Millennia:

2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium

Iron Age This box: view • talk • edit
↑ Bronze Age
Bronze Age collapse Ancient Near East (1300-600 BC) Aegean, Anatolia, Assyria, Caucasus, Egypt, Levant, Persia India (1200-200 BC) Painted Grey Ware Northern Black Polished Ware Mauryan period Europe (1000 BC-400 AD) Novocherkassk Hallstatt C Villanovan culture British Iron Age Greece, Rome, Celts Scandinavia China (600-200 BC) Warring States Period Japan (500 BC-300 AD) Yayoi period Korea (400-60 BC) Nigeria (400 BC-200 AD)
Axial Age Classical Antiquity Zhou Dynasty Vedic period alphabetic writing, metallurgy
↓Historiography Greek, Roman, Chinese, Islamic

The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. The first millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1, and ended on December 31, 1000, of the Julian calendar. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for The Bronze Age collapse is the name given by those historians who see the transition from the The Ancient Near East refers to early Civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq The Dark Ages (ca 1150 BC–800 BC refers to Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 11th century The History of Anatolia encompasses the region known as Anatolia ( Turkish Anadolu) known by the Latin name of Asia Minor, considered to be The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC The history of the Caucasus region can be divided into the history of the Northern Caucasus (Ciscaucasia historically in the sphere of influence of Scythia The Third Intermediate Period refers to the time in Ancient Egypt from the death of Pharaoh Ramesses XI in 1070 BC to the foundation of the The Levant is a geographical term that refers to a large area in Southwest Asia, south of the Taurus Mountains, bounded by the Mediterranean Sea in The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of The Iron Age in the Indian subcontinent succeeds the Late Harappan (Cemetery H culture also known as the last phase of the Indus Valley Tradition The Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW is an Iron Age culture of Gangetic plain, lasting from roughly 1100 BC to 350 BC. The Northern Black Polished Ware culture (NBPW/NBP of the South Asia (ca The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. The Chernogorovka and Novocherkassk cultures (ca 900 to 650 BC are Iron Age Steppe cultures in Ukraine and Russia, centered The Hallstatt culture was the predominant The Villanovan culture was the earliest Iron Age culture of central and northern Italy, abruptly In Britain and Ireland the Iron Age lasted from about the 7th century BC until the Roman conquest and until the 5th century in non- Romanised The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Iron Age in Scandinavia and Northern Europe begins around 500 BC with the Jastorf culture, and is taken to last until ca The Iron Age in Ancient China begins in ca 600 BC and is taken to last until the beginning of Imperial China and the rise of the Qin Dynasty The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. The is an era in the history of Japan from about 500 BC to 300 AD. Jin state was an early Iron Age state which occupied some portion of the southern Korean peninsula during the 2nd and 3rd centuries BCE bordering the Korean The Nok civilization appeared in Nigeria around 500 BC and mysteriously vanished around 200 AD German Philosopher Karl Jaspers coined the term the axial age ( Achsenzeit in the German language original to describe the period Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean The Zhou Dynasty ( POJ: Chiu Tiau 1122 BC to 256 BC was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Vedic Period (or Vedic Age) is the period in the History of India during which the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, were being The history of the Alphabet begins in Ancient Egypt, more than a millennium into the History of writing. The history of ferrous metallurgy began far back in Prehistory, most likely with the use of Iron from Meteorites The Smelting of iron in Historiography in Ancient and Byzantine Greece.; Classical Greece Herodotus Hellanicus of Lesbos History The History of Roman Historiography Roman Historiography is indebted to the Greeks, who invented the form Chinese Historiography refers to the study of methods and assumptions made in studying Chinese history. The Historiography of early Islam refers to the study of the early origins of Islam based on a critical analysis evaluation and examination of authentic Primary This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man.

The Neo-Assyrian Empire, followed by the Achaemenids. The Neo-Assyrian Empire was a period of Mesopotamian history which began in 934 BC and ended in 609 BC The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of In Greece, Classical Antiquity begins with the colonization of Magna Graecia and peaks with the rise of Hellenism. Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. The close of the millennium sees the rise of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial In South Asia, the Vedic civilization blends into the Maurya Empire. The Vedic Period (or Vedic Age) is the period in the History of India during which the Vedas, the oldest sacred texts of Hinduism, were being The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The early Celts dominate Central Europe while Northern Europe is in the Pre-Roman Iron Age. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts The Pre-Roman Iron Age of Northern Europe ( 5th / 4th century BC - 1st century BC) designates the earliest part of the Iron Age in Scandinavia The Scythians dominate Central Asia. The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic In China, the Spring and Autumn Period sees the rise of Confucianism. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states. The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The Indo-Greek Kingdom (or sometimes Graeco-Indian Kingdom) covered various parts of the northwest and northern Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. The Maya civilization rises in Central America, while in Africa, Ancient Egypt begins its decline and Ethiopian civilization its rise. The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas Ancient Egypt was an Ancient Civilization in eastern North Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in what is now Dʿmt ( ESA: Himjar ajinPNG|10px]]Himjar ta2PNG|10px]] was a kingdom located in current region of Eritrea and northern Ethiopia that existed The religions of Judaism, Zoroastrianism, Hinduism (Vedic religion and Vedanta), Jainism and Buddhism develop. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. This article discusses the historical religious practices in the Vedic time period see Hinduism and Indian religions for details Vedanta ( Devanagari: sa वेदान्त Vedānta) is a spiritual tradition explained in the Upanishads that is concerned with the Self-realisation Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Graeco-Roman Europe, India and China see the rise of literature. The History of literature begins with the History of writing, in Bronze Age Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, although the oldest literary World population greatly increases in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 to 400 million people at its close depending on the estimates used. The world population is the total number of living Humans on Earth at a given time

Contents 1 Events 2 Significant persons 3 Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions 4 Cultural landmarks 5 Centuries and Decades 6 See also

Events

• c. 1000 BC — Helladic period ended in Ancient Greece. Helladic is a modern archaeological term meant to identify a sequence of periods characterizing the culture of mainland Ancient Greece during the Bronze Age. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca
• The Iron Age spreads to Western Europe. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe '
• Egypt declined as a major power. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
• Rise and fall of Assyrian Kingdom. Ashurbanipal, the literate emperor extends his Kingdom.
• The Tanakh was written. See also Old testament, Septuagint, Targum, Peshitta The Tanakh (תַּנַ"ךְ (taˈnax or; also Tenakh or Tenak is
• The Roman Republic is established (6th century BC). The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.
• Buddhism was founded by Siddharta Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (6th century BC). Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.
• Jainism was preached by Mahavira (6th century BC). Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Mahavira (महावीर lit Great Hero) (599 – 527 BCE is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana ( Sanskrit: वर्धमान The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. He was the last Tirthankar[24th](Preacher) of Jainism.
• Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and created the Persian Empire (6th century BC)
• Sparta and Athens fought the Peloponnesian War. Babylon was a City-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which can be found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The city of Sparta ( Doric Σπάρτα Attic Σπάρτη Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's
• Darius the Great expanded the Persian Empire to its greatest reach, which extended from Greece, down towards Egypt, and east towards Pakistan (5th century BC). Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC.
• Alexander the Great conquers the Persian Empire (4th century BC). Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC.
• Hellenic Greek culture spread through the Mediterranean. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca
• Chandragupta Maurya founded the Mauryan Empire (4th century BC). Chandragupta Maurya (चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य sometimes known simply as Chandragupta (born c The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC.
• Ashoka the Great expanded the Mauryan Empire to its greatest extent, after conquering most of the Indian subcontinent along with Afghanistan (3rd century BC). Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia For geopolitical treatments see South Asia. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC
• Gojoseon ruling over northern Korean peninsula and southern Manchuria first appears on record of Qi state of China as their trade opponent. Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom considered the first proper nation of the Korean people. Physical geography See also Geography of North Korea, Geography of South Korea Mountains cover 70 percent of the Korean Peninsula and arable plains are Manchuria ( Romanized Manchu: Manju,, Маньчжурия Mongolian: Манж is a historical name given to a vast geographic region in northeast Qi ( 齊; Pinyin: Qí was a powerful state during the Spring and Autumn Period and Period of the Warring States. (7th century BC). The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC.
• China was unified under the Qin Dynasty (3rd century BC). China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC
• Celts invaded Western Europe. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Western Europe at its most general meaning means 'all the countries in the West of Europe '
• Rome and Carthage fought the Punic wars. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 Carthage (Καρχηδών Karkhēdōn, Carthago from the Phoenician קרת חדשת phn-Latn Qart-ḥadašt meaning new town) refers The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage between 264 and 146 BC and were probably the largest wars yet of the ancient
• The Maya civilization began. The Maya civilization is a Mesoamerican Civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the Pre-Columbian Americas
• Rome invaded Ancient Greece

Significant persons

• David, Israelite king
• Zoroaster, founder of Zoroastrianism (circa 1200 BC, give or take six centuries)
• Mahavira, preacher of Jainism (6th century BC)
• Gautama Buddha, Hindu prince, founder of Buddhism (6th century BC)
• Lao Zi, Chinese philosopher and founder of Taoism (6th century BC)
• Confucius, Chinese philosopher (6th century BC)
• Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire (6th century BC)
• Darius the Great, ruler of the Persian Empire (5th century BC)
• Pānini, Indian Sanskrit grammarian, world's first known linguist, considered the father of computing machines (7th–4th century BC)
• Homer, Greek poet (6th–3rd century BC)
• Isaiah, Hebrew prophet
• Jeremiah, Hebrew prophet
• Ezekiel, Hebrew prophet
• Pericles, Athenian statesman
• Socrates, Greek philosopher
• Plato, Greek philosopher
• Aristotle, Greek philosopher
• Alexander the Great, Greek conqueror (4th century BC)
• Chandragupta Maurya, founder of the Mauryan empire (4th century BC) He was jain. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 David, Arabic: داوود or داود dawud, "beloved" was the second king of the united Kingdom of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible Zoroaster ( Latinized from Greek variants) or Zarathushtra (from Avestan Zaraθuštra) also referred to as Zartosht (زرتشت Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings Mahavira (महावीर lit Great Hero) (599 – 527 BCE is the name most commonly used to refer to the Indian sage Vardhamana ( Sanskrit: वर्धमान Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Siddhārtha Gautama ( Sanskrit; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual Teacher from Ancient India and the founder A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Laozi ( also Lao Tse, Lao-Tzu, Laotze, Lao Zi, Laocius, and other variations was a philosopher of ancient Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Confucius ( lit " Master Kung " September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Darius I the Great (c 549 BC&ndash486 BC 𐎭𐎠𐎼𐎹𐎺𐎢𐏁 Dārayavahuš: "Possessing goodness" Having ascended to power amidst controversy and bloodshed The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Pāṇini ( IAST: Pāṇini Dēvanāgarī: sa पाणिनि a Patronymic meaning "descendant of {{IAST|Paṇi}} " was an ancient Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical Grammar is the field of Linguistics that covers the Rules governing the use of any given natural language. Linguistics is the scientific study of Language, encompassing a number of sub-fields A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Isaiah (; Greek:, Ēsaiās; Arabic: اشعیاء, Ash-ee-yaa; "Salvation of/is YHWH " is In Religion, a prophet (or prophetess) is a person who has encountered the Supernatural or the divine and serves as an intermediary Jeremiah ( jirmɛ'jahu; Septuagint Greek: Ἰερεμίας was one of the 'greater prophets ' of the Hebrew Bible. According to religious texts Ezekiel ((יְחֶזְקֵאל Yehezkel, jəx Pericles (also spelled Perikles) (c 495 – 429 BC Greek:, meaning "surrounded by glory" was a prominent and influential Statesman, orator SOCRATES is the European Community action programme in the field of Education. Biography Early life Birth and family Plato was born in Athens Greece Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. Chandragupta Maurya (चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य sometimes known simply as Chandragupta (born c The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC.
• Ashoka the Great, ruler of the Mauryan empire (3rd century BC)
• Pingala, Indian mathematician, inventor of the binary number system and the concept of zero
• Qin Shihuang, first emperor of China (3rd century BC)
• Euclid, Alexandrian mathematician
• Archimedes, Greek scientist
• Cicero, Latin orator and philosopher
• Julius Caesar, Roman conqueror and dictator (c. Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi The Maurya Empire ( 322 – 185 BCE) ruled by the Mauryan dynasty was a geographically extensive and powerful political and military The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Pingala ( पिङ्गल piṅgalá) was an ancient Indian writer famous for his work the Chandas Shastra ( chandaḥ-śāstra The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a Numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols usually 0 and 1. Qin Shi Huang ( (259 BC – September 10 210 BC personal name Yíng Zhèng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BCE to 221 BCE (during the The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Euclid ( Greek:.) fl 300 BC also known as Euclid of Alexandria, is often referred to as the Father of Geometry Archimedes of Syracuse ( Greek:) ( c. 287 BC – c 212 BC was a Greek mathematician, Physicist, Engineer Marcus Tullius Cicero ( Classical Latin ˈkikeroː usually ˈsɪsərəʊ in English January 3, 106 BC &ndash December 7, 43 BC was a Roman 100 BC–44 BC)
• Virgil, Latin poet
• Leonidas, king of Sparta until the Battle of Thermopylae
• Tiruvallur, a celebrated Tamil language poet who wrote the Thirukkural, a well known ethical work in Tamil literature. Year 44 BC was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Leonidas ( Greek:; "Lion's son" "Lion-like" was a king of Sparta, the 17th of the Agiad line one of the sons WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tiruvallur is a temple town and a Municipality in Tiruvallur district in the Indian Tamil (ta தமிழ்; t̪əmɨɻ is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamil people of the Indian subcontinent. Tamil literature refers to the Literature in the Tamil language.

Inventions, Discoveries, Introductions

• Iron use becomes widespread
• Buoyancy principle is discovered
• Geometry is developed
• Pythagorean theorem proved
• Eratosthenes proves that the earth is a sphere and estimates its diameter. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 In Physics, buoyancy ( BrE IPA: /ˈbɔɪənsi/ is the upward Force on an object produced by the surrounding liquid or gas in which it is Geometry ( Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth metria = measure is a part of Mathematics concerned with questions of size shape and relative position In Mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem ( American English) or Pythagoras' theorem ( British English) is a relation in Euclidean geometry Eratosthenes of Cyrene ( Greek; 276 BC - 194 BC was a Greek Mathematician, Poet, athlete, Geographer and
• The Phoenicians propagate the phonetic alphabet in the Mediterranean
• Many major religious and philosophical viewpoints are created, further explored or codified

Cultural landmarks

• The Axial Age (8th century BC — 2nd century BC), according to the theory of Karl Jaspers. Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun An alphabet is a standardized set of letters basic written symbols each of which roughly represents a Phoneme, a Spoken language, either German Philosopher Karl Jaspers coined the term the axial age ( Achsenzeit in the German language original to describe the period The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. Karl Theodor Jaspers ( February 23, 1883 – February 26, 1969) was a German Psychiatrist and Philosopher who
• Late 3rd century BC or 2nd century BC - Veiled and masked dancer is made. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. It is now kept at The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous

Centuries and Decades

10th century BC	990s BC	980s BC	970s BC	960s BC	950s BC	940s BC	930s BC	920s BC	910s BC	900s BC
9th century BC	890s BC	880s BC	870s BC	860s BC	850s BC	840s BC	830s BC	820s BC	810s BC	800s BC
8th century BC	790s BC	780s BC	770s BC	760s BC	750s BC	740s BC	730s BC	720s BC	710s BC	700s BC
7th century BC	690s BC	680s BC	670s BC	660s BC	650s BC	640s BC	630s BC	620s BC	610s BC	600s BC
6th century BC	590s BC	580s BC	570s BC	560s BC	550s BC	540s BC	530s BC	520s BC	510s BC	500s BC
5th century BC	490s BC	480s BC	470s BC	460s BC	450s BC	440s BC	430s BC	420s BC	410s BC	400s BC
4th century BC	390s BC	380s BC	370s BC	360s BC	350s BC	340s BC	330s BC	320s BC	310s BC	300s BC
3rd century BC	290s BC	280s BC	270s BC	260s BC	250s BC	240s BC	230s BC	220s BC	210s BC	200s BC
2nd century BC	190s BC	180s BC	170s BC	160s BC	150s BC	140s BC	130s BC	120s BC	110s BC	100s BC
1st century BC	90s BC	80s BC	70s BC	60s BC	50s BC	40s BC	30s BC	20s BC	10s BC	0s BC

See also

Holocene epoch This box: view • talk • edit
↑ Pleistocene
Holocene
Preboreal (10 ka - 9 ka), Boreal (9 ka - 8 ka), Atlantic (8 ka - 5 ka), Subboreal (5 ka - 2. Events and trends 993 BC — Amenemope succeeds Psusennes I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 984 BC — Osorkon the Elder succeeds Amenemope as king of Egypt. Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. Events and trends 967 BC — Tiglath-Pileser II becomes King of Assyria. Events and trends 959 BC — Psusennes II succeeds Siamun as king of Egypt. Events and trends 947 BC — Death of Zhou mo wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 935 BC — Death of Zhou gong wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and Events and trends 915 BC (by William F Albright) — Death of Rehoboam, King of the ancient Kingdom of Judah. The 9th century BC started the first day of 900 BC and ended the last day of 801 BC Events and trends 895 BC — Death of Zhou xiao wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 865 BC — Kar Kalmaneser was conquered by the Assyrian king Shalmaneser III. Events and trends 859 BC — Assurnasirpal II died 859 BC — Shalmaneser attacked Syria and Palestine. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 836 BC — Shalmaneser III of Assyria leads an expedition against the Tabareni. Events and trends 828 BC /827 BC (14th year in the era of Gònghé — King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China Events and trends 817 BC — Pedubastis I declares himself king of Egypt, founding the Twenty-third Dynasty. The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. Events and trends 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus Events and trends 763 BC — June 15 — A Solar eclipse at this date (in month Sivan) is used to fix the Chronology of the Events and trends 756 BC — Founding of Cyzicus. 755 BC — Ashur-nirari V succeeds Ashur-Dan III as king of Assyria Events and trends 747 BC — February 26 - Nabonassar becomes king of Babylonia. Events and trends 739 BC — Hiram II becomes king of Tyre. 738 BC — King Tiglath-Pileser III of Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events and trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria. The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt Events and trends 669 BC: Ashurbanipal succeeds his father Esarhaddon as king of Assyria. Events and trends Occupation begins at Maya site of Piedras Negras Guatemala. Events and trends Assyrian king Ashurbanipal founds library which includes our earliest complete copy of the Epic of Gilgamesh. Events and trends 636 BC — Duke Wen of Jin ascends to power in the State of Jin during the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 628 BC — King Josiah of Judah dies in the Battle of Megiddo against Pharaoh Necho II of Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. Events and trends 599 BC — Vardhamana Mahavira, last Tirthankar of Jainism is born Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Events and trends 579 BC — Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome. Events and trends 568 BC — Amtalqa succeeds his brother Aspelta as king of Kush. Events and trends Carthage conquers Sicily, Sardinia and Corsica. Events and trends 546 BC — Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys Events and trends 539 BC — Babylon is conquered by Cyrus, defeating Nabonidus; noted in such documents as that of Africanus Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. Events and trends 519 BC — Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. Births 496 BC — Sophocles, Athenian Dramatist and Statesman c Births 484 BC — Herodotus, Greek Historian 484 BC — Achaeus of Eretria, a Greek Events and trends 479 BC — The Battle of Plataea, the Greeks defeat the Persians, ending the Persian Wars. Events and trends 468 BC — Sophocles, Greek Playwright, defeats Aeschylus for the Athenian Prize. Events and trends 459 BC — Destruction of the Sicilian town of Morgantina by Douketios, leader of the Sikels, according Events and trends 449 BC — Construction begins on the Temple of Hephaestus in Athens. Events and trends 439 BC — Cincinnatus again became dictator of the Roman Republic, during which he defeated the Volsci Events and trends Peloponnesian War 429 BC — Battle of Chalcis — Chalcidians and their allies defeat Athens Events and trends Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta Births Deaths The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. Deaths Socrates 399 BC Events and trends Births Aristotle (384–322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato, and Events and trends Births Deaths Democritus, Greek scholar philosopher Events and trends Births King Tantalus of Persia Deaths Events and trends Births July 21, 356 BC — Alexander the Great, Macedonian king In 340 BC Philip II of Macedon led an attack on Byzantium, leaving Alexander, now aged 16 to act as regent of Macedon. Events and trends Alexander the Great leads the army of Macedon in a successful campaign to conquer the Persian Empire. Events and trends Following the death of Alexander the Great, his empire disintegrates as his generals fight each other for control in a war that lasts for decades Events and trends 312 BC — First aqueduct began to be built The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC Events and trends Births Deaths Events and trends Births Deaths Events and trends Gauls first settle in Galatia End of the city of Babylon Pyrrhic War between Epirus Events and trends Onset of the First Punic War ( 264 BC) Births Deaths Events and trends Births Deaths Events and trends Births Deaths Events and trends The Mauryan Empire reaches its peak Buddhism flourishes in India. Events and trends Qin Shi Huang, the king of Qin, unifies the warring states of China into a unified state in 221 BC. Events and trends The Second Punic War began when Hannibal conquered Saguntum, then led an army through southern Gaul and across The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. Events and trends For Ptolemy V of Egypt the priests erected the "Decree of Memphis (Ptolemy V" the named Rosetta Stone. Events and trends Births Deaths Events and trends Births Deaths The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. Events and trends Births 99 BC — Lucretius, Latin philosopher and poet Events and trends In the Roman Republic, the contest for power intensifies Events and trends Spartacus leads a slave revolt against Rome. Events and trends Philip II Philoromaeus briefly reign over parts of Syria Events and trends First Triumvirate: a secret pact for mutual advantage between Roman politicians Julius Caesar, Pompey and Events and trends Civil war in Roman Republic between Julius Caesar and forces of the Roman Senate ( 49 - 45 BC) Events and trends Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII of Egypt at the Battle of Actium ( September 2, Events and trends The Pax Romana ( 27 BC – 180) begins for the Roman Empire. The Holocene is a Geological epoch which began approximately 10000 years ago (about 8000 BC The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period The Holocene is a Geological epoch which began approximately 10000 years ago (about 8000 BC The Blytt-Sernander classification or sequence is a series of north European climatic periods or phases based on the study of Danish Peat bogs by Axel In the 8th millennium BC, Agriculture becomes widely practiced in the Fertile Crescent and Anatolia. In Paleoclimatology of the Holocene, the Boreal was the first of the Blytt-Sernander sequence of North European climatic phases that were originally During the 7th millennium BC, Agriculture spreads from Anatolia to the Balkans. The Atlantic in palaeoclimatology was the warmest and most moist Blytt-Sernander period Pollen zone and chronozone of Holocene north Europe. During the 6th millennium BC, Agriculture spreads from the Balkans to Italy and Eastern Europe and from Mesopotamia to Egypt. The 4th millennium BC saw major changes in human culture It marks the beginning of the Bronze Age and of Writing. The Blytt-Sernander classification or sequence is a series of north European climatic periods or phases based on the study of Danish Peat bogs by Axel The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence 5 ka) and Subatlantic (2. The Blytt-Sernander classification or sequence is a series of north European climatic periods or phases based on the study of Danish Peat bogs by Axel 5 ka - present). Anthropocene

The term Anthropocene is used by some scientists to describe the most recent period in the Earth 's history

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