 USAF MH-53J Pave Low helicopter near the wreckage of the USAF CT-43A approximately 3 kilometres north of the Dubrovnik Airport in Croatia, 4 April 1996. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) | |
| Summary | |
|---|---|
| Date | 3 April 1996 |
| Type | Pilot error, badly designed instrument approach |
| Site | 3km north of Čilipi Airport |
| Passengers | Unknown |
| Crew | Unknown |
| Injuries | 0 |
| Fatalities | 35 |
| Survivors | 0 |
| Aircraft type | Boeing CT-43 (a modified version of the Boeing 737-200) |
| Operator | United States Air Force |
| Tail number | 31149 |
| Flight origin | Zagreb International Airport, Zagreb, Croatia |
| Last stopover | Tuzla International Airport, Tuzla, Bosnia-Herzegovina |
| Destination | Čilipi Airport, Dubrovnik, Croatia |
On April 3, 1996, a U.S. Air Force CT-43 crashed in Croatia while on an official trade mission. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Dubrovnik Airport, also referred to as Čilipi Airport, is the international airport of Dubrovnik, Croatia. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An aircraft registration is a unique Alphanumeric string that identifies an Aircraft, in similar fashion to a licence plate on an automobile Zagreb Airport, also known as Pleso Airport after the nearby suburb of Pleso, is the main international airport of Croatia and also one of the Zagreb (ˈzɑːgrɛb is the Capital and the largest city of Croatia. Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Tuzla International Airport ( Međunarodni Aerodrom Tuzla) is an airport near Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Tuzla is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the time of the 1991 census it had 131000 inhabitants Bosnia and Herzegovina ( Latin script: Bosna i Hercegovina, Cyrillic script: Босна и Херцеговина is a country on the Balkan Dubrovnik Airport, also referred to as Čilipi Airport, is the international airport of Dubrovnik, Croatia. ||-||-||-||-||-||-||} Dubrovnik (ˈdǔbro̞ːʋniːk Dalmatian: Ragusa; Latin: Ragusium, also Rhausium, Rhaugia; Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Croatia (Hrvatska ˈxȓvatska officially the Republic of Croatia ( Republika Hrvatska) is a southern Central European country at the crossroads between The plane, a modified Boeing 737 was carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown and 34 other people, including The New York Times Frankfurt Bureau chief Nathaniel C. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States Secretary of Commerce is the head of the United States Department of Commerce concerned with business and industry the Department states its mission to Ronald Harmon Brown ( August 1, 1941 &ndash April 3, 1996) was the United States Secretary of Commerce, serving during the first Nash. While attempting an instrument approach to Dubrovnik Airport, the airplane crashed into a mountainside killing everyone onboard. An instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP is a type of Air navigation that allows pilots to land an Aircraft in Dubrovnik Airport, also referred to as Čilipi Airport, is the international airport of Dubrovnik, Croatia. TSgt Shelly Kelly initially survived the impact of the crash but died from her wounds hours later in an ambulance. [1].
The aircraft was operated by the 86th Airlift Wing, based at Ramstein Air Base in Germany. The 86th Airlift Wing (86 AW is a United States Air Force wing currently assigned to the United States Air Forces in Europe. Ramstein Air Base is a United States Air Force base in the German state of Rheinland-Pfalz. Unlike civilian B-737s, the military CT-43 version was equipped with neither a flight data recorder nor a cockpit voice recorder. The flight data recorder ( FDR) or Black Box is a Flight recorder used to record specific Aircraft performance parameters A Cockpit Voice Recorder (CVR is a Flight recorder used to record the audio environment in the flightdeck of an aircraft for the purpose of investigation of accidents and incidents [2]
Crash details
The official Air Force accident investigation board report noted several reasons that led to the CT-43, callsign IFO21, to crash. In Broadcasting and Radio communications a call sign (also known as a callsign or call letters, or abbreviated as a call, or otherwise Chief among the findings was a "failure of command, aircrew error and an improperly designed instrument approach procedure". Notably the inclement weather was not deemed a substantial contributing factor in the crash.
The CT-43 used for this flight had formerly been a training aircraft that had been converted to distinguished visitor travel. The flight had been on an IFR NDB approach, which is a non-precision type of instrument approach, to Runway 12 when it strayed off course. A Non-directional beacon ( NDB) is a Radio transmitter at a known location used as an aviation or marine Navigational aid Non-precision approaches are those that do not incorporate vertical guidance. [3] While NDB approaches are essentially obsolete in the U. S. they are still used widely in other parts of the world. Because of their infrequent use in the U. S. many American pilots are not fully proficient in performing them (a NASA survey showed that fully 60% of U. S. transport-rated pilots had not flown an NDB approach in the last year). [2] The investigation board determined that the approach used was not approved for Department of Defense aircraft, and should not have been used by the aircraft crew. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government [4] The board determined that the particular NDB approach used required two operating ADF, the instrument used to fly such an approach, onboard the aircraft, but this aircraft only had one. A radio direction finder ( RDF) is a device for finding the direction to a Radio source One was required to track the outbound course of 119° from the Kolocep NDB (KLP). Another was required to observe when the aircraft had flown beyond the Cavtat NDB (CV) which marked the missed approach point. Further, the board noted that the approach was rushed, with the aircraft flying at 80 knots above the proper final approach speed, and had not received the proper landing clearance from the control tower. [4]
The crash site, on a 2,300 ft (701 m) hill, was 1. 6 miles (2. 6 km) northeast of where the aircraft should have been on the inbound course to the NDB. The published NDB approach brings the inbound aircraft down a valley, and has a minimum descent height of 2,150 feet (655 m) at the missed approach point (where they should have climbed and turned to the right if the runway was not in view), which is below the elevation of the hills to the north. An instrument approach or instrument approach procedure (IAP is a type of Air navigation that allows pilots to land an Aircraft in The runway is at 510 feet (155. 4 m) MSL. Five other aircraft had landed prior to the CT-43 and had not experienced any problems with the navigational aids. There was no emergency call from the pilots, and they did not initiate a missed approach, even though they were beyond the missed approach point. Missed approach is an Instrument flight rules procedure which is a standard (but optional component segment of an Instrument approach. [2]
References
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