The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott of the Moscow Olympics was a part of a package of actions to protest against the December 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan. The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Moscow in the Soviet Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The Soviet war in Afghanistan, also known as the Soviet-Afghan War or just the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan, was a nine-year conflict involving

Background

Though the Games have aimed to be an arena free of politics, the 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan spurred United States President Jimmy Carter to issue an ultimatum that the United States would boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops had not withdrawn from the country by 12:01 A. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of M. Eastern Standard Time on February 20, 1980; the official announcement confirming the boycott was made on March 21. Events 1472 - Orkney and Shetland are left by Norway to Scotland, due to a Dowry payment Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem.

The United States was joined in the boycott by some other populous countries - including Japan, West Germany, China, the Philippines and Canada. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Some of these countries competed at the Olympic Boycott Games at Philadelphia. The Olympic Boycott Games (titled the Liberty Bell Classic) was an event held at the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia in 1980 by 29 Notably, the United Kingdom, France, and Greece supported the boycott but allowed their athletes to participate if they wished (the U. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία S. did not). The United Kingdom and France sent a much smaller delegation of athletes than usual. Nevertheless, the delegation of the United Kingdom was the largest among Western Europe, with 170 athletes applying to compete. ^[1] Spain, Italy, Sweden, Iceland and Finland were other principal nations representing western Europe,^[1] though Italian athletes belonging to military corps did not attend the Games, due to the government's support of the boycott. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The boycott severely affected many events.

At the Opening and Closing Ceremonies, athletes from a number of countries, including Australia, Andorra, Belgium, Denmark, France, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Puerto Rico, San Marino, Spain, and Switzerland, marched under the Olympic Flag, instead of their national flags. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Andorra, officially the Principality of Andorra ( Catalan: Principat d'Andorra) is a small Landlocked country in western The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Olympic symbols are the icons Flags and symbols used by the International Olympic Committee to promote the Olympic Games. Moreover, although the government of New Zealand officially supported the boycott, four athletes from that country competed independently and marched under their NOC's flag ^[2]. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island National Olympic Committees (or NOCs) are the national constituents of the worldwide Olympic movement Altogether, the athletes of 16 countries were not represented by their national flags, and the Olympic Anthem replaced their national anthems at medal ceremonies. The Olympic Hymn ( Greek: Ολυμπιακός Ύμνος also known informally as the Olympic Anthem, is a musical piece A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's As a result, there were a few ceremonies where three Olympic Flags were raised.

Even though only 81 nations participated, more world records were set in Moscow than in 1976 in Montreal. The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Montreal, Quebec

1984 Summer Olympics

The 1984 Summer Olympics took place in Los Angeles, United States of America, with 14 nations missing due to the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics, and several others for other reasons. The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California, United States followed the American-led boycott of the 1980 On May 8, 1984 the Soviet Union issued a statement that the country would boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles due to "chauvinistic sentiments and an anti-Soviet hysteria being whipped up in the United States". Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) ^[3] Thirteen Soviet allies joined the boycott. Iran was the only country which did not participate in either Moscow or Los Angeles.

Non-participating countries

Incomplete map of olympic boycotts, showing 1980 boycotting countries in blue and green

Anti-boycott sticker, published by the Communist Youth Federation of Spain

Sixty-two countries did not participate in the Olympics despite being invited. Communist Youth Federation of Spain (in Spanish: Federación de Jóvenes Comunistas de España) was the youth wing of the Spanish Communist Workers Party While most of these did not go to Moscow because of the boycott, a number adduced economic reasons. Among those not participating were three other different countries, Iran, Mozambique and Qatar, which had not been invited by the International Olympic Committee. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Moçambique or República de Moçambique, ʁɛ'publikɐ d musɐ̃'bik is a country in southeastern Africa Qatar ( قطر; ˈqɑtˁɑr local pronunciation giṭar officially the State of Qatar (Arabic دولة قطر transliterated ^[4]

•  Albania
•  Antigua and Barbuda
•  Argentina
•  Bahamas
•  Bahrain
•  Bangladesh
•  Barbados
•  Belize
•  Bermuda
•  Bolivia
•  Canada
•  Cayman Islands
•  Central African Republic
•  Chad
•  Chile
•  People's Republic of China^{[5] [6]}
•  Côte d'Ivoire
•  Egypt
•  El Salvador
•  Fiji
•  Gabon
•  Gambia
•  West Germany
•  Ghana
•  Haiti
•  Honduras
•  Hong Kong
•  Indonesia
•  Israel
•  Japan
•  Kenya
•  South Korea
•  Liberia
•  Liechtenstein
•  Malawi
•  Malaysia
•  Mauritania
•  Monaco
•  Morocco
•  Netherlands Antilles
•  Niger
•  Norway
•  Pakistan
•  Panama
•  Papua New Guinea
•  Paraguay
•  Philippines
•  Saudi Arabia
•  Singapore
•  Somalia
•  Sudan
•  Swaziland
•  Thailand
•  Togo
•  Tunisia
•  Turkey
•  United Arab Emirates
•  United States
•  Uruguay
•  U.S. Virgin Islands
•  Zaire

National teams that did not participate in the Opening Parade^[4]

• Belgium
• Italy
• Luxembourg
• Netherlands
• San Marino
• France
• Switzerland

National teams paraded by their own officials

• Great Britain
• Ireland

National teams that paraded under the Olympic Flag by their own athletes^[4]

• Australia
• Andorra
• Denmark
• Puerto Rico

National teams that competed under their National Olympic Committee's flag

• Spain
• Portugal
• New Zealand

References