Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1830s  1840s  1850s  - 1860s -  1870s  1880s  1890s
Years:	1863 1864 1865 - 1866 - 1867 1868 1869

1866 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -

Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science

Sports - Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia - Canada - Germany - Ireland - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - U. The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular centuries and millennia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that This page indexes the individual Years pages Twenty-first century Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year 1866 in Archaeology Explorations Excavations Publications Finds Awards The year 1866 in architecture involved some significant events Events Works See also Paul Cézanne - Portrait of Louis-Auguste Cézanne Father of the Artist reading l'Evénement ( The year 1866 in literature involved some significant new books Events Ode on the Mammoth Cheese In this year a masterpiece of cheese-making a 7000-pound Canadian behemoth produced in Perth Ontario, and sent to exhibitions Events Sir William Sterndale Bennett becomes Principal of the British Royal Academy of Music. The year 1866 in Science and Technology involved some significant events listed below Athletics (track and field The Amateur Athletic Club becomes the governing body of athletics in the United Kingdom, hosting the first national Events July events July 27 - The Atlantic and Pacific Railroad in the United States is chartered by a special act of See also 1865 in Australia, other events of 1866, 1867 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history. See also 1865 in Canada, other events of 1866, 1867 in Canada and the List of 'years in Canada'. Events 14 October - St Peter's Cathedral Belfast is dedicated although the building is incomplete Incumbents Regal and Vice Regal Head of State - Queen Victoria Governor – Sir George Grey See also 1865 in South Africa, other events of 1866, 1867 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. S. - UK

Leaders:   State leaders - Colonial governors

Category: Establishments - Disestablishments

Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). Incumbents Monarch - Victoria of the United Kingdom Prime Minister - John Russell 1st Earl Russell, Liberal List of state leaders in 1865 - Events of 1866 - List of state leaders in 1867 - State leaders by year ---- Africa Portugal Angola - Francisco Antonio Gonçalves Cardoso, Governor-General of Angola ( 1865 - 1868) Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. This is the Calendar for any common year starting on Monday ( Dominical letter G) The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Saturday ( Dominical letter B) The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita

Contents 1 Events of 1866 1.1 January - March 1.2 April - June 1.3 July - December 1.4 Undated 2 Ongoing 3 Births 3.1 January - June 3.2 July - December 4 Deaths 4.1 January - June 4.2 July - December

Events of 1866

January - March

• January 1 - The last issue of The Liberator is published. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831.
• January 6 - Ottoman troops clash with men of a Maronite leader Karam in St. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Maronites ( الموارنة,, Syriac: ܡܪܘܢܝܐ, Latin: Ecclesia Maronitarum) are members of one of the Syriac Karam is a Bollywood film released in 2005. The film is directed by Sanjay Gupta and stars John Abraham, Priyanka Chopra Doumit in Lebanon: Ottomans are defeated. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية

• January 12 - Royal Aeronautical Society is formed (London). Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Founded in 1866 The Royal Aeronautical Society, also known as the RAeS, is a multidisciplinary professional institution dedicated to the entire global Aerospace London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom.
• February 7 - Battle of Abtao: A Spanish naval squadron fought a combined Peruvian-Chilean fleet, at the island of Abtao in the Chiloé Archipelago of central Chile. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince The Naval Battle of Abtao took place on February 7, 1866, between a Spanish naval squadron and a combined Peruvian Chilean fleet at the Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Chiloé Island ( Spanish: "Isla de Chiloé" also known as' Isla Grande de Chiloé "Greater Island of Chiloé", is the largest island Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the
• February 13 - The first daylight bank robbery in United States history during peacetime takes place in Liberty, Missouri. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Bank robbery is the Crime of robbing a Bank. It is also called a bank heist, especially in the United States. Liberty is a city in Clay County Missouri and is a suburb of Kansas City Missouri. This is considered to be the first robbery committed by Jesse James and his gang, although James's role is disputed. Jesse Woodson James (September 5 1847—April 3 1882 was an American Outlaw in the border state of Missouri and the most famous member of the
• February 26 - The Calaveras Skull is discovered. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed The Calaveras Skull was a Hoax perpetrated by miners in Calaveras County California. Purported to be evidence of humans during the Pliocene Age, it turns out to be a hoax. The Pliocene epoch (spelled Pleiocene in some older texts is the period in the Geologic timescale that extends A hoax is a deliberate attempt to Dupe, Deceive or trick an audience into believing or accepting that something is real when in fact it is not or that
• February 28 - The month concludes without having a full moon. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule

April - June

• April 4 - Alexander II of Russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt in the city of Kiev. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Alexander (Aleksandr II Nikolaevich (Александр II Николаевич ( Moscow, 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 in St Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the A design for a city gate to commemorate his escape was the inspiration for Mussorgsky's The Great Gate of Kiev from Pictures at an Exhibition. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (Моде́ст Петро́вич Му́соргский Modest Petrovič Musorgskij) ( March 21 March 9 1839 &ndash March Pictures at an Exhibition (Картинки с выставки &ndash Воспоминание о Викторе Гартмане Kartinki s vystavki &ndash Vospominaniye
• April 10 - The American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) is founded in New York City by Henry Bergh. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals ( ASPCA) is a Non-profit organization which as the name says is dedicated to preventing cruelty towards Henry Bergh ( August 29, 1811 - March 12, 1888) founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA in April
• May - Student Ferdinand Cohen-Blind fails to assassinate Otto von Bismarck in Unter den Linden in Berlin
• May 2 - Battle of Callao: Peruvian defenders fight the Spanish fleet. Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck Count of Bismarck-Schönhausen Duke of Lauenburg Prince of Bismarck ( April 1, 1815 July 30, 1898) Unter den Linden ("under the linden trees" is a Boulevard in the centre of Berlin, the capital of Germany. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. The Battle of Callao (in Spanish, sometimes called el Combate del Dos de Mayo in South America or Guerra del Pacífico in Spain occurred on Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

• May 11 - London bank Overend, Gurney and Company collapses precipitating a financial crisis. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Overend Gurney & Company was a London wholesale discount Bank, known as "the bankers' bank" which collapsed in 1866 owing about 11 The term financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value
• May 16 - The U.S. Congress approves the minting of a nickel five cent coin (nickel), elimination of its predecessor the half dime would not be completed until 1873 because of pressure from silver mining interests (Walter Breen). Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The United States five- cent Coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of Currency equaling one-twentieth or five hundredths of a The dime is a coin worth Ten cents, or one tenth of a United States dollar.
• May 24 - Battle of Tuyutí - 32. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned The Battle of Tuyutí was a Paraguayan offensive in the War of the Triple Alliance. 000 soldiers of the Triple Alliance defeat 24. The War of the Triple Alliance, also known as the Paraguayan War, and the Great War in Paraguay itself was fought from 1864 to 1870 and caused more deaths than any 000 Paraguayan soldiers few miles north of the Paraná, Argentina - 16. Paraná is the capital city of the Argentine province of Entre Ríos, located on the eastern shore of the Paraná River, opposite the city of 000 casualties.
• June 2 - Fenian forces skirmish with Canadian militia at Ridgeway and Fort Erie
• June 5 - Calculations indicate Pluto reached its most recent aphelion (furthest point from Sun) on this day. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Fianna Éireann The Fenians, both the Fenian Brotherhood and Irish Republican Brotherhood, were fraternal organisations dedicated to the establishment of an independent The Battle of Ridgeway (sometimes referred to as the Battle of Lime Ridge was contested near Ridgeway Canada West, currently Ontario, Canada on June 2 The Battle of Fort Erie was a bloody skirmish immediately following the Battle of Ridgeway on June 2 1866 in Canada West. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem In Celestial mechanics, an apsis, plural apsides (ˈæpsɨdɪːz is the point of greatest or least distance of the Elliptical orbit of an object from The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. The next aphelion will occur in August 2113.
• June 8 - The Canadian Parliament meets for the first time in Ottawa. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality.
• June 11 - Agra High Court established (later shifted to Allahabad High Court. Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. The Allahabad High Court (इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय is a high court having jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh The Allahabad High Court (इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय is a high court having jurisdiction over the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh
• June 14 - Beginning of the Austro-Prussian War, when the Austrians and most of the medium German states declare war on Prussia. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the The Austro-Prussian
• June 20 - The Kingdom of Italy declares war on Austria. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
• June 27-June 29 - The Prussians defeat the Hanoverian army at the Battle of Langensalza. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. The Kingdom of Hanover (Königreich Hannover was established in October of 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian The Battle of Langensalza was fought on June 15 1866 near Bad Langensalza.

July - December

• July 1 - The first Constitution of Romania was issued. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania
• July 3 - At the Battle of Königgratz, the Prussian army under King Wilhelm and Helmuth von Moltke defeats the Austrian army of Lajos Benedek, leading to a decisive Prussian victory in the Austro-Prussian War. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. The Battle of Königgrätz (Schlacht von Königgrätz also known as the Battle of Sadowa, Sadová, or Hradec Králové, was the decisive Battle Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf After the Franco-Prussian War Moltke superintended the preparation of its history which was published between 1874 and 1881 by the great general staff Ludwig August Ritter von Benedek ( 14 July 1804 &ndash 27 April 1881) also known as Lajos Benedek, was an Austrian
• July 5 - Marriage of Princess Helena of the United Kingdom, third daughter of Queen Victoria to Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
• July 20 - At the Naval Battle of Lissa, the Austrian fleet under Wilhelm von Tegetthoff defeats the Italian fleet of Carlo di Persano. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Princess Helena redirects here For her daughter with the same name see Princess Helena Victoria of Schleswig-Holstein. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland For the son of Prince Christian see Prince Christian Victor of Schleswig-Holstein, or see Prince Christian. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold The Battle of Lissa took place on 20 July 1866 in the Adriatic Sea near the island of Vis ( Italian: Lissa and was Wilhelm Freiherr von Tegetthoff ( December 23, 1827 &ndash April 7, 1871) was an Austrian Admiral. Count Carlo Pellion di Persano ( 11 March 1806 - 28 July 1883) was an Italian admiral and politician who was commander of the
• July 24 - Reconstruction: Tennessee becomes the first U.S. state to be readmitted to the Union following the American Civil War. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
• July 25 - The U.S. Congress passes legislation authorizing the rank of General of the Army (now called "5-star general") Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant becomes the first to have this rank. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses General of the Army is a military rank used in some countries to denote a senior military leader usually a General in command of a nation's Army. Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States

• July 27 - The Atlantic Cable is successfully completed, allowing transatlantic telegraph communication for the first time. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. The first transatlantic Telegraph Cable crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Foilhommerum Valentia Island, in western Ireland to
• July 28 - The Metric Act of 1866 becomes law and legalizes the standardization of weights and measures in the United States. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• August 23 - Treaty of Prague ends the Austro-Prussian War
• September - The Great Tea Race of 1866 ends in London, narrowly won by the clipper ship Taeping. Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire The Peace of Prague was a Peace treaty signed at Prague on 23 August, 1866, which ended the Austro-Prussian War. The Austro-Prussian The Great Tea Race of 1866 was an unofficial competition between the fastest Clipper ships of the China Tea trade to bring the season's first crop of A clipper was a very fast Sailing ship of the 19th century that had multiple masts and a Square rig.
• September 22 - Paraguay successfully defends Curupaity against the Triple Alliance, scoring more than 5000 with just about 50 casualties. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only The Battle of Curupayty was a key battle in the War of the Triple Alliance. The War of the Triple Alliance, also known as the Paraguayan War, and the Great War in Paraguay itself was fought from 1864 to 1870 and caused more deaths than any

• October 12 - The Treaty of Vienna ends the war between Austria and Italy. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. According to the Treaty of Vienna signed on October 12 1866, the Austrian Empire ceded Venetia to the French Empire, which in turn Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest It formalizes the annexation of Venetia by Italy.
• October 14 - French troops under the command of Rear Admiral Pierre-Gustave Roze land at Ganghwa Island, Korea as part of a punitive expedition against that kingdom for the execution of French Jesuit priests. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Pierre-Gustave Roze (born in Mimes in 1812 died in Paris in 1882 was a French Admiral and commander of the French Far Eastern Squadron. Ganghwa may refer to Ganghwa County, an administrative region of South Korea Ganghwa Island, an island in South Korea The French campaign against Korea of 1866 is also known as Byeong-in yangyo ( Western disturbance of the byeong-in year) The Society of Jesus ( Latin: Societas Iesu, SJ and SI or SJ, SI) is a Catholic religious order It is the first military contact between Korea and a Western force.
• November 7 - Official opening of the Ruse – Varna railway line: first railway in Bulgaria. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Varna (Варна is the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, third-largest in Bulgaria after Sofia and Plovdiv The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian

Undated

• Federalist revolts occur in Argentina. The term " federalist " describes several political beliefs around the world For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.
• In Sweden the Riksdag of the Estates is replaced by an elected two chamber assembly, the Riksdag. "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled The Riksdag is the official Swedish term of the Parliament of Sweden and the Parliament of Finland (in Finland alongside
• Alfred Nobel invents dynamite in Germany. (21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden – 10 December 1896 Sanremo, Italy) was a Swedish chemist engineer innovator armaments manufacturer Dynamite is an explosive based on the explosive potential of Nitroglycerin, initially using Diatomaceous earth (kieselgur US Spelling kieselguhr Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.

Ongoing

• Caste War of Yucatán (1847-1901)
• French intervention in Mexico (1862-1867)
• New Zealand land wars (1843-1872)
• Snake War (1864-1868)
• War of the Triple Alliance (1864-1870)

Births

1866 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1866 MDCCCLXVI
Ab urbe condita	2619
Armenian calendar	1315 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԵ
Bahá'í calendar	22 – 23
Berber calendar	2816
Buddhist calendar	2410
Burmese calendar	1228
Chinese calendar	4502/4562-11-15 (乙丑年十一月十五日) — to — 4503/4563-11-25 (丙寅年十一月廿五日)
Coptic calendar	1582 – 1583
Ethiopian calendar	1858 – 1859
Hebrew calendar	5626 – 5627
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1921 – 1922
- Shaka Samvat	1788 – 1789
- Kali Yuga	4967 – 4968
Holocene calendar	11866
Iranian calendar	1244 – 1245
Islamic calendar	1282 – 1283
Japanese calendar	Keiō 2 (慶応2年)
Korean calendar	4199
Thai solar calendar	2409
v • d • e

January - June

• January 13 - Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (d. The Caste War of Yucatán (1847&ndash1901 began with the revolt of native Maya people of Yucatán ( Mexico) against the population of European descent The French intervention in Mexico, also known as the Maximilian Affair and The Franco-Mexican War, was an invasion of Mexico by the army of the The New Zealand Wars, sometimes called the Land Wars and also once called the Māori Wars, were a series of conflicts that took place in New Zealand The Snake War was a war fought by the United States of America against the Northern Paiutes in Oregon, Idaho, and California between The War of the Triple Alliance, also known as the Paraguayan War, and the Great War in Paraguay itself was fought from 1864 to 1870 and caused more deaths than any The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Ab Urbe condita (literally "from The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Calendar Events Births Deaths Calendar Events Births Deaths The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. Kali Yuga ( Devanāgarī: sa कलियुग lit "Age of Kali " "age of vice" is one of the four stages of development that the world goes The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays was a after Genji and before Meiji. The period spanned the years from 1865 to 1868. The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Vasily Sergeyevich Kalinnikov ( Василий Сергеевич Калинников) ( &ndash January 11, 1901) was a Russian composer of two 1901)
• January 15 - Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. Year 1901 ( MCMI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Lars Olof Jonathan Söderblom ( 15 January 1866 &ndash 12 July 1931) was a Swedish clergyman Archbishop of Uppsala in The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor 1931)
• January 29 - Romain Rolland, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Romain Rolland ( 29 January 1866 – 30 December 1944) was a French Dramatist, Essayist, Art historian The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred 1944)
• March 30 - George Van Haltren, baseball player (d. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. George Edward Martin Van Haltren ( March 30 1866 - September 29, 1945) was an American Center fielder in Major 1945)
• April 1 - Ferruccio Busoni, Italian pianist and composer (d. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Ferruccio Dante Michelangiolo Benvenuto Busoni (April 1 1866 &ndash July 27 1924 was an Italian Composer, Pianist, musical educator and conductor. 1924)
• April 13 - Butch Cassidy, American outlaw (d. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Butch Cassidy ( 13 April 1866 – circa November 1908 born Robert LeRoy Parker, was a notorious train robber Bank robber 1909)
• April 14 - Anne Sullivan, tutor of Helen Keller (d. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Anne Sullivan Macy, born Johanna Mansfield Sullivan, ( April 14, 1866 &ndash October 20, 1936) was a Teacher best 1936)
• April 17 - Ernest Starling, British physiologist (d. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor. Ernest Henry Starling ( April 17 1866 - May 2 1927) was an English Physiologist. 1927)
• April 24 - Ishii Kikujiro, Japanese diplomat (d. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to Viscount, ( 24 April 1866 - 25 May 1945) was a Japanese diplomat 1945)
• May 5 - Thomas B. Thrige, Danish industrialist (d. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Thomas Barfoed Thrige ( May 5, 1866 – May 9, 1938) was a Danish entrepreneur industrialist and businessman 1938)
• May 17 - Erik Satie, French composer (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Alfred Éric Leslie Satie ( Honfleur, 17 May 1866 – Paris, 1 July 1925) was a French Composer and 1925)
• June 4 - Miina Sillanpää, Finnish politician (d. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. Miina Sillanpää (originally Vilhelmiina Riktig, born 4 June 1866 in Jokioinen - died 3 April 1952 in Helsinki 1952)
• June 26 - George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon, English financier of Egyptian excavations (d. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. George Edward Stanhope Molyneux Herbert 5th Earl of Carnarvon ( June 26, 1866 &ndash April 5, 1923) was an English aristocrat best known 1923)

July - December

• July 6 - Charles Mangin, French general (d. Year 1923 ( MCMXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Charles Marie Emmanuel Mangin ( July 6, 1866, Sarrebourg &ndash May 12, 1925, Paris) was a French General 1925)
• July 13 - La Goulue, French dancer (d. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Louise Weber ( July 13 1866 &ndash January 30, 1929) was a French Can-can dancer who performed under the Stage 1929)
• July 28 - Beatrix Potter, English children's author (d. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. 1943)
• August 12 - Jacinto Benavente, Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Jacinto Benavente y Martínez ( August 12, 1866 – July 14, 1954) was one of the foremost Spanish dramatists of the 20th century The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred 1954)
• September 1 - James J. Corbett, American boxer (d. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. James John "Gentleman Jim" Corbett ( September 1, 1866 in San Francisco California – February 18, 1933 in Bayside 1933)
• September 7 - Tristan Bernard, French writer (d. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. Tristan Bernard ( September 7, 1866 – December 7, 1947) was a French Playwright, Novelist, Journalist and 1947)
• September 10 - Jeppe Aakjaer, Danish poet and novelist (d. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Jeppe Aakjær (born in Aakjær in September 10, 1866 &ndash died in Jenle April 22, 1930) was a Danish poet and 1930)
• September 21
  • Charles Nicolle, French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Charles Jules Henry Nicolle ( September 21, 1866 Rouen - February 28, 1936) was a French Bacteriologist who received The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. 1936)
  • H. G. Wells, English writer (d. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Herbert George Wells (21 September 1866 &ndash 13 August 1946 He was an outspoken socialist and a pacifist, his later works becoming increasingly political 1946)
• September 27 - Eurosia Fabris, Italian Catholic Blessed (d. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Blessed Eurosia Fabris ( September 27, 1866 – January 8, 1932) also known as Mamma Rosa, was best known to Catholics 1932)
• September 25 - Thomas Hunt Morgan, American geneticist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Thomas Hunt Morgan ( September 25, 1866 &ndash December 4, 1945) was an American geneticist and embryologist. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. 1945)
• October 12 - Ramsay MacDonald, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. James Ramsay MacDonald ( 12 October 1866 &ndash 9 November 1937) was a British politician and twice Prime Minister of the United The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom 1937)
• November 12 - Sun Yat-sen, Chinese revolutionary (d. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Sun Yat-sen ( November 12, 1866 &ndash March 12, 1925) was a Chinese Revolutionary and political leader often 1925)
• November 30 - Robert Broom, Scottish paleontologist (d. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Professor Robert Broom ( November 30, 1866, Paisley – April 6, 1951) was 1951)
• December 12 - Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Alfred Werner ( December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a Swiss chemist who was a professor at the University The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. 1919)
• December 16 (December 4 O. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. S. ) - Wassily Kandinsky, Russian-born painter (d. Wassily Kandinsky (Russian Василий Кандинский first name pronounced as) ( – 13 December 1944 was a Russian painter, Printmaker 1944)

Deaths

January - June

• January 23 - Thomas Love Peacock, English satirist (b. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Thomas Love Peacock ( October 18, 1785 - January 23, 1866) was an English satirist and Author. 1785)
• January 31 - Friedrich Rückert, German poet, translator, and professor of Oriental languages (b. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Friedrich Rückert ( May 16, 1788 &ndash January 31, 1866) was a German Poet, Translator and professor of 1788)
• January - Thomas Baldwin Marsh, American religious leader (b. Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Thomas Baldwin Marsh ( November 1, 1799 – January 1866 was an early leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of The Quorum 1799)
• March 4 - Alexander Campbell, Irish/US founder of the Disciples of Christ (b. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Alexander Campbell, or Alec. or Alex Campbell, may refer to Canadian politicians Alexander Campbell (Upper Canada politician (1770-1834 The Christian Church (Disciples of Christ is a Mainline Protestant denomination in North America 1788)
• March 6 - William Whewell, English scientist, philosopher, and historian of science (b. Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of William Whewell ( May 24, 1794 &ndash March 6, 1866) was an English Polymath, Scientist, Anglican Priest 1794)
• March 20 - Rikard Nordraak, Norwegian composer (b. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Rikard Nordraak ( June 12, 1842 &ndash March 20, 1866) was a Norwegian composer born in Christiania ( Oslo) 1842)
• March 21 - Nadezhda Durova, First female Russian officer (b. Year 1842 ( MDCCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Nadezhda Andreyevna Durova (Надежда Андреевна Дурова also known as Alexander Durov, Alexander Sokolov and Alexander Andreevich Alexandrov 1783)
• March 28 - Solomon Foot, American politician (b. Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Solomon Foot (born on November 19, 1802 in Cornwall Vermont - died on March 28, 1866 in Washington D 1802)
• April 4 - William Dick, Founder of Edinburgh Veterinary College (b. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. William Thomas Dick ( 16 January 1865 – 1 July 1932) was an Australian politician 1793)
• April 5 - Thomas Hodgkin, British physician (b. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 456 - St Patrick returns to Ireland as a missionary bishop For the British historian his nephew with the same name see Thomas Hodgkin. 1798)
• May 13 - Nikolai Brashman, Russian mathematician of Czech origin (b. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Nikolai Dmitrievich Brashman ( June 14, 1796 &ndash May 13, 1866) was a Russian Mathematician of Czech origin 1796)
• May 29 - Winfield Scott, American general and presidential candidate (b. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Winfield Scott ( June 13, 1786 &ndash May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general Diplomat, and presidential candidate 1786)
• June 7 - Chief Sealth, Native American whom Seattle is named for (b. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Chief Seattle or Sealth ( Lushootseed: Ts’ial-la-kum; c 1786 – June 7, 1866) also spelled Seathle, Seathl circa 1786)

July - December

• July 20 - Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician (b. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold 1826)
• August 6 - Christian Eric Fahlcrantz, Swedish writer (b. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Christian Eric Fahlcrantz, ( 30 August 1790 - 6 August 1866) Swedish author was born at Stora Tuna in Dalarna 1790)
• August 20 - Maria De Mattias, Catholic saint (b. Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Saint Maria De Mattias ( February 4, 1805 – August 20, 1866) is a Saint from Italy in the Roman Catholic Church 1805)
• October 13 - Celadon Leeds Daboll, American merchant and inventor (b. Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Celadon Leeds Daboll, (born July 18, 1818, Groton Connecticut; died October 13, 1866, New London Connecticut) was a 1818)
• November 11 - Agustin Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte, Prince Imperial of Mexico (b. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Prince Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte ( 30 September 1807, Valladolid Yucatán - 11 November 1866, New York New 1807)
• November 26 - Jean-Jacques Willmar, Luxembourg politician (b. Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Jean-Jacques Madeleine Willmar ( 1792-03-06 - 1866-11-26) was a Luxembourgian Politician and Jurist. 1792)
• December 1 - George Everest, Welsh geodesist (b. Year 1792 ( MDCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Colonel Sir George Everest ( 4 July, 1790 &ndash 1 December, 1866) was a Welsh surveyor, Geographer and 1790)

Year 1790 ( MDCCXC) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

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