The Juba talks were a series of negotiations between the government of Uganda and the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group over the terms of a ceasefire and possible peace agreement. The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. The talks, held in Juba, the capital of autonomous Southern Sudan, began in July 2006 and were mediated by Riek Machar, the Vice President of Southern Sudan. Juba is a city in Sudan, the regional capital of Southern Sudan and the capital of the Sudanese state of Central Equatoria. Southern Sudan is a region of Sudan, comprising ten of that country's states Riek Machar Teny (born 1952 a Dok Nuer, is the current vice-president of the autonomous Government of Southern Sudan. The talks, which had resulted in a ceasefire by September 2006, were described as the best chance ever for a negotiated settlement to the 20-year-old war. [1] However, LRA leader Joseph Kony refused to sign the peace agreement in April 2008. Joseph Kony (born ca 1962 is the head of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA a guerrilla group that is engaged in a violent campaign to establish a theocratic Two months later, the LRA carried out an attack on a Southern Sudanese town, prompting the Government of Southern Sudan to officially withdraw from their mediation role.
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Preparations
A delegation from the LRA arrived in Juba, Sudan on 8 June 2006 to prepare for talks with the Ugandan government, to be mediated by the Government of Southern Sudan [2] and by the Community of Sant'Egidio [3]. Juba is a city in Sudan, the regional capital of Southern Sudan and the capital of the Sudanese state of Central Equatoria. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Southern Sudan has become a semi-autonomous region of Sudan since a peace agreement was signed between the Government of Sudan and the rebel Sudan People's The Community of Sant'Egidio is a Christian community that is officially recognized by the Catholic Church as a "Church public lay association" These talks were agreed to after Kony released a video in May in which he denied committing atrocities and seemed to call for an end to hostilities, in response to an announcement by Museveni that he would guarantee the safety of Kony if peace was agreed to by July. Museveni had pledged to grant Kony total amnesty if he gave up "terrorism". Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion Uganda's security minister Amama Mbabazi urged the International Criminal Court to drop the indictments issued in 2005 against leaders of the LRA, but LRA legal adviser Krispus Ayena Odongo rejected the offer, saying that accepting amnesty "presupposes surrender" and would mean the LRA was no longer available for discussions. Amama Mbabazi (born January 16, 1949) is the Ugandan Minister of Security The International Criminal Court ( ICC or ICCt) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for Genocide, crimes against [4][5] Several organisations, including the ICC[6] and the International Bar Association's Human Rights Institute[7] insisted that LRA leaders must be arrested in accordance with the Rome Statute. The International Bar Association (IBA is an international association of Lawyers from different countries The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (often referred to as the International Criminal Court Statute or the Rome Statute) is the Treaty
Joseph Kony gave his first interview to the press after 20 years of carrying out the conflict in late June 2006. Joseph Kony (born ca 1962 is the head of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA a guerrilla group that is engaged in a violent campaign to establish a theocratic He denied that the LRA had carried out any atrocities and blamed President Museveni for oppressing the Acholi. [8] Regardless, in late June 2006, the Government of Southern Sudan formally invited Uganda to attend peace talks. [9]
Initial negotiations
On July 14, 2006 talks began in Juba between delegations from the LRA and Uganda, with the Vice-president of Southern Sudan Riek Machar as the chief mediator. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Riek Machar Teny (born 1952 a Dok Nuer, is the current vice-president of the autonomous Government of Southern Sudan. The leader of the Ugandan delegation, Internal Affairs Minister Ruhakana Rugunda stated that his priority was to obtain a quick ceasefire. Ruhakana Rugunda (born November 7, 1947) is the Ugandan Minister of Internal Affairs and the Member of Parliament for Kabale Municipality [10] The LRA delegation, led by Martin Ojul, said that LRA's acceptance of the peace talks should not be interpreted that LRA can no longer fight, but stressed that a negotiated settlement is the best way to end the conflict. [11]
The initial delegation was criticized as largely consisting of expatriate Acholi, rather than members of the fighting force. However, after many delays Vincent Otti arrived for meetings on the 29th,[12] followed the next day by Kony's 14-year old son Salim Saleh Kony (sharing a name with brother of President Museveni, Salim Saleh). Vincent Otti (born ca 1946 confirmed as dead with date of death thought to be 3 November 2007 was deputy-leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA a rebel Guerrilla Salim Saleh (born Caleb Akandwanaho, 14 January, 1960) is the Ugandan Minister of State for Microfinance, and formerly [13] Kony himself met with local religious and political leaders from northern Uganda and southern Sudan on the following day. [13] On 2 August, Kony held his first ever press conference in which he demanded a ceasefire before LRA-government negotiations resumed on the 7th and denied ever abducting children. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Some media sources noted that, of the approximately 80 LRA fighters surrounding the press venue, several appeared to be in their early teens. [14][15]
The broader context of the talks remained confused. The government of Southern Sudan views the talks as a means of ridding itself of a foreign army that is complicating their delicate relationship with the Khartoum government. Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Kharṭūm) is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. The request by the Ugandan Government for ICC to suspend war crimes indictments against leaders of the LRA, condemned by international human rights groups but largely supported by leaders and civilians within northern Uganda, led some political analysts to see Ugandan Government's request as a ploy to gain local support. The comment of a George Olara, an IDP living in a camp in Pader, was fairly typical: "He [Kony] should not be taken to The Hague. Internally displaced persons (IDPs are people forced to flee their homes but who unlike refugees remain within their country's borders Pader is a district in northern Uganda with a population of 325885 (2002 census Let him come back and live with the community because this is how reconciliation will be achieved. . . . Peace will come if the talks succeed, but there is the potential that they may also fail like they have done before". Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War. [16]
Ceasefire
On 4 August 2006, Vincent Otti declared a unilateral ceasefire and asked the Ugandan government to reciprocate. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Ugandan Internal Affairs Minister Ruhakana Rugunda stated that they were waiting to see the effect on the ground. Ruhakana Rugunda (born November 7, 1947) is the Ugandan Minister of Internal Affairs and the Member of Parliament for Kabale Municipality [17] ICC indictee Raska Lukwiya was killed in battle on 12 August 2006; the LRA asked for three days of mourning though a spokesman said that talks would continue. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [1] Ugandan President Museveni set a 12 September 2006 deadline to finalize a peace deal. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [18] The government and LRA signed a truce on 26 August 2006. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Under the terms of the agreement, LRA forces were required to leave Uganda and gather in two assembly areas, where the Ugandan government promised they would not attack and the government of Southern Sudan guaranteed their safety. Once this is accomplished, talks on a comprehensive peace agreement would begin. [19] Although a final agreement was not reached by the 12 August deadline, LRA rebels began gathering in the assembly areas and the government delegation stated that they would not hold to the deadline. Machar stated that several hundred rebels, including Otti, had gathered either at Ri-Kwangba in West Equatoria or Owiny Ki-Bul in East Equatoria. Ri-Kwangba is a site in West Equatoria, Sudan, near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Owiny Ki-Bul ( Acholi: "sound of the drums" is a village in the state of East Equatoria in Southern Sudan. [20]
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The government also began a process of creating "satellite camps" to decongest the main IDP camps. The start of the period 1994 to 2002 of the Lord's Resistance Army insurgency in northern Uganda saw the conflict intensifying due to Sudanese support to the rebels The Holy Spirit Movement (HSM was the Ugandan rebel group led by Alice Auma, a spirit-medium who claimed to receive direction from the spirit Lakwena Alice Auma (1956 &ndash 17 January 2007) was an Acholi spirit-medium who as the head of the Holy Spirit Movement, led a millennial Joseph Kony (born ca 1962 is the head of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA a guerrilla group that is engaged in a violent campaign to establish a theocratic In Pader, 28 satellite sites were occupied out of 48 identified as of late September 2006, while the numbers in Kitgum were 21 of 36. IDPs farther south in Teso and Lango were being encouraged to return home directly. The Iteso plural (also referred to as Teso is the place where Iteso traditionally live in, Etesot singular male and Atesot singular female) are an ethnic The Lango (plural Langi) people live in Lango sub-region in the central area of Uganda, north of Lake Kyoga. However, talks continued to be delayed. On 23 September, the LRA delegation threatened to walk out of the negotiations, claiming that the UPDF had attacked their forces at Owiny Ki-Bul and demanding that composition of the government delegation be changed and that the ICC warrants be voided before any agreement. Uganda denied the accusation of attacks. Both delegations met with mediator Riek Machar on 25 September 2006, but not with each other. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [21]
Attacks
The negotiations were paused in early October while a Cessation of Hostilities monitoring team was sent to Owiny Ki-Bul. The team found that no attack had taken place, but that the LRA had simply moved away from the designated site. The team recommended that the LRA rebels regroup at Owiny Ki-Bul, while stating that the LRA had not honored the agreement and was using hostile propaganda, that the UPDF was located close to the assembly points and that the mediators had failed to provide armed guards for the assembled rebels. On 11 October 2006, the LRA proposed that Uganda adopt a federalist structure, prompting criticism from the government spokesperson. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing [22]
On 20 October 2006, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni traveled to Juba to meet the LRA negotiators face-to-face for the first time in an attempt to revive the talks, described as "stalled" by BBC News and "faltering" by The Monitor newspaper. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ( (born c 1944 Ntungamo, Uganda) has been the President of Uganda since 29 January 1986 The Monitor and Sunday Monitor are national Newspapers in Uganda. A Uganda government source reported that the president spoke angrily and rebuked the LRA team several times, before later referring to the LRA as "unserious" in a subsequent address to South Sudan government officials. A pall had been thrown over the talks by the murder of several dozen civilians, including the shooting of women and children in the head, near Juba during the two previous days. The attacks were carried out by an as-yet unnamed group, but some suspected that the LRA was responsible for the mayhem. [23]
After a week-long impasse, the LRA and government signed a second truce on 1 November 2006 that mandated the monitoring team until 1 December. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The previous agreement had technically expired in September. As part of the agreement, the army was to withdraw from Owiny Ki-Bul, past a 30-km (18-mi) buffer zone. The LRA was given a week to regroup at Owiny Ki-Bul, and four weeks to gather at Ri-Kwangba. Both Kony and Otti refused to enter the camps, citing fear of arrest on the ICC warrants. The agreement further stated that food would not be provided to LRA units outside the assembly points except in "exceptional circumstances". [24]
In one of the most significant moments for the LRA during the talks, United Nations Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland met with Kony and Otti in the hopes of pushing the talks forward on 12 November 2006. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator is a high level position in the United Nations that heads the Office for the Coordination Jan Egeland (born September 12, 1957 in Norway) was the United Nations Undersecretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Egeland had previously stated that he would meet with Kony only if the LRA released abducted children and wounded members, but Kony denied that anyone in the LRA was either wounded or held against their will. [25]
The LRA declared that it was withdrawing from the talks on November 30, stating that UPDF had killed three of its fighters. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats The deadline for the LRA fighters to finish gathering at the assembly points was 1 December. Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican [26] Uganda denied the charge. Also, outgoing United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Joaquim Chissano, former president of Mozambique, to be the UN envoy to the conflict. The Secretary-General of the United Nations is the head of the Secretariat, one of the principal organs of the United Nations. Kofi Atta Annan, GCMG (born 8 April 1938 is a Ghanaian Diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations Joaquim Alberto Chissano (born 22 October 1939) served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa [27] The truce was further extended for two more months on 18 December. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the [28]
On 2007-01-12, Ojul stated that recent comments made by al-Bashir and Kiir clearly signified that the LRA was not welcome any longer in Sudan, and that further talks should occur in Kenya instead. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south [29][30] On 14 March 2007 the LRA stated it would once again return to the Juba talks. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [31] After South Africa, Kenya and Mozambique agreed to join the peace talks (a demand the LRA had made before it would return to Juba), the next round of talks was held from 13 April to 14 April 2007. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [32] In this round, the ceasefire was extended until 30 June 2007, and Ri Kwangba was the agreed upon assembly point. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Ri-Kwangba is a site in West Equatoria, Sudan, near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The next round of talks was set for 25 April 2007[33]. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
Resumption
Following this suspension in the peace talks, the Juba Initiative Project enabled the resumption of the talks in May 2007, thanks to the efforts of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for LRA-affected areas Joaquim Chissano. The Juba Initiative Project is an ad hoc funding mechanism funded by several world donors to support the peace talks between the Government of Uganda and the opposition group Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Joaquim Alberto Chissano (born 22 October 1939) served as the second President of Mozambique for nineteen years from 6 November 1986 The talks were again mediated by the Government of Southern Sudan, but with the support of the United Nations and logistic facilitation from the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), under the leadership of her local head Eliane Duthoit. Southern Sudan is a region of Sudan, comprising ten of that country's states The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Eliane Duthoit (born 1946 Brittany) a French citizen is a senior United Nations official at the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs [34]
On 29 June 2007, the sides agreed to the principles of how justice and reconciliation will be handled, the third of the five-point agenda. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The LRA and government agreed that both formal justice procedures and the traditional Mato Oput ceremony of reconciliation would play a role. Government delegation spokesperson Barigye Ba-Hoku stated that they would attempt to convince the ICC that this would address their concerns about impunity and that arrests under ICC auspices would not be necessary. [35] In November 2007, an LRA delegation led by Martin Ojul journeyed to Kampala to restate their commitment to a peaceful resolution of the conflict. Ojul later led the delegation on a tour of northern Uganda to meet victims of the insurgency and ask their forgiveness. However, reports surfaced that LRA deputy commander Otti had been executed on or around 8 October 2007 over an internal power struggle with Kony. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [36]
On 2007-12-20, the government set an ultimatum for the peace talks to conclude by 2008-01-31, threatening that a new military offensive otherwise. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes [37] The death of Vincent Otti, confirmed in mid-January 2008, was reported to threaten the success of the talks. Vincent Otti (born ca 1946 confirmed as dead with date of death thought to be 3 November 2007 was deputy-leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA a rebel Guerrilla [38] Talks resumed on 30 January 2008, and the ceasefire was extended until 29 February 2008. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [39] The European Union and the United States joined the negotiations, increasing the number of observers to eight. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [40]
A breakthrough in negotiations was reached on 3 February 2008 regarding accountability and reconciliation. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [41] A deal was signed on 19 February 2008 which decided that the war crimes would be tried in a special section of the High Court of Uganda, thus bypassing the International Criminal Court and also removing one of the last obstacles to a final peace deal. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The International Criminal Court ( ICC or ICCt) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for Genocide, crimes against [42] On 22 February 2008, the rebels walked out of the talks again after being denied senior government posts. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [43] However, shortly thereafter they signed another breakthrough agreement according to which they "would be considered for government and army posts", but not automatically appointed. [44] A permanent ceasefire to come into effect 24 hours after the signing a comprehensive peace treaty (expected by 29 February 2008) was agreed upon on 23 February 2008. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [45][46]
More problems appeared on 28 February 2008: The rebels demand a retraction of the ICC indictments, but the Ugandan government only wants to ask the UN to do that after the rebels have demobilised. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [47] An accord on Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration was signed late on 29 February 2008, leaving the signing of the peace treaty itself as the last missing action. Leap years Although the modern calendar counts a year as 365 days a complete revolution around the sun takes approximately 365 days and 6 hours 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [48]
The truce was extended until 28 March 2008,[49] and the final peace talks will continue on 12 March 2008. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [50] The ICC prosecutor-general Luis Moreno-Ocampo on 5 March 2008 rejected demands by the rebels for a meeting, stating that "arrest warrants issued by the court. Luis Moreno-Ocampo (born 4 June 1952, Buenos Aires) is the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common . . remain in effect and have to be executed". [51] it was reported that rebel leader Kony would nonetheless come out of the bush to sign the peace agreement on 28 March 2008, with the implicit agreement that he will not be apprehended and transferred to the ICC while out in the open; such an action was also thought to likely see a remobilisation of his rebel army. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Furthermore, it was suggested that Uganda should lobby at the United Nations Security Council to suspend the ICC indictments for a year. [52]
On 12 March 2008, as final talks were set to continue, the ICC inquired as to the precise definition of the powers of the proposed intra-Ugandan war crimes court section, in a move seen as softening the indictments on the LRA rebels. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [53] The final signing of the peace deal was delayed on 26 March 2008 from 28 March 2008 to 3 April 2008; while the ceasefire was not formally extended with this deadline, both parties were expected to continue adhering to it. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [54] The signing was then further delayed to 5 April 2008. Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [55] It was later announced that Kony would sign the deal in the bush two days before that. [56] However, this was postponed to 10 April 2008; reportedly, Kony was suffering from diarrhoea. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common In Medicine, diarrhea, also spelled diarrhoea (see spelling differences) is frequent loose or liquid Bowel movements Acute diarrhea [57]
The ICC inquired as to the precise nature of the special courts in Uganda. [58] Kony delayed the signing of the final treaty further on 10 April 2008, reportedly asking for more information about what kind of punishments he could face. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [59] He later clarified that he wanted to know further details about how mato-oput, the Acholi traditional justice, would be used, and how exactly the special division of the High Court would work;[60] he then suspended the peace talks and appointed a new negotiating team, claiming to "have been misled". Acholi (also Acoli) is an Ethnic group from the districts of Gulu, Kitgum and Pader in northern Uganda (an area commonly [61] Specifically, Kony fired chief LRA negotiator David Nyakorach Matsanga and replaced him with James Obita. [62] Kony subsequently failed to show up at Nabanga to sign the treaty. [63]
Collapse
The government subsequently stated that they would return to Juba and Kampala, as the LRA had broken the agreement, and that the ceasefire agreement would not be extended. The next steps of both sides are unclear. [64] Diplomats unsuccessfully tried to restart the talks on 26 April 2008. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [65] On 26 May 2008, the government set up a special war crimes court with the mandate to try the LRA in an attempt to convince the ICC to withdraw its indictments against LRA leaders. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [66]
Since April 2008, the LRA had begun rearming and abducting recruits, with the BBC stating that 1000 new abductees had been added to the 600 old LRA fighters by June. [67] Lord's Resistance Army negotiator James Obita stated that on 4 June 2008, the Southern Sudan army attacked an LRA encampment killing two, though this is unconfirmed. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [68] On 5 June 2008, the LRA attacked the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA) camp at Nabanga, killing 21, seven soldiers and 14 civilians, before killing a local chief in the nearby village of Yamba. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [63] The LRA fighters burnt the SPLA camp before returning to Ri-Kwangba. Ri-Kwangba is a site in West Equatoria, Sudan, near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [62] This occurred as Kony reappointed Matsanga as chief negotiator. Matsanga claimed on June 6th to have contacted UN Envoy Joaquim Chissano to revive the talks; Chissano subsequently arrived in Kampala for talks with President Museveni on June 7th. [63] However, the Government of Southern Sudan announced on June 8th that they would no longer mediate, with Information Minister Gabriel Changson Cheng noting that there were multiple reasons for the decision, including the recent attack and the apparent lack of interest in the peace process on the part of the Ugandan government. [69] The governments of the nations in which the LRA is active met earlier in the week and all suggested military action. [67]
Notes and references
- ^ a b Uganda hopeful about rebel talks, BBC News, 14 August 2006
- ^ LRA rebels arrive for Sudan talks, BBC News, 8 June 2006
- ^ (Italian)"Guerra in Nord Uganda: la fine è a portata di mano", Avvenire, August 20, 2006
- ^ Uganda LRA rebels reject amnesty, BBC News, 7 July 2006
- ^ ICC urged to drop LRA charges, BBC News, 12 July 2006
- ^ Museveni Amnesty to Kony Illegal - ICC, AllAfrica (The Monitor), 6 July 2006
- ^ IBA says Ugandan Government must meet obligations under the Rome Statute, IBA News Release, 13 July 2006
- ^ Sam Farmar, Uganda rebel leader breaks silence, BBC Newsnight, 28 June 2006
- ^ UGANDA: Gov't to send team to Sudan over proposed LRA talks, IRIN, 28 June 2006
- ^ Ceasefire First On Kony Agenda, AllAfrica (The Monitor), 15 July 2006
- ^ Opening speech of LRA delegation at Juba talks, Sunday Vision, 15 July 2006
- ^ Key Uganda rebel 'attends talks', BBC News, 29 July 2006
- ^ a b Uganda officials 'meet LRA chief', BBC News, 30 July 2006
- ^ UGANDA: Government, rebels to resume talks in Sudan, IRIN, 2 August 2006
- ^ Video footage of peace talks in Juba, plus snippet of Kony press conference, video and commentary by Ruud Elmendorp presented on Rocketboom, 16 August 2006
- ^ UGANDA: Locals want rebel leader forgiven, IRIN, 1 August 2006
- ^ LRA leaders declare ceasefire, BBC, 4 August 2006
- ^ Uganda resumes talks with rebels BBC News 18 August 2006
- ^ Uganda and LRA rebels sign truce, BBC News, 26 August 2006
- ^ Uganda drops peace talks deadline, BBC, 12 September 2006
- ^ UGANDA: Most rebels have left northern Uganda for Sudan - army, IRIN, 26 September 2006
- ^ UGANDA: Rebels propose federalist solution at Juba talks, IRIN, 11 October 2006
- ^ "LRA rebels meet Uganda's Museveni", BBC News, 21 October 2006; "SUDAN: Armed group kills 42 civilians", IRIN, 20 October 2006; and "Museveni meets LRA face to face", The Sunday Monitor, 21 October 2006
- ^ "UGANDA: Revised gov't-LRA ceasefire deal signed", IRIN, 1 November 2006
- ^ "UN envoy sees Uganda rebel chief", BBC News, 12 November 2006
- ^ "UGANDA: Talks hit fresh snag amid rebel protest", IRIN, 30 November 2006
- ^ "UGANDA: Museveni optimistic peace will prevail", IRIN, 5 December 2006
- ^ "Ugandan LRA rebel truce extended", BBC News, 18 December 2006. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Avvenire is a daily newspaper affiliated with the Roman Catholic Church. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the CNN programme see NewsNight with Aaron Brown Newsnight is a British daily News analysis Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Christian soldiers take the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem after the final Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rocketboom is a daily Vlog produced by Andrew Baron It was launched on October 26 2004 and was hosted by Amanda Congdon. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 293 BC - The oldest known Roman temple to Venus is founded starting the institution of Vinalia Rustica. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Integrated Regional Information Networks, commonly known as IRIN, is a project of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Monitor and Sunday Monitor are national Newspapers in Uganda. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Rebels snub Ugandan peace talks", BBC News, 12 January 2007
- ^ "Uganda: LRA Quit Juba Talks, Govt Rejects Rebels' Demands", allAfrica. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. com, 21 January 2007. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ http://allafrica.com/stories/200703140450.html
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: S. Africa, Kenya Join Juba Peace Talks (Page 1 of 1)
- ^ "Govt, LRA talks underway", Sunday Monitor, April 15 - 21, 2007
- ^ "SUDAN-UGANDA: LRA talks, pencils and helicopters", IRIN, 31 May 2007
- ^ "UGANDA: LRA talks reach agreement on accountability"
- ^ "Ugandan rebel deputy feared dead" BBC News, 7 November 2007
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Uganda LRA rebels given ultimatum
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Rebel death may hurt Uganda talks
- ^ AFP: Ugandan government, rebels extend ceasefire
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: U.S., EU Join Juba Peace Talks (Page 1 of 1)
- ^ SudanTribune article : Uganda and LRA agree on accountability mechanisms
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Ugandans reach war crimes accord
- ^ Ugandan rebels, government sign deal - International Herald Tribune
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | New breakthrough in Uganda talks
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Uganda and LRA agree to ceasefire
- ^ SudanTribune article : Uganda, rebel LRA signs permanent ceasefire agreement in Juba
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Uganda rejects key peace demand
- ^ Tolerance.ca® - Uganda, rebels sign disarmament accord: government
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: LRA Truce Extended to March 28 (Page 1 of 1)
- ^ Uganda extends truce with LRA - UPI.com
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | ICC rejects Uganda rebel overture
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Ugandan rebels 'will sign deal'
- ^ Latest News - SomaliNet
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: LRA Rebels Sign Peace on April 3 (Page 1 of 1)
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: Govt, LRA Sign Second Agreement (Page 1 of 1)
- ^ SudanTribune article : LRA’s Kony to sign peace deal in bush - South Sudan
- ^ Mugabe's party expects to figh
- ^ SudanTribune article : ICC inquires into establishment of Special Courts for LRA
- ^ AFP: Uganda rebel leader delays peace deal signing: top mediator
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: Rebel Chief Refuses to Sign Peace Deal (Page 1 of 1)
- ^ SudanTribune article : Ugandan rebels suspend peace talks, appoint new team
- ^ a b "Kony rebels attack SPLA camp, kill 21", The New Vision, 6 June 2008
- ^ a b c "UN envoy tries to save Uganda peace talks", AFP via Google, 8 June 2008
- ^ allAfrica.com: Uganda: Govt Suspends Indefinitely Signing Peace Deal With LRA (Page 1 of 2)
- ^ SudanTribune article : Diplomats prepare for more Ugandan peace talks
- ^ BBC NEWS | Africa | Uganda sets up war crimes court
- ^ a b "Ugandan rebels 'prepare for war'", BBC News, 6 June 2008
- ^ "23 people killed near Sudan-Congo border", AFP via Google, 8 June 2008
- ^ "GoSS suspends talks over LRA attack", The Monitor (Uganda), 8 June 2008
External links
- Beyond Juba: Building Sustainable Peace in Uganda website, a project of Makerere University, Uganda
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