Games of the XXX Olympiad
This is the magenta version of the official logo. There are four official base colours, and another version for the 2012 Summer Paralympics. See also 2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Paralympic Games will be the fourteenth Paralympics and will take place between 29 August 2012 For more details, see section "Logo" below.
Host city	London, United Kingdom
Nations participating	204 (initial estimates by LOCOG)
Athletes participating	10,250 (approximate)
Events	300 in 26 sports
Opening ceremony	July 27
Closing ceremony	August 12
Stadium	Olympic Stadium

The 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, are due to be celebrated in London from 27 July to 12 August 2012. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Olympic sports comprise all the Sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid The Olympic Stadium is the name usually given to the big centrepiece Stadium of the Summer Olympic Games. The London Olympic Stadium will be the centrepiece of the 2012 Summer Olympics. 30 ( thirty) is the Natural number following 29 and preceding 31. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid 2012 ( MMXII) will be a Leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

London will become the first city to host the modern Olympic Games three times, having previously done so in 1908 and in 1948. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games There have been two London Olympics ( London hosting the Olympic Games) in 1908 and 1948 with a third scheduled for 2012 The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was held in London

Contents 1 The bidding process 2 Olympic development and preparation 2.1 Developments since the 2005 bid 2.2 Venues and infrastructure 2.3 Public transport 2.4 Financing 2.5 Partners 2.6 Ticketing 2.7 Scheduling controversy 2.8 Logo 3 Sports 4 Broadcasting 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

The bidding process

Main article: 2012 Summer Olympics bids

By the bid submission deadline of 15 July 2003, nine cities had submitted bids to host the 2012 Olympics. Nine cities submitting bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics were recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. These cities were Havana, Istanbul, Leipzig, London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, Paris and Rio de Janeiro. Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey This sort of fix restores section edit linkpoints to where they belong London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of The City of New York Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil

On 18 May 2004, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), as a result of a scored technical evaluation, reduced the number of cities to five: London, Madrid, Moscow, New York, and Paris. Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

By 19 November 2004 all five candidate cities had submitted their candidate file to the International Olympic Committee. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The IOC inspection team visited the five candidate cities during February and March of 2005. The Paris bid suffered two set-backs during the IOC inspection visit: a number of strikes and demonstrations coinciding with the visits and a report coming out that Guy Drut, one of the key members of the Paris bid team and IOC member, would face charges over alleged corrupt political party finances. Guy Drut (born December 6, 1950) is an Olympic champion and politician who won gold at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal in ^[1]

On 6 June 2005 the International Olympic Committee released its evaluation reports for the five candidate cities. Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Although these reports did not contain any scores or rankings, the evaluation report for Paris was considered the most positive, now followed closely by London which had narrowed down most of the gap observed by the initial evaluation in 2004 regarding Paris. Also New York and Madrid obtained very positive evaluation reports. ^[2]

Throughout the process and up to the vote at the 117th IOC Session, Paris was widely seen as the favourite to win the nomination, particularly as this was its third bid in recent history. Originally London was seen lagging Paris by considerable margin, however this started to improve with the appointment of Sebastian Coe as new head of London 2012 on 19 May 2004. Sebastian Newbold Coe Baron Coe, KBE (born 29 September 1956, and often nicknamed Seb Coe) is a British former top-level Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " In late August 2004 some reports started emerging predicting a London and Paris tie in the 2012 bid. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ^[3] In the final run-up to the 117th IOC Session, London and Paris appeared to be increasingly in a neck-and-neck race. On 1 July 2005 Jacques Rogge, when asked who the winner would be, told the assembled press: "I cannot predict it since I don't know how the IOC members will vote. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jacques Count Rogge (born May 2 1942 ( pronounced in Dutch) is a Belgian sports functionary But my gut feeling tells me that it will be very close. Perhaps it will come down to a difference of say ten votes, or maybe less".

On 6 July 2005, the final selection was announced at the Raffles City Convention Centre in Singapore, where the 117th IOC Session was held. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Raffles City ( Chinese: 莱佛士城 is a large complex located in the Civic District within the Downtown Core of the City-state of Singapore Here British Prime Minister Tony Blair was the only leader of the five candidate cities' countries to make a personal lobby (he had also been the only one to attend the 2004 Olympics). The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to ^[4] Moscow was the first city to be eliminated, followed by New York and Madrid. The final two cities left in contention were London and Paris. At the end of the fourth round of voting, London won the right to host the 2012 Games with 54 votes, defeating Paris's 50. Various French publications blamed the Paris loss on French President Jacques Chirac's statements before the vote that "We can't trust people [the British] who have such bad food. After Finland, it's the country with the worst food. "^[5] Two current members of the International Olympic Committee are from Finland. Current members of the International Olympic Committee The chairperson of an international organization who represents an Olympic sport (eg the chairman of the athletics Several other news sources cited Bertrand Delanoë's complaint regarding Tony Blair's secret late night meetings with numerous (African) IOC representatives as having a more significant impact on final vote. ^[6] When reporting London's win, many British news programmes showed the footage of London's win being announced in Paris, where a large crowd had gathered expecting a French win. However, the celebrations in London were overshadowed when London's transport system was attacked less than 24 hours after the announcement. The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during

In December 2005 it was alleged by Alex Gilady, a senior IOC official, that London had only won the right to host the Olympics because of a voting error. A London 2012 spokesman dismissed this, saying "At the end of the day, it was a secret ballot. This is the opinion of one individual. The result is what matters and we are not going to be drawn into speculation. "^[7]

2012 Summer Olympics bidding results
City	NOC	Round 1	Round 2	Round 3	Round 4
London	United Kingdom	22	27	39	54
Paris	France	21	25	33	50
Madrid	Spain	20	32	31	-
New York City	United States	19	16	-	-
Moscow	Russia	15	-	-	-

Olympic development and preparation

2012 Summer Olympics
Bid process Bid details Announcements and developments Venues
IOC BOA LOCOG ODA

Developments since the 2005 bid

Main article: 2012 Summer Olympic development

The London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games was created to oversee the staging of the Games after the success of the bid, and held their first board meeting on 7 October 2005. London 2012 was the successful bid for the 2012 Summer Games, to be held in London with most events taking place in Stratford, Newham The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Paris 2012 was an unsuccessful bid for the 2012 Summer Olympic Games to be held in Paris. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Madrid 2012 was one of the five short-listed bids for the 2012 Summer Games. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The New York City 2012 Olympic bid was one of the five short-listed bids for the 2012 Summer Olympics, ultimately won by London 2012. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Moscow 2012 was one of the five short-listed bids for the 2012 Summer Games, and was to be held in Moscow, Russia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Nine cities submitting bids to host the 2012 Summer Olympics were recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC London 2012 was the successful bid for the 2012 Summer Games, to be held in London with most events taking place in Stratford, Newham The 2012 Summer Olympic development is a process running from 2005 to 2012 following the successful London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The 2012 Summer Olympic venues are mostly located in the host city of London, though some other events require facilities located elsewhere The British Olympic Association ( BOA) is responsible for the United Kingdom 's participation in the Olympic Games. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG is a Limited company, owned by the Government of the United Kingdom, that will oversee The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA is the Statutory corporation responsible for ensuring delivery of venues infrastructure and legacy for the 2012 Summer Olympic The 2012 Summer Olympic development is a process running from 2005 to 2012 following the successful London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG is a Limited company, owned by the Government of the United Kingdom, that will oversee Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The committee, chaired by Lord Coe, is in charge of implementing and staging the games, while the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) is in charge of the construction of the venues and infrastructure. Sebastian Newbold Coe Baron Coe, KBE (born 29 September 1956, and often nicknamed Seb Coe) is a British former top-level The Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA is the Statutory corporation responsible for ensuring delivery of venues infrastructure and legacy for the 2012 Summer Olympic

The Government Olympic Executive (GOE), a unit within the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, is the lead Government body for coordinating the London 2012 Olympics. The Department for Culture Media and Sport ( DCMS) is a department of the United Kingdom government, with responsibility for culture and sport The GOE reports through the DCMS Permanent Secretary to the Minister for the Olympics, Paralympics and London, Tessa Jowell. Tessa Jowell (born 17 September 1947 in London) is a British Politician. It focuses on oversight of the Games and the 2012 legacy before and after the Games that will benefit London and the UK.

Various aspects of the Games have developed since the time of the initial bid.

Venues and infrastructure

Main article: 2012 Summer Olympic venues

The 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games will use a mixture of new venues, existing and historic facilities, and temporary facilities, some of them in well-known locations such as Hyde Park and Horse Guards Parade. The 2012 Summer Olympic venues are mostly located in the host city of London, though some other events require facilities located elsewhere Hyde Park is one of the largest Parks in central London, England and one of the Royal Parks of London, famous for its Speakers' Corner Horse Guards Parade is a large parade ground off Whitehall in central London, at grid reference. In the wake of the problems that plagued the Millennium Dome, the intention is that there would be no white elephants after the Games and a 2012 legacy will be delivered. The Millennium Dome, often referred to simply as The Dome, is the original name of a large Dome -shaped building originally used to house A white elephant is a valuable possession which its owner cannot dispose of and whose cost (particularly cost of upkeep exceeds its usefulness Some of the new facilities will be reused in their Olympic form, while others, including the 80,000 seater main stadium^[8], would be reduced in size and several would be relocated elsewhere in the UK. The plans are part of the regeneration of Stratford in east London which will be the site of the Olympic Park, and of the neighbouring Lower Lea Valley. Stratford, historically Stratford Langthorne, is a place in the London Borough of Newham in East London. The Olympic Park London, is a new sporting complex to be built in Stratford in East London for the 2012 Summer Olympics. The Lower Lea Valley is the area surrounding the River Lea (or Lee which runs along the boundary of the London Boroughs of Tower Hamlets, Waltham

This has required the compulsory purchase of some business properties, which are being demolished to make way for Olympic venues and infrastructure improvements. Eminent domain ( United States) compulsory purchase ( United Kingdom, New Zealand, Ireland) resumption/compulsory acquisition This has caused some controversy, with some of the affected proprietors claiming that the compensation offered is inadequate. In addition, concerns about the development's potential impact on the future of the century-old Manor Garden Allotments have inspired a community campaign, and the demolition of the Clays Lane housing estate was opposed by tenants. Manor Garden Allotments were allotment gardens occupying 45 acres between the River Lea and the Channelsea River in Hackney Wick, East The Clays Lane Estate was a Housing estate in Stratford, East London, and the UK’s largest (and Europe's second largest purpose built Housing

The majority of venues have been divided into three zones within Greater London: the Olympic Zone, the River Zone and the Central Zone. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. In addition to these are those venues that, by necessity, are outside the boundaries of Greater London, such as the Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy on the Isle of Portland in Dorset (which will host the sailing events) and other stadia across the UK. Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy is a centre for the sport of sailing on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, on the south coast The Isle of Portland ( is a limestone tied island long by wide in the English Channel. Dorset ( (or archaically, Dorsetshire) is a county in South West England on the English Channel coast The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

Public transport

Public transport, an aspect of the bid which scored poorly in the IOC's initial evaluation, needs to see numerous improvements, including the expansion of the London Underground's East London Line, upgrades to the Docklands Light Railway and the North London Line, and the new "Javelin" high-speed rail service, using Hitachi 'bullet' trains. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire The East London Line was a line of the London Underground, coloured orange on the Tube map. The Docklands Light Railway (DLR is a Light rail system serving the redeveloped Docklands area of East London England. The North London Line is a railway line in roughly a circular arc which ran through the inner suburbs of north London, England from Richmond The Olympic Javelin is a planned high-speed train shuttle service announced as part of the successful London 2012 Olympic bid.

They also plan to have 80% of athletes travel less than 20 minutes to their event. The Park would be served by 10 separate railway lines with a combined capacity of 240,000 passengers per hour. Park and ride schemes also feature amongst the many plans aimed at reducing traffic levels during the games.

Concerns have been expressed at the logistics of spectators travelling to the venues outside London. In particular, the sailing events on Portland are in an area with no direct motorway connection, and with local roads that are heavily congested by existing tourist traffic in the summer. Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy is a centre for the sport of sailing on the Isle of Portland, Dorset, on the south coast There is also only limited scope for extra services on the South Western Main Line beyond Southampton, without new infrastructure. The South Western Main Line is a Railway line from London Waterloo to Weymouth on the Dorset coast in the south of England. Games organisers say that having analysed past Games sailing events, they would expect fewer spectators than have attended recent events such as the Carnival and Tall Ships Race.

Financing

The costs of mounting the Games are separate to those for building the venues and infrastructure, and redeveloping the land for the Olympic Park. While the Games are privately funded, the venues and Park costs are met largely by public money.

On 15 March 2007 Tessa Jowell announced to the House of Commons a budget of £5. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Tessa Jowell (born 17 September 1947 in London) is a British Politician. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords 3 billion to cover building the venues and infrastructure for the Games, at the same time announcing the wider regeneration budget for the Lower Lea Valley budget at £1. 7 billion.

On top of this, she announced various other costs including an overall additional contingency fund of £2. 7 billion, security and policing costs of £600 million, VAT of £800 million and elite sport and Paralympic funding of nearly £400 million. According to these figures, the total for the Games and the regeneration of the East London area, is £9. 345 billion. Mayor Ken Livingstone pledged the Games Organising Committee would make a profit. Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945 is a British Socialist Politician. ^[9]

The costs for staging the Games (£2 billion) are funded from the private sector by a combination of sponsorship, merchandising, ticketing and broadcast rights. This budget is raised and managed by the London 2012 Organising Committee. According to Games organisers, the funding for this budget broadly breaks down as:

• 63% from Central Government;
• 23% from National Lottery
• 13% from the Mayor of London and the London Development Agency

On August 18, 2007 The Belfast Telegraph reported that the right to stage the Olympic Games becoming more muted as realisation dawns on the public of the enormous costs involved in creating facilities for the athletes. The National Lottery is the largest Lottery in the United Kingdom. The Mayor of London is an elected politician who along with the London Assembly of 25 members is accountable for the strategic government of Greater London (see The London Development Agency ( LDA) is the Regional Development Agency for Greater London, England. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Belfast Telegraph is a daily evening newspaper published in Belfast, Northern Ireland by Independent News and Media. ^[10] Grassroot sport cuts will fund Olympics, government figures suggested on August 19, 2007. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[11]

In November 2007, Edward Leigh MP, criticised the organisers for significantly under-estimating the cost of staging the games, suggesting they had either "acted in bad faith or were incompetent". Edward Julian Egerton Leigh (born 20 July 1950) is a UK Politician. ^[12]

On December 10, 2007 Tessa Jowell announced confirmation of the budget announced earlier in 2007. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In June 2007, the Ministerial Funders’ Group - established to manage the allocation of contingency to the ODA within the overall budget - met and agreed a first allocation of contingency to the ODA, being £360m out of the £500m of initial contingency announced in March, to enable the ODA to manage early cost pressures.

Following its second meeting on 26 November 2007, the Funders’ Group has now agreed a baseline budget and scope proposed by the ODA. The total budgeted base cost to be met by the public sector funding package remains at £6. 090bn including tax and excluding general programme contingency as announced in March. This includes the allocation to the ODA of the remaining £140m from the initial £500m contingency announced in March. ^[13]

There have, however, been concerns over how the Olympics are to be funded. In February 2008, a London Assembly culture and sport committee report expressed concerns over the funding of the games taking away money from London's sports and arts groups. ^[14] There have also been complaints that funding towards the Olympics has been to the detriment of funding other areas of the UK. In Wales, there has been criticism from Plaid Cymru about the games depriving Wales of money, by using UK-wide funding rather than English funding. Plaid Cymru (plaɪd ˈkəmri The Party of Wales often referred to simply as Plaid) is a Political party in Wales. ^[15] The Wales on Sunday newspaper claimed former UK Prime Minister, Tony Blair broke his promise not to use National Lottery funding for the Olympic games. The Western Mail is a daily tabloid Newspaper published by Media Wales Ltd in Cardiff, Wales owned by the UK's largest newspaper corporation The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Anthony Charles Lynton "Tony" Blair (born 6 May 1953 is a British Politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to The National Lottery is the largest Lottery in the United Kingdom. ^{[16] [17]}

Partners

To help fund the cost of the games the London Olympic organisers have agreed partnership deals with major companies. "Tier One" partners already announced include Lloyds TSB, EDF Energy and adidas — who announced the deal on the popular website YouTube. Lloyds TSB Group plc () is a leading British Financial institution with its Group Head office in London and its registered office EDF Energy is the trading name of EDF Energy Customers plc, an energy company that provides Gas and Electricity to homes throughout the United WikipediaManual of Style (trademarks, which says "Lowercased trademarks with no internal YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload view and share Video clips YouTube was created in February 2005 by three former PayPal employees ^[18]

Ticketing

Organisers estimate that some eight million tickets would be available for the Olympic Games, and 1. 6 million tickets for the Paralympic Games. They will be going on sale in 2011, with at least 50% of these priced under £20. To reduce traffic, ticketholders would be entitled to free use of London's public transportation network on the day of the event. ^[19] It is estimated that 82% of available Olympic tickets and 63% of Paralympic tickets will be sold. There will also be free events: for example, the marathon and road cycling.

Scheduling controversy

Some representatives of Muslim countries have complained that the month of Ramadan, which will occur from 21 July to 20 August in 2012, and the 2012 Games will run concurrently. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine During Ramadan, Muslims are to fast from sunrise to sunset, which may put Muslim athletes at a disadvantage during the Games. Some Muslims have called for the Olympics to be rescheduled outside this period. ^[20]

Logo

There have been two London 2012 logos: one for the bidding process created by Kino Design and a second as the brand for the Games themselves. The latter, designed by Wolff Olins, was unveiled on 4 June 2007 and cost £400,000. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[21] This new logo is a representation of the number 2012, with the Olympic Rings embedded within the zero. The Olympic symbols are the icons Flags and symbols used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the Olympic Games. ^[22] The logo is available in a number of colours, and for the first time, the same logo is to be used for both the Olympic and Paralympic games. ^[23]

London 2012 has stated that the new logo is aimed at reaching young people. Sebastian Coe stated that it builds upon everything that the organising committee has said "about reaching out and engaging young people, which is where our challenge is over the next five years". One observer, a managing director of an advertising agency, noted that the logo bore a strong resemblance to the logo for children's television programme Tiswas, commenting that appealing to young people is difficult, and that they will see right through attempts to patronise them. Tiswas was a Saturday morning children's British TV show which ran from 5 January 1974 to 3 April 1982 ^[24]

Early public reaction to the logo, as measured by a poll on the BBC website, was largely negative: more than 80% of votes gave the logo the lowest possible rating. ^[25] Several newspapers have run their own logo competitions, displaying alternative submissions from their readers. The Sun displayed a design by a macaque monkey. The Sun is a Tabloid daily newspaper published in the United Kingdom and Ireland with the highest circulation of any daily English-language The macaques (məˈkæk constitute a genus ( Macaca, /məˈkækə/ of Old World monkeys of the subfamily Cercopithecinae. ^[26]. It was widely commented that the logo resembles an image of the cartoon character Lisa Simpson performing fellatio^[27] and others have complained that it looks like a distorted Swastika. Lisa Marie Simpson is a Fictional character in the animated Television series The Simpsons and is voiced by Yeardley Smith. Fellatio, also called fellation, is Oral sex performed upon the Penis. The swastika (from Sanskrit: svástika sa स्वस्तिक Hindu IS CORRECT if 'ि' is positioned incorrectly see -->) is ^[28]

A segment of animated footage released at the same time as the logo was reported to trigger seizures in a small number of people with photosensitive epilepsy. Photosensitive epilepsy is a form of Epilepsy in which Seizures are triggered by visual stimuli that form patterns in time or space such as flashing lights bold The charity Epilepsy Action received telephone calls from people who had had seizures after watching the sequence on TV. Epilepsy Action is a UK based charity providing information advice and support for people with Epilepsy. An epileptic seizure is caused by excessive and/or hypersynchronous electrical Neuronal activity and is usually self-limiting In response, a short segment was removed from the London 2012 website. ^[29] Ken Livingstone, the London Mayor, said that the company who designed the film should not be paid for what he called a "catastrophic mistake". Kenneth Robert Livingstone (born 17 June 1945 is a British Socialist Politician. ^[30]

However, some people praised the logo for being "different", "dynamic" and "unexpected". BBC Sport acknowledged that "London 2012’s new logo has got the country talking", and compared the innovative design to that of the logos of Mexico 1968 and Munich 1972. The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Mexico City The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Munich, in what was ^[31] Others described the logo as being "something different and something well thought out for long-term relevance", and anticipated it would "become a source of pride for London and the Games. "^[32]

Sports

The 2012 Summer Olympic programme features 26 sports and a total of 39 disciplines. The 2012 Paralympic Games programme has 20 sports and 21 disciplines. London's bid featured 28 sports, in line with other recent Summer Olympics, but the IOC voted to drop baseball and softball from the 2012 Games two days after it selected London as the host city. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Softball is a team Sport popular especially in the United States. The IOC reinforced its decision to drop both sports during the Turin Games after they lost votes for reconsideration. They will be Olympic sports for the last time at Beijing in 2008.

The Guardian newspaper reported on 28 October 2005 that open-air swimming disciplines will be added to the Beijing and London Olympic schedules. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The paper also reported that women's boxing may be added to London; the IOC confirmed that women's boxing would not be included in Beijing because it "did not feel it merited inclusion in 2008". ^[33]

• Aquatics (disciplines: diving, swimming, synchronised swimming, water polo): Aquatic Centre in the Olympic Park. Diving off a deck into the Great South Bay of Long Islandjpg|thumb|A man dives into the Great South Bay of Long Island. Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance Water polo is a team water sport A team consists of six field players and one Goalkeeper.
• Archery: Lord´s Cricket Grounds. Archery is the practice of using a bow or Crossbow to shoot Arrows Archery has historically been used in Hunting and Combat and has
• Athletics (track and field): Olympic Stadium.
• Badminton: Greenwich Arena
• Basketball: Basketball Arena (north from Olympic Stadium) in the Olympic Park and North Greenwich Arena. Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m
• Boxing: ExCeL London near London City Airport in east London’s Royal Victoria Dock. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight,
• Canoe/kayak (disciplines: canoe/kayak flatwater and canoe/kayak slalom): Broxbourne, River Lee Country Park in the Lee Valley Park, Hertfordshire, 30km north of the Olympic Village. Canoeing is the activity of paddling a Canoe for the purpose of recreation (also called a float trip Sport, or transportation. This article discusses flatwater racing (sprint and marathon racing, competitive forms of Canoeing and Kayaking on more or less flat water Whitewater Slalom is a competitive sport where the aim is to navigate a decked Canoe or Kayak through a course of hanging gates on river rapids
• Cycling (disciplines: road cycling, track cycling, mountain bike, Skateboarding^[34] and BMX racing): Regent's Park. Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles Road cycling is the most widespread form of Cycling. It takes place primarily on paved surfaces Track cycling is a Bicycle racing Sport usually held on specially-built banked tracks or Velodromes (but many events are held at older velodromes where the A mountain bike or mountain bicycle (abbreviated MTB or ATB (all terrain bicycle is a Bicycle designed for off-road cycling including Skateboarding is the act of riding and performing tricks using a Skateboard. BMX racing is a type of off-road bicycle racing The format of BMX was derived from Motocross racing. VeloPark in the north of the Olympic Park and Weald Country Park.
• Equestrianism (Eventing, Dressage, Jumping): Greenwich Park
• Fencing: Fencing Hall at the Olympic Park. For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description Fencing is the art of armed Combat involving Cutting, Stabbing, or slapping bludgeoning Weapons directly manipulated by hand
• Football: A number of stadia across the United Kingdom, with the final being played at Wembley Stadium
• Gymnastics (disciplines: artistic gymnastics, rhythmic gymnastics and trampolining): Greenwich and North Greenwich Arenas
• Handball: Handball Arena in the west of the Olympic Park. The football tournaments of the 2012 Summer Olympics will be held at a number of stadia across the United Kingdom, as well as the host city London Wembley Stadium is a Stadium in Wembley, located in the London Borough of Brent in London, England. Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Artistic gymnastics is a discipline of Gymnastics. Competitive gymnasts perform short routines (ranging from approximately 30 to 90 Seconds on different apparatus Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport in which single competitors or pairs trios or even more (generally five manipulate one or two apparatus rope, hoop, ball Trampolining is a competitive Sport in which Gymnasts perform Acrobatics while bouncing on a Trampoline. Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six
• Field hockey: Hockey Centre in north west of the Olympic Park
• Judo: ExCeL London. Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick meaning "gentle way" is a modern Japanese martial art ( Gendai budō) and Combat sport, that originated in Japan in the late
• Modern pentathlon: Olympic Stadium, Greenwich Park
• Rowing: Eton Dorney, near Windsor Castle, around 25 miles west of London. The modern pentathlon is a Sports contest that includes five events derived from the Greek root of pente, meaning five GB coxless pair of Toby Garbett & Rick Dunn at Henley Royal Regatta 2004
• Sailing: The Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy, England’s south coast. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force
• Shooting: Royal Artillery Barracks, Woolwich Common in south east London. The shooting sports include those competitive sports involving tests of proficiency (accuracy and speed using various types of Guns such as Firearms and Airguns
• Table tennis: ExCeL London.
• Taekwondo: ExCeL London. Taekwondo (Korean태권도thɛʔkwʌndo Englishˈteɪˈkwɒnˈdoʊ is a Korean Martial art and the National sport of South Korea
• Tennis: Wimbledon
• Triathlon: Hyde Park. The Tennis competitions of the 2012 Summer Olympics will be staged at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in Wimbledon, London A triathlon is an endurance sports event consisting of Swimming, cycling and Running over various distances
• Volleyball: Indoor – Earls Court. Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Beach – Horse Guards Parade in Downing Street and across St James’ Park from Buckingham Palace.
• Weightlifting: ExCeL London. Weightlifting, also called Olympic weightlifting or Olympic-style weightlifting, is a sport in which participants attempt a maximum weight single lift of a barbell
• Wrestling (Graeco-Roman and Freestyle): ExCeL London. Amateur wrestling is the most widespread form of sport Wrestling.

Broadcasting

Continuing the IOC's commitment to providing over-the-air television coverage to as broad a worldwide audience as possible, London 2012 is scheduled to be broadcast by a number of regional broadcasters. Though reduced dramatically since 1980, the United States television rights currently owned by NBC still account for over half the rights revenue for the IOC. The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Many television broadcasters granted rights to the games have bureaux and studios in London, but since at least the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, rights-holder operations are hosted in the dedicated International Broadcast Centre (IBC). London's IBC is planned to be inside the security cordon of the Olympic Park.

As rights for the 2012 games have been packaged with those for the 2010 Winter Olympics, broadcasters will be largely identical for both events. Confirmed broadcasters include:

• In the United Kingdom the BBC will be sole broadcaster of the games. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located ^[35]

• In Europe, members of the European Broadcasting Union (excluding RAI in Italy). The European Broadcasting Union ( EBU; L'Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision ("UER" and unrelated to the European Union) is a confederation Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest ^[36] In Italy, SKY has achieved rights.

• In the United States, NBC Universal, including NBC and various cable properties. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the NBC Universal is a media and Entertainment company formed in May 2004 by the combination of General Electric 's NBC with Vivendi Universal The National Broadcasting Company ( NBC) is an American Television network headquartered in the GE Building in New York City's Some online webcasts may also be available. As with the 2008 Summer Olympics, it is likely that some events will be scheduled so that they air in timeslots favourable to NBC, which pays the highest TV rights fee of any broadcaster in the world.

• In Canada, a consortium of CTVglobemedia and Rogers Media properties. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page CTVglobemedia (often abbreviated "CTVgm" or CGM is one of Canada 's largest private media companies. Rogers Media Inc is a subsidiary of Rogers Communications Inc

• In South Korea, SBS has the rights to broadcast the games. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Seoul Broadcasting System ( SBS) is one of four major national South Korean television and radio networks.

• In Brazil, TV Record had been awarded the broadcasting for only free to air television rights. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Rede Record (in English, Record Network) is a Brazilian Television network. ^[37]

• In Mexico, the two major national networks Televisa and TV Azteca will broadcast the games. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Televisa is a Mexican multimedia company and is the largest media company in the Spanish -speaking world and a major player in the international entertainment TV Azteca is the second largest Mexican Television network. It was established in 1983 as the state-owned Instituto Mexicano de la Televisión

• In Australia, the Nine Network in joint partnership with subscription television partner Foxtel will broadcast the games. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Nine Network, or Channel Nine, is an Australian television network based in Willoughby, a suburb on the North Shore of Sydney Foxtel is an Australian Pay television company formed through a joint venture between Telstra, News Corporation and Consolidated Media

See also

• 2012 Summer Paralympics
• Ancient Olympic Games
• London Borough of Newham, where some of the events will take place. See also 2012 Summer Olympics The 2012 Summer Paralympic Games will be the fourteenth Paralympics and will take place between 29 August 2012 The Ancient Olympic Games, originally referred to as simply the Olympic Games (Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες Olympiakoi Agones) were a series of Athletic The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London.
• London Borough of Waltham Forest, where some of the events will take place. The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in East London England and forms part of Outer London.
• Department for Culture, Media and Sport
• London Development Agency
• Greater London Authority
• River Lee Country Park, the canoeing events venue. The Department for Culture Media and Sport ( DCMS) is a department of the United Kingdom government, with responsibility for culture and sport The London Development Agency ( LDA) is the Regional Development Agency for Greater London, England. The Greater London Authority ( GLA) is the city-wide governing body for London, England. The River Lee Country Park is located in the Lee Valley Park and is managed by the Lee Valley Regional Park Authority.
• Thames Gateway
• Major sports event hosting in Britain during the 2010s
• "Fear Her", a 2006 episode of Doctor Who set during the games. The Thames Gateway is an area of land stretching 40 miles (60 km east from inner East London on both sides of the River Thames and the Thames Estuary. The United Kingdom has been awarded or is bidding to hold a number of major international sporting events during the 2010s leading to an idea of a 'Golden Decade' in British sport " Fear Her " is an episode of the British Science fiction television series Doctor Who. Doctor Who is a British science fiction television programme produced by the BBC.
• Dream Number
• "Go for Gold" 2012 Olympic scratchcards

References

• BBC (2005). Focus on London's Olympic Plans. Retrieved July 7, 2005

External links

• London 2012 Official Homepage
• Work in Progress:Official blog of the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games
• London 2012 Flickr group: Photography from olympic park, and bid
• Local view of the Olympics from host borough the London Borough of Newham
• Official Olympics Website announces London as host
• Video of announcement from Official Olympics Website (WMV format)
• BBC: London beats Paris to 2012 Games
• Commentary on 2012 Olympic Park
• BBC: Reactions to the announcement of the host city of the 2012 Olympic Games
• BBC: Coverage of the announcement.
• 2012 London XXX Olympiad Forum
• CityMayors 2012 FAQ

Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Windows Media Video ( WMV) is a compressed Video file format for several proprietary Codecs developed by Microsoft.

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