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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries: 17th century · 18th century · 19th century
Decades: 1700s 1710s 1720s 1730s 1740s
1750s 1760s 1770s 1780s 1790s
Categories: Births – Deaths
Establishments – Disestablishments

The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini era numbering system. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum The second millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1001, and ended on December 31, 2000. A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and Trends The Golden Age of Piracy (1700-1730 was rife in the Caribbean influencing trade in the world's main centres Events and trends Manufacture of the earliest surviving Pianos World leaders Louis XV King of France Events and trends The Great Awakening - A Protestant religious movement active in the British colonies of North America Events and trends Frederick II ascends the throne of Prussia, upon the death of his father " Frederick William I of Prussia " Events and Trends Scientific Navigation is developed The Seven Years' War ( 1756 - 1763) fought between two rival alliances Events and Trends King George III ascends the British throne in 1760. Events and trends For more events see 18th century United States Declaration of Independence ratified by the Continental Congress Events and trends 1783 First manned Hot air balloon invented in France. Events and trends French Revolution ( 1789 - 1799) It is considered to have effectively ended on November 9, 1799 when Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today

Historians sometimes specifically define the 18th century otherwise for the purposes of their work. A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e For example the "short" 18th century may be defined as 1715-1789, denoting the period of time between the death of Louis XIV of France and the start of the French Revolution,[1][2] while the "long" 18th century may run from the Glorious Revolution of 1688 to the battle of Waterloo in 1815[3] or even later. Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union In the Battle of Waterloo (Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo Belgium Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year [4]

Emanuel Leutze's stylized depiction of Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851) is an iconic image of heroic action by Washington.
Emanuel Leutze's stylized depiction of Washington Crossing the Delaware (1851) is an iconic image of heroic action by Washington. Emanuel Gottlieb Leutze ( May 24, 1816 &ndash July 18, 1868) was a German American history painter best-known for Washington Crossing the Delaware is an 1851 oil-on-canvas Painting by German American Artist Emanuel Leutze.
The storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789, an iconic event of the French Revolution.
The storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789, an iconic event of the French Revolution. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Year 1789 ( MDCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The French Revolution (1789–1799 was a period of political and social upheaval in the History of France, during which the French governmental structure previously an

Contents

Events

1700s

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general
John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, English general

1710s

1720s

1730s

Qianlong Emperor
Qianlong Emperor

1740s

1750s

Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia.
Frederick II the Great, King of Prussia. Frederick II (Friedrich II January 24 1712 August 17 1786) was a King of Prussia (1740&ndash1786 from the

1760s

1770s

Scottish engineer and inventor James Watt.
Scottish engineer and inventor James Watt. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776 was an English Clockmaker. Larcum Kendall ( 21 September 1721 in Charlbury, Oxfordshire to 22 November 1795 in London) was a British Watchmaker A marine chronometer is a timekeeper precise enough to be used as a portable Time standard; it can therefore be used to determine Longitude by means of Celestial Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The First Anglo-Maratha War was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Xhosa Wars, also known as the Kaffir Wars or Cape Frontier Wars, were a series of nine wars between the amaXhosa people and European settlers Boer (ˈbuːr in Dutch ˈbʊɚ/ /boʊɚ or /ˈbɔr/ in English is the Dutch word for Farmer which came to denote the descendants of the proto Afrikaans See also Xhosa language The Xhosa (ǁʰɔsɑ( people are speakers of Bantu languages living in south-east South Africa, and in the last two This article is about the former country in Africa For the present-day country see South Africa; for the region where both are located see Southern Africa The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. This is a list of Inventors. See also List of scientists, Timeline of invention, List of inventions named after people, List James Watt ( 19 January 1736 &ndash 25 August 1819 Boulton proved to be an excellent businessman and both men eventually made fortunes

1780s

1790s

Significant people

See also: Founding Fathers of the United States
Queen Anne
Queen Anne
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
Peter the Great
Peter the Great
Paul Revere by John Singleton Copley
Paul Revere by John Singleton Copley
George Washington
George Washington

Show business and Theatre

See also: Theatre Royal, Drury Lane and Haymarket Theatre

Musicians, composers

Main articles: List of Classical era composers and List of Baroque composers
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin

Visual artists, painters, sculptors, printmakers

Main articles: History of painting, Rococo, and Neoclassicism

Writers, poets

Samuel Johnson
Samuel Johnson
Voltaire
Voltaire

Scientists and philosophers

Edward Jenner
Edward Jenner
Emanuel Swedenborg
Emanuel Swedenborg

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

Main articles: Timeline of invention#18th century and Timeline_of_scientific_discoveries#18th_century
The Spinning Jenny
The Spinning Jenny

References

The Chinese Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, completed in 1771, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor.
The Chinese Putuo Zongcheng Temple of Chengde, completed in 1771, during the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The spinning jenny is a multi- Spool Spinning wheel. It was invented circa 1764 by James Hargreaves in Stanhill, near Blackburn James Hargreaves (also known as James Hargraves) (1720 – 22 April 1778) was a weaver, Carpenter and an Inventor in Lancashire The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Year 1765 ( MDCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a James Watt ( 19 January 1736 &ndash 25 August 1819 Boulton proved to be an excellent businessman and both men eventually made fortunes Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 Year 1761 ( MDCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Longitude (ˈlɒndʒɪˌtjuːd or ˈlɒŋgɪˌtjuːd symbolized by the Greek character Lambda (λ is the east-west Geographic coordinate measurement A marine chronometer is a timekeeper precise enough to be used as a portable Time standard; it can therefore be used to determine Longitude by means of Celestial John Harrison (24 March 1693 – 24 March 1776 was an English Clockmaker. Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Captain James Cook FRS RN ( – 14 February 1779) was an English Explorer, Navigator and The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20000 to 30000 Islands (the exact number has yet to be precisely determined Year 1771 ( MDCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Putuo Zongcheng Temple ( of Chengde, Hebei province China is a Qing Dynasty era Buddhist temple complex built between 1767 and Chengde ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China The Siku Quanshu, variously translated as the Imperial Collection of Four, Emperor's Four Treasuries, Complete Library in Four Branches of Literature Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations is the Magnum opus of the Scottish economist Adam Smith. Adam Smith ( baptised 16 June 1723 – 17 July 1790) was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of Political economy. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy. Jan Ingenhousz or Ingen-Housz ( December 8, 1730, Breda - September 7, 1799) was Dutch Physiologist The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Edward Jenner, FRS, ( May 17 1749 – January 26 1823) was an English scientist who studied his natural surroundings in Berkeley Smallpox is an Infectious disease unique to humans caused by either of two virus variants named Variola major and Variola minor. Vaccination is the administration of Antigenic material (the Vaccine) to produce immunity to a disease Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Rosetta Stone is an Ancient Egyptian artifact (حجر رشيد in Arabic which was instrumental in advancing modern understanding of hieroglyphic writing Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Putuo Zongcheng Temple ( of Chengde, Hebei province China is a Qing Dynasty era Buddhist temple complex built between 1767 and Chengde ( is a Prefecture-level city in Hebei province People's Republic of China, situated northeast of Beijing. Emperor Qianlong (Chinese 乾隆 Qiánlóng, Wade-Giles' Ch'ien-Lung', Mongolian Tengeriig Tetgesen Khaan, born Hongli (弘历 September
  1. ^ Anderson, M. S. (1979). Historians and the Eighteenth-Century Europe, 1715–1789. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198225482.  
  2. ^ Ribeiro, Aileen (2002). Dress in Eighteenth-Century Europe 1715-1789 (revised edition). Yale University Press. ISBN 0300091516.  
  3. ^ Marshall, P. J. (Editor) (2001). The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century (Oxford History of the British Empire). Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 0199246777.  , "Introduction" by P. J. Marshall, page 1
  4. ^ O'Gorman, Frank (1997). The Long Eighteenth Century: British Political and Social History 1688-1832 (The Arnold History of Britain Series). A Hodder Arnold Publication. ISBN 0340567511.  
  5. ^ War of the Spanish Succession, 1701-1714
  6. ^ The history of Scotland - The Act of Union 1707
  7. ^ Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to History
  8. ^ Usman dan Fodio (Fulani leader)
  9. ^ List of Wars of the Crimean Tatars
  10. ^ Len Milich: Anthropogenic Desertification vs ‘Natural’ Climate Trends
  11. ^ Saudi Arabia - The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam
  12. ^ Sufism in the Caucasus
  13. ^ Yellow Fever Attacks Philadelphia, 1793. EyeWitness to History. Retrieved on 2007-06-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom.
  14. ^ Kamehameha I of Hawaii Biography
  15. ^ Riedel S (2005). "Edward Jenner and the history of smallpox and vaccination". Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent) 18 (1): 21–5. PMID 16200144.  
  16. ^ a b Porter, Roy (Editor) (2003). The Cambridge History of Science, Volume 4: The Eighteenth Century (The Cambridge History of Science). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521572436.  , "The Philosopher's Beard: Women and Gender in Science" by Londra Schiebinger, pages 184-210

Decades and years

>d • e
Centuries and millennia
Millennium Century
BC
4th 40th 39th 38th 37th 36th 35th 34th 33rd 32nd 31st
3rd 30th 29th 28th 27th 26th 25th 24th 23rd 22nd 21st
2nd 20th 19th 18th 17th 16th 15th 14th 13th 12th 11th
1st 10th 9th 8th 7th 6th 5th 4th 3rd 2nd 1st
AD
1st 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th
2nd 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th 19th 20th
3rd 21st 22nd 23rd 24th 25th 26th 27th 28th 29th 30th
4th 31st
A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum The 4th millennium BC saw major changes in human culture It marks the beginning of the Bronze Age and of Writing. Events Start of Naqada culture in Egypt 4000 BC — Early Jomon period begins on the islands of Japan Events The Sweet Track, an ancient Causeway in the Somerset Levels, England, one of the oldest engineered Roads discovered Decades and years Mythology Antediluvian period ( Jewish mythology) September 25, 3760 BC — First Events Beginning of the Early Minoan period on Crete Significant persons Events Civilization of Sumer (? Ggantija, Malta Mnajdra solar temple complex Malta The 35th century BC in the Near East sees the gradual transition from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Cultures c 3400 BC — Sumerian temple record keepers redesign the Stamp seal in the form of a cylinder Events The Great God "Krishna" who is worshiped in all forms as a boy lover warrior brother king teacher son husband etc Events c 3150 BC — According to the legend Narmer ( First Dynasty) started to rule in Ancient Egypt. Events c 3100 BC — Narmer (Menes unifies Upper and Lower Egypt into one country he rules this new country from Memphis The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC The 29th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2900 BC to 2801 BC The 28th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2800 BC to 2701 BC The 27th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2700 BC to 2601 BC The 26th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2600 BC to 2501 BC The 25th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2500 BC to 2401 BC The 24th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2400 BC to 2301 BC The 23rd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2300 BC to 2201 BC The 22nd century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2200 BC to 2101 BC The 21st century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2100 BC to 2001 BC The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age. The 20th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 2000 BC to 1901 BC The 19th century BC was the century which lasted from 1900 BC to 1801 BC The 18th century BC was the Century which lasted from 1800 BC to 1701 BC The 17th century BC is a Century which lasted from 1700 BC to 1601 BC The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires The 9th century BC started the first day of 900 BC and ended the last day of 801 BC The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC. The 7th century BC started the first day of 700 BC and ended the last day of 601 BC. The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The 5th century BC started the first day of 500 BC and ended the last day of 401 BC. The 4th century BC started the first day of 400 BC and ended the last day of 301 BC. The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC The 2nd century BC started the first day of 200 BC and ended the last day of 101 BC. The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. The first millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1, and ended on December 31, 1000, of the Julian calendar. The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The second millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1001, and ended on December 31, 2000. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The third millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 2001, and will end on December 31, 3000, of the Gregorian calendar The 21st century is the current century of the Christian Era or Common Era in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. The 22nd century of the Common Era will span the years 2101&ndash2200 of the Gregorian calendar. The 23rd century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2201&ndash2300 of the Gregorian calendar. The 24th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2301&ndash2400 of the Gregorian calendar. The 25th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2401–2500 of the Gregorian calendar. The 26th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2501&ndash2600 of the Gregorian calendar. The 27th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2601&ndash2700 of the Gregorian calendar. The 28th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2701–2800 of the Gregorian calendar. The 29th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2801–2900 of the Gregorian calendar. The 30th century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 2901&ndash3000 of the Gregorian calendar. The 31st century of the Anno Domini ( common) era will span the years 3001&ndash3100 of the Gregorian calendar.
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