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For other uses, see Nixon in China.
Richard Nixon meets with Mao Zedong in 1972.
Richard Nixon meets with Mao Zedong in 1972. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led
Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai speaking at a banquet
Richard Nixon and Zhou Enlai speaking at a banquet
Pat Nixon in the People's Republic of China
Pat Nixon in the People's Republic of China

The 1972 Nixon visit to China was the first step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China. Zhou Enlai ( (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976 was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from 1949 until his death in January 1976 Thelma Catherine " Pat " Ryan Nixon (March 16 1912 &ndash June 22 1993 was the wife of Richard Nixon, 37th President of the United The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES It also marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC, which considered the United States one of its biggest enemies. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by From February 21 to February 28, 1972, U.S. President Richard Nixon traveled to Beijing, Hangzhou and Shanghai. Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million

Contents

Meeting

The U. S. at the People's Republic of China

In July 1971, U. S. President Nixon's National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger had secretly visited Beijing during a trip to Pakistan, and laid the groundwork for Nixon's visit to China. The Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, commonly referred to as the National Security Adviser (abbreviated NSA, or sometimes ANSA Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German -born American bureaucrat diplomat and 1973 Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Almost as soon as the American president arrived in the Chinese capital he was summoned for a meeting with Chairman Mao who, unknown to the Americans, had almost died nine days earlier but was at that point feeling strong enough to meet Nixon. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led Secretary of State William P. Rogers was excluded from this meeting and the only other American present was National Security Council staffer (and later U.S. Ambassador to China) Winston Lord. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs William Pierce Rogers ( June 23, 1913 &ndash January 2, 2001) was an American politician who served as a Cabinet officer The White House National Security Council ( NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering National The Ambassador to China is the chief American diplomat to China. Winston Lord (born in New York City on August 14, 1937) is a United States diplomat and administrator To avoid embarrassing Rogers, Lord was cropped out of all the official photographs of the meeting. [1]

Nixon held many meetings with Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai during the trip, which included visits to the Great Wall, Hangzhou, and Shanghai. Zhou Enlai ( (5 March 1898 – 8 January 1976 was the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, serving from 1949 until his death in January 1976 The Great Wall of China ( or ( is a series of stone and earthen Fortifications in China, built rebuilt and maintained between the 6th century BC and the 16th ( Postal map spelling: Hangchow) is a Sub-provincial city located in the Yangtze River Delta in the People's Republic of China, Shanghai ( 上[[wikt 海|海]] is the largest city in China in terms of population and one of the largest urban areas in the world with over 20 million At the conclusion of his trip, the United States and the PRC Governments issued the Shanghai Communiqué, a statement of their foreign policy views and a document that was to prove to remain the basis of Sino-American bilateral relations for many years. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Joint Communique of the United States of America and the People's Republic of China, also known as the Shanghai Communiqué (1972 was an important diplomatic document In the communiqué, both nations pledged to work toward the full normalization of diplomatic relations. The U. S. acknowledged the notion that all Chinese on both sides of the Taiwan Strait maintain that there is only one China and that Taiwan is part of China. The Taiwan Strait or Formosa Strait is a 180-km-wide (11185-mile-wide Strait between Mainland China and Taiwan. The One-China policy ( is a principle that there is one China and that Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan are all part of Nixon and the U. S. government reaffirmed their interests in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question agreed by the Chinese themselves. The statement enabled the U. S. and PRC to temporarily set aside the "crucial question obstructing the normalization of relations"[2] concerning the political status of Taiwan and to open trade and other contacts. The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu should remain effectively independent as territory However, the United States continued to maintain official relations with the government of the Republic of China in Taiwan until 1979 when the U. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES S. broke off relations with the Republic of China and established full diplomatic relations with the P. R. C.

Hong Kong and Macau

In March 1972 one of the PRC's first acts was to demand that Hong Kong and Macau be removed from the United Nation's list of the world's remaining colonies. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security [3] According to the PRC, Hong Kong was awaiting "independence" and that China can assert its "sovereign right" over both Hong Kong and Macau. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. It was declaring them to be under foreign occupation. [3] However, the handover was not until 1997 and 1999 respectively some 25+ years later for the official Hong Kong handover and Macau handover. The transfer of sovereignty of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China, often referred to as the Handover The transfer of sovereignty of Macau from the Portuguese Republic to the People's Republic of China (PRC occurred on December 20,

Media and Culture

References

  1. ^ Kissinger Years of Upheaval p. 65
  2. ^ Nixon's China's Visit and "Sino-U.S. Joint Communiqué"
  3. ^ a b Pepper, Suzanne. Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform. [2007] (2007). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 0742508773

Further Reading

See also

External links

Ping Pong Diplomacy ( refers to the exchange of ping pong players of the United States and People's Republic of China (PRC in the 1970s Nixon in China (1985-87 is an Opera with music by the American composer John Adams and a Libretto by Alice Goodman, about the The phrase "Nixon in China" or "Nixon goes to China" is a historical reference to United States President Richard Nixon
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