| ««« 1965 1964 1963 1962 1961 |
|
»»» 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 |
||||||
|
||||||||
Contents |
Events
- February 13 - The Bishop of Clonfert protests over the content of The Late Late Show. Events January 14 - An Taoiseach Seán Lemass travels to Belfast for an historic meeting with the Prime Minister of Northern Events January 3 – Princess Margaret and Lord Snowdon arrive in Ireland for a seven-day visit Events January 17 - Thomas Johnson, first parliamentary leader of the Irish Labour Party, dies aged 91 Events March 13 - Irish artists leave Dublin Airport for the Congo to entertain United Nations troops there See also 1960 in Ireland, other events of 1961, 1962 in Ireland ---- Events January 6 - Lieutenant-General Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Events 9 January - Demonstrations by the National Farmers' Association cause major chaos as farm machinery blocks many roads Events January 8 - An Taoiseach Jack Lynch and Northern Ireland Prime Minister Terence O'Neill meet for talks in Events January 1 - The People's Democracy Civil rights march leaves Belfast for Derry. Events January - March January 10 - Huge anti- Apartheid demonstrations take place as Ireland play South Africa Events April 3 - the Eurovision Song Contest is held in Dublin. Events 8 March - Nelson's Pillar in O'Connell Street is blown up to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising. Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. This is a list of years in Ireland. See also the Timeline of Irish history. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed The Late Late Show is the world's longest-running Chat show and officially the flagship television programme of Irish broadcasting company The bishop took exception when a woman told the host Gay Byrne that she didn't wear a nightie on her wedding night. This article is about the Irish television presenter See Gabriel Byrne for the Irish actor
- March 6 - A memorial is to be opened at Kilmichael, County Cork to commemorate the 1920 ambush there. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of County Cork (Contae Chorcaí is the most southerly and the largest of the modern counties of Ireland. The Kilmichael Ambush (Luíochán Chill Mhichíl on November 28 1920 was a turning point in the Irish War of Independence.
- March 8 - Nelson's Pillar in O'Connell Street is blown up to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising. Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. The Nelson Pillar (Colún Nelson known generally in Dublin as Nelson's Pillar or simply The Pillar, was a large granite pillar topped by a statue of Horatio The Easter Rising (Éirí Amach na Cásca was a rebellion staged in Ireland in Easter Week, 1916
- March 31 - The Tricolour flag flown over the GPO in 1916 is handed back by the British to An Taoiseach Seán Lemass in London. Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor A tricolour or tricolor (three colours is a Flag or Banner more-or-less equally divided (horizontally vertically or less frequently diagonally The General Post Office (GPO (Ard-Oifig an Phoist in Dublin is the headquarters of the Irish postal service An Post, and Dublin's principal post Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Taoiseach (ˈtiːʃəx in English t̪ˠiːʃʲəx (plural Taoisigh ( or) in Irish) also referred to as An Taoiseach ( t̪ˠiːʃʲəx is the the Seán Francis Lemass (15 July 1899 &ndash 11 May 1971 was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and third Taoiseach of Ireland from 1959 until 1966 London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
- April 10 - Celebrations take place to mark the 50th anniversary of the Easter Rising. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama The Easter Rising (Éirí Amach na Cásca was a rebellion staged in Ireland in Easter Week, 1916 Nine hundred 1916 survivors hear the reading of the Proclamation. The Easter Rising (Éirí Amach na Cásca was a rebellion staged in Ireland in Easter Week, 1916 President de Valera takes the salute at a military parade. Éamon de Valera (ˈeɪmən dɛvəˈlɛrə (born Edward George de Valera) (14 October 1882 &ndash 29 August 1975 was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century
- April 11 - President de Valera opens the Garden of Remembrance in Dublin's Parnell Square. Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Éamon de Valera (ˈeɪmən dɛvəˈlɛrə (born Edward George de Valera) (14 October 1882 &ndash 29 August 1975 was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Dublin (ˈdʌblɨn/ /ˈdʊblɨn or /ˈdʊbəlɪn/, bˠalʲə aːha klʲiəh or cliə(ɸ is both the largest city and capital of Ireland.
- April 17 - In Belfast the Easter Rising is commemorated by large republican parades. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. The Easter Rising (Éirí Amach na Cásca was a rebellion staged in Ireland in Easter Week, 1916 Irish republicanism (Poblachtánachas is an ideology based on the Irish nationalist belief that all of Ireland should be a single independent Republic
- June 2 - Éamon de Valera is re-elected President of Ireland. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Éamon de Valera (ˈeɪmən dɛvəˈlɛrə (born Edward George de Valera) (14 October 1882 &ndash 29 August 1975 was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century The President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Head of state of Ireland. He defeats Tom O'Higgins by 10,500, less than 1% of the vote. Tom Francis O'Higgins, Jnr (Tomás Ó hUiginn 23 July 1916 &ndash 25 February 2003 was an Irish Fine Gael politician a Barrister, and a Judge
- June 25 - President de Valera is inaugurated for a second term. Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Éamon de Valera (ˈeɪmən dɛvəˈlɛrə (born Edward George de Valera) (14 October 1882 &ndash 29 August 1975 was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century
- July 7 - The Minister for Education, Donagh O'Malley, announces details of his free secondary education scheme. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death The Minister for Education and Science (An Aire Oideachais agus Eolaíochta is the senior minister at the Department of Education and Science in the Government
- July 18 - Exactly fifteen years after being burned down the new Abbey Theatre opens. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, The Abbey Theatre (Amharclann na Mainistreach also known as the National Theatre of Ireland (Amharclann Náisiúnta na hÉireann is a Theatre located in Dublin
- October 21 - An anti-apartheid demonstration takes place outside the National stadium as the South African Amateur Boxing Team visit. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
- November 8 - Tributes are paid to Seán Lemass who announces his resignation as Taoiseach. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Seán Francis Lemass (15 July 1899 &ndash 11 May 1971 was an Irish Fianna Fáil politician and third Taoiseach of Ireland from 1959 until 1966 The Taoiseach (ˈtiːʃəx in English t̪ˠiːʃʲəx (plural Taoisigh ( or) in Irish) also referred to as An Taoiseach ( t̪ˠiːʃʲəx is the the
- November 10 - The new Taoiseach, Jack Lynch, and his ministers receive their seals of office from President de Valera at Áras an Uachtaráin. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw The Taoiseach (ˈtiːʃəx in English t̪ˠiːʃʲəx (plural Taoisigh ( or) in Irish) also referred to as An Taoiseach ( t̪ˠiːʃʲəx is the the John Mary "Jack" Lynch ( Irish: Seán Ó Loinsigh; 15 August 1917 &ndash 20 October 1999 was the fourth Taoiseach of Ireland, Éamon de Valera (ˈeɪmən dɛvəˈlɛrə (born Edward George de Valera) (14 October 1882 &ndash 29 August 1975 was one of the dominant political figures in 20th century Áras an Uachtaráin, formerly the Viceregal Lodge, is the official residence of the President of Ireland.
- November 25 - The body of Seán T. O'Kelly, Second President of Ireland, lies in state at the Pro-Cathedral. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Seán Thomas O'Kelly (Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh 25 August 1882–23 November 1966 was the second President of Ireland (1945–1959 The President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Head of state of Ireland.
Full date unknown
- Foundation of Allied Irish Banks Limited (later Allied Irish Banks PLC). Allied Irish Banks plc ( AIB; Irish: Bainc-Aontas Éireann;,,,) is a major Commercial bank based in Ireland not to be mistaken AIB acquired three Irish banks The Munster & Leinster Bank Limited, The Provincial Bank of Ireland Limited and The Royal Bank of Ireland Limited.
Arts and literature
Seamus Heaney - Published first book Death of a Naturalist
Sports
Births
- 8 February - Seán McCarthy, Cork hurler. Death of a Naturalist ( 1966) is a collection of poems written by Irish Nobel laureate Seamus Heaney. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Seán McCarthy (born 8 February, 1966) is former Irish sportsperson For more details of Cork GAA see Cork Senior Football Championship or Cork Senior Hurling Championship.
- 12 April - Jim Duffy, historian and political commentator. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Jim Duffy (born 12 April 1966) is an Irish historian political commentator and a policy advisor to the Irish leader of the Opposition Fine Gael
- 23 April - Jim Stynes, Australian rules football player. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Jim Stynes OAM (born 23 April 1966 is a well known Irish Australian who came to fame as a Gaelic footballer who converted to Australian rules football Australian (rules football, or simply known as football, footy or Aussie rules, is a Team sport played between two teams of 18 players
- 15 May - Orla Guerin, television journalist. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Orla Guerin (born 15 May 1966 in Dublin, Ireland) is the BBC Africa correspondent based in Johannesburg.
- 9 June - Beverley Flynn, Fianna Fáil TD for Mayo. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Beverley Flynn (born 9 June 1966 is an Irish Fianna Fáil politician representing the constituency of Mayo. Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party (Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach shortened to Fianna Fáil ( is currently the largest Political party in the A Teachta Dála (ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Oireachtas (Parliament of the Republic of Ireland. Mayo is a Constituency represented in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Dublin parliament or Oireachtas.
- 22 August - Alain Rolland, former rugby player, international referee. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. Alain Colm Pierre Rolland (born 22 August 1966 in Dublin) is a former Irish Rugby union footballer and current international referee
- 6 October - Niall Quinn, former International footballer. Events 105 BC - Battle of Arausio: The Cimbri inflict the heaviest defeat on the Roman army of Gnaeus Mallius Maximus Niall John Quinn ( Irish name: Niall Seán Ó Cuinn) (Honorary MBE (b
- 8 October - Mick Galwey, Gaelic footballer, rugby player. Events 314 - Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses Michael Joseph "Mick" Galwey (b 8 October 1966, Currow near Castleisland, County Kerry, Republic of Ireland) won
- 11 November - Alison Doody, actress. Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Alison Doody (born November 11, 1966) is an Irish Actress and model.
- 7 December - Leo Turley, former Laois Gaelic footballer. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Leo Turley (born 7th December 1966 is a former Gaelic football player from County Laois in Ireland The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA (Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Laois or Laois GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in
- 8 December - Sinéad O'Connor, singer and song writer. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Sinéad Marie Bernadette O'Connor (ʃɪˈneɪd oʊˈkɒnɚ (born 8 December 1966 is a Grammy Award winning Irish singer and songwriter
- 10 December - Colm Ó Maonlaí, actor and musician. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Colm Ó Maonlaí (born December 10, 1966) is an Irish born actor and musician who has featured in such soap operas as EastEnders
- 16 December - Paul McGinley, golfer. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Amateur wins (4 1988 Irish Youths Championship Scottish Youths Championship 1989 Irish Amateur Championship 1991 South of Ireland Championship
Full date unknown
- John Commins, Galway hurler. John Commins (born 1966 is a former Irish sportsperson He played senior Hurling with Galway from 1986 until 1990 The Galway County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Chontae na Gaillimhe or Galway GAA is one of the 32 county boards
- Rachel Joynt, sculptor. Rachel Joynt (Born 1966 in County Kerry) is an Irish sculptor who has created some prominent Irish Public art.
- Donal MacIntyre, investigative journalist. Donal MacIntyre (born 1966 in Dublin) is an Irish investigative Journalist, specialising in hard hitting investigations undercover operations
- John Power, former Kilkenny hurler. John Power (born 1966) is a former Irish sportsperson who played Hurling with Kilkenny from 1986 to 2002 The Kilkenny County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( Kilkenny GAA) (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Cill Channaigh is one of the 32 county boards
- Liam Simpson, former Kilkenny hurler. Liam Simpson (born 1966) is a former Irish sportsperson He played Hurling with his local club Bennettsbridge and with the Kilkenny The Kilkenny County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( Kilkenny GAA) (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Cill Channaigh is one of the 32 county boards
Deaths
- 1 March - Joseph McGrath, Sinn Féin and later Cumann na nGaedhael TD, racehorse owner and breeder (b. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Joseph McGrath (1887 &ndash 1 March 1966 was an Irish politician Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 Cumann na nGaedhael (ˈkʊmən nə ˈŋɰeːɫ "Society of the Gaels" sometimes spelt Cumann na nGaedheal, was an Irish language name given A Teachta Dála (ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Oireachtas (Parliament of the Republic of Ireland. 1887). Events 29 January The Dublin newspaper known as The Union is founded
- 10 March - Frank O'Connor, short story writer and memoirist (b. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Frank O’Connor (born Michael Francis O'Connor O'Donovan) (17 September 1903 – 10 March 1966 was an Irish author of over 150 works who was best known for his 1903). Events 3 January - The Norwegian ship Remittent is towed into quarantine in Queenstown ( Cóbh)
- 28 March - Patrick McCartan, Sinn Féin MP and TD, member of 1st Dáil, a founder member of Clann na Poblachta (b. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Dr Patrick McCartan (13 March 1878 – 28 March 1966 was an Irish republican and politician Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 Election result (Ireland only Members by constituency The list is given in alphabetical order by constituency of the MPs who agreed to be members of the First Clann na Poblachta n̪ˠə pʷɔbʷłəxt̪ˠə (Family of the Republic was an Irish republican political party founded by former Irish Republican Army Chief of 1878). Events August - The narrow gauge Ballymena and Larne Railway starts passenger operations in County Antrim, the first on the Irish
- 1 April - Brian O'Nolan, satirist and humorist (b. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Brian O'Nolan (Brian Ó Nualláin (5 October 1911 – 1 April 1966 was an Irish novelist and satirist best known for his novels An Béal Bocht, At 1911). Events 5 January - Protestant church leaders condemn the Ne Temere Papal decree on mixed marriages
- 29 April - Tom Hales, Irish Republican Army volunteer, fought in Anglo-Irish War and Irish Civil War (b. Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Thomas "Tom" Hales (5 March 1892 – 29 April 1966 was an IRA volunteer from West Cork The Irish Republican Army ( IRA) (Óglaigh na hÉireann was a military organisation descended from the Irish Volunteers, established 25 November 1913 and who Volunteer, often abbreviated Vol, is a term used by a number of Irish republican Paramilitary organisations to describe their members The Irish War of Independence (or Tan War, or Anglo-Irish War, Irish: Cogadh na Saoirse) from January 1919 to July 1921 was a guerrilla The Irish Civil War ( June 28 1922 &ndash May 24 1923) pitted supporters of the Anglo-Irish Treaty against its opponents 1892). Events June - Ulster Unionists hold a huge convention in Belfast at which they solemnly swear that “We will not have Home Rule”
- 23 May - Jacko Heaslip, cricketer (b. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne John Ganly "Jacko" Heaslip (born 26 November 1899 in Dublin, Ireland; died 23 May 1966 in Twickenham 1899). Events 6 September - The foundation stone of St Anne’s Cathedral Belfast is laid by the Countess of Shaftesbury.
- 3 June - Finian Lynch, Sinn Féin MP and TD, member of 1st Dáil, Cabinet Minister, Cumann na nGaedhael and Fine Gael TD (b. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Finian Lynch (Fionán Ó Loingsigh 1889 &ndash 1966 was a senior Irish Cumann na nGaedhael and Fine Gael politician Sinn Féin () is a political party in Ireland. The current party led by Gerry Adams was formed following a split in January 1970 A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. A Teachta Dála (ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Oireachtas (Parliament of the Republic of Ireland. Election result (Ireland only Members by constituency The list is given in alphabetical order by constituency of the MPs who agreed to be members of the First Cumann na nGaedhael (ˈkʊmən nə ˈŋɰeːɫ "Society of the Gaels" sometimes spelt Cumann na nGaedheal, was an Irish language name given Fine Gael – The United Ireland Party, shortened to Fine Gael (ˌfina gail meaning Family of the Irish or Tribe of the Irish, is the second largest A Teachta Dála (ˈtʲaxtə ˈdɑːlə is a member of Dáil Éireann, the lower chamber of the Oireachtas (Parliament of the Republic of Ireland. 1889). Events June – Edward Carson becomes the youngest QC in Ireland (aged 35
- 7 June - James Hickey, Labour politician and Lord Mayor of Cork. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins James Hickey (died 7 June 1966 was an Irish Labour Party politician who joined the short-lived breakaway National Labour Party. The Lord Mayor of Cork is the symbolic head of the local government in the city of Cork in the Republic of Ireland.
- 12 August - Mike McTigue, boxer, light heavyweight champion of the world from 1923-1925 (b. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid "Bold" Mike McTigue (born in Kilnamona, County Clare, Ireland on November 26 1892 &ndash died August 12 In boxing the light heavyweight (above 168 pounds up to 175 pounds division is the weight division between Cruiserweight and Super middleweight. 1892). Events June - Ulster Unionists hold a huge convention in Belfast at which they solemnly swear that “We will not have Home Rule”
- 23 November - Seán T. O'Kelly, founding member of Fianna Fáil, Cabinet Minister and second President of Ireland (b. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Seán Thomas O'Kelly (Seán Tomás Ó Ceallaigh 25 August 1882–23 November 1966 was the second President of Ireland (1945–1959 Fianna Fáil – The Republican Party (Fianna Fáil – An Páirtí Poblachtánach shortened to Fianna Fáil ( is currently the largest Political party in the The President of Ireland (Uachtarán na hÉireann n̪ˠə ˈheːɾʲən̪ˠ is the Head of state of Ireland. 1882). Events 6 May - Phoenix Park Murders Arts and literature Sport Football International
- 14 December - Peter Galligan, merchant, member of 1st Dáil representing Cavan West. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Peter Paul Galligan (20 June 1888 – 14 December 1966 was an Irish Sinn Féin politician Election result (Ireland only Members by constituency The list is given in alphabetical order by constituency of the MPs who agreed to be members of the First West Cavan was a former UK Parliament constituency in Ireland returning one Member of Parliament 1885-1922
- 25 December - Thomas Harvey, cricketer and rugby player (b. Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian (Thomas Arnold Harvey (born 17 April 1878 in Dublin, Ireland; died 25 December 1966 in Dublin was 1878). Events August - The narrow gauge Ballymena and Larne Railway starts passenger operations in County Antrim, the first on the Irish
Full date unknown
- Sydney Sparkes Orr, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tasmania (b. Sydney Sparkes Orr was Professor of Philosophy at the University of Tasmania and the centre of the "Orr case" a celebrated academic scandal of the 1950s Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The University of Tasmania (also abbreviated as UTAS UTas or Tas Uni is an Australian University, with three campuses in Tasmania. 1914). Events 17 January - Edward Carson inspects a parade of the East Belfast Regiment of the Ulster Volunteer Force.
- Sim Walton, Kilkenny hurler (b. Sim Walton (1880-1966 was a famous Irish sportsperson He played Hurling with his local club Tullaroan and with the Kilkenny senior inter-county The Kilkenny County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( Kilkenny GAA) (Cumann Lúthchleas Gael Coiste Cill Channaigh is one of the 32 county boards 1880). Events 2 February - Charles Stewart Parnell addresses the United States Congress.
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic