University of Texas at Austin campus David Littmann, MD (1906&ndash1981 was a cardiologist and Harvard Medical School professor and researcher The Post-it note, invented by 3M 's Art Fry using an adhesive developed by a colleague Spencer Silver, is a piece of Stationery with a re-adherable Scotch Tape is used to describe certain Pressure sensitive tapes manufactured by 3M as part of the company's Scotch brand Scotchgard is a 3M brand of products used to protect fabric, Furniture, and Carpets Like other fluorochemicals Scotchgard is mostly Inert Scotchlite is a material made by the 3M company that is made of millions of glass beads affixed to the surface According to 3m Scotch-Weld is a "One system of adhesives and portable applicator combines many production benefits of hot melt adhesives and bond performance usually associated with 2-part Tegaderm is a transparent medical dressing manufactured by 3M. Thinsulate is a Synthetic fibre used for Thermal insulation in Clothing. Vikuiti, a Trademark, ( vaɪkjuːɪteː) is one of 3M Company's seven strategic brands George W Buckley is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive of 3M. Campbell | Joe E. Harlan | Michael A. Kelly | Angela S. Lalor | Jean Lobey | Robert D. MacDonald | Moe S. Nozari | Frederick J. Palensky | Brad T. Sauer | H. C. Shin | James B. Stake | Inge G. Thulin | John K. Woodworth

Presidents

1902–1905 Henry S. Bryan
1905–1906 Edgar B. Ober
1906–1909 Lucius P. Ordway
1909–1929 Edgar B. Ober
1929–1949 William L. McKnight
1949–1953 Richard P. William L McKnight ( 11 November 1887 &ndash 4 March 1978) was an American businessman who served his entire career in the 3M corporation Carlton
1953–1963 Herbert P. Buetow
1963–1966 Bert S. Cross

Chief executive officers

1966–1970 Bert S. Cross
1970–1974 Harry Heltzer
1974–1979 Raymond H. Harry Heltzer (1911 &ndash September 21, 2005) was the Chairman & Chief Executive Office of 3M from 1970 to 1975 Herzog
1979–1986 Lewis W. Lehr
1986–1991 Allen F. Jacobson
1991–2001 L. D. DeSimone
2001–2005 W. James McNerney, Jr.
2005 Robert S. Walter James "Jim" McNerney Jr, is an American Businessman. Morrison (interim)
2005–present George W. Buckley

Chairmen of the board

1949–1966 William L. McKnight
1966–1970 Bert S. George W Buckley is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive of 3M. William L McKnight ( 11 November 1887 &ndash 4 March 1978) was an American businessman who served his entire career in the 3M corporation Cross
1970–1975 Harry Heltzer
1975–1980 Raymond H. Harry Heltzer (1911 &ndash September 21, 2005) was the Chairman & Chief Executive Office of 3M from 1970 to 1975 Herzog
1980–1986 Lewis W. Lehr
1986–1991 Allen F. Jacobson
1991–2001 L. D. DeSimone
2001–2005 W. James McNerney, Jr.
2005–present George W. Buckley

See also

References

  1. ^ MPR: 3M at 100 - on the right path for growth?
  2. ^ 3M (2006-04-04). Walter James "Jim" McNerney Jr, is an American Businessman. George W Buckley is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive of 3M. In Thermodynamics, the word endothermic "within-heating" describes a process or reaction that absorbs Energy in the form of Heat. "Fireproof" redirects here For the album see Fireproof (album. Firestop pillows are Passive fire protection items used for Firestopping holes in wall or floor assemblies required to have a Fire-resistance rating. A firestop is a Passive fire protection System of various components used to seal openings and joints in fire-resistance rated wall An intumescent is a substance which swells as a result of Heat exposure thus increasing in Volume, and decreasing in Density. Passive fire protection (PFP is an integral component of the three components of structural Fire protection and fire safety in a Building. E550 redirects here For the Italian locomotive see FS Class E550 Sodium silicate, also known as water glass or liquid glass, available Sterilization (or sterilisation, see spelling differences) refers to any process that effectively kills or eliminates transmissible agents (such as Fungi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. "3M to Explore Strategic Alternatives for its Branded Pharmaceuticals Business". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2006-04-24. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to
  3. ^ Target Lights create evolving Minneapolis landmark, Minneapolis/St. Paul Business Journal , April 11, 2003.
  4. ^ Climate Change & Energy
  5. ^ 3M Company News - The New York Times
  6. ^ http://dnr.wi.gov/org/caer/cea/ecpp/agreements/3m/agreements/amended/factsheet20050329.pdf
  7. ^ Cleaning up river site may cost 3M $18 million
  8. ^ Health Consultation: 3M Chemolite: Perfluorochemicals Releases at the 3M - Cottage Grove Facility Minnesota Dept. of Health, Jan. 2005
  9. ^ Perfluorochemials and the 3M Cottage Grove Facility: Minnesota Dept. Of Health
  10. ^ Cleaning up river site may cost 3M $18 million
  11. ^ Perfluorochemials and the 3M Cottage Grove Facility: Minnesota Dept. Of Health
  12. ^ 3M submits plans to Minnesota for cleaning up PFCs in the east metro
  13. ^ MPR: Search for PFC contamination in Mississippi River expands
  14. ^ Cleaning up river site may cost 3M $18 million
  15. ^ PERI - Political Economy Research Institute: Toxic 100 Table
  16. ^ Toxic 100 Detailed Company Report

External links

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