| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1830s 1840s 1850s - 1860s - 1870s 1880s 1890s |
| Years: | 1860 1861 1862 - 1863 - 1864 1865 1866 |
| 1863 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
| Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science |
| Sports - Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia - Canada - Germany - Ireland - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - U. The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular centuries and millennia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that This page indexes the individual Years pages Twenty-first century Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1863 in Archaeology Explorations Excavations Publications Finds Winged Victory The year 1863 in architecture involved some significant events Exhibitions First exhibition of the Salon des Refusés, and coining of the term Avant-garde. The year 1863 in literature involved some significant new books Events Works published Births April 29 &mdash Constantine P Cavafy Greek poet Gamaliel Bradford Events Modest Mussorgsky begins work on an opera Salammbô, which is never finished The year 1863 in Science and Technology involved some significant events listed below Baseball The champion Eckford club of Brooklyn New York wins all ten matches against National Association members a run that began Events January events January 8 - Ground is broken by the Central Pacific Railroad in Sacramento California, on the western See also 1862 in Australia, other events of 1863, 1864 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history. See also 1862 in Canada, other events of 1863, 1864 in Canada and the Timeline of Canadian history. Events The Ulster Railway which began construction in 1839, reaches Clones. Incumbents Regal and Vice Regal Head of State - Queen Victoria Governor – Sir George Grey See also 1862 in South Africa, other events of 1863, 1864 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. S. - UK |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Births - Deaths - Works |
Year 1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). Incumbents Monarch - Victoria of the United Kingdom Prime Minister - Henry Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston, List of state leaders in 1862 - Events of 1863 - List of state leaders in 1864 - State leaders by year ---- Africa France Porto-Novo - # Porto-Novo becomes a French protectorate # Marius Daumas, Agent ( 1863 Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Thursday ( Dominical letter D) The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Tuesday ( Dominical letter F) The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita
Contents |
Events of 1863
January - March
- January 1
- Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation during the second year of the American Civil War making the abolition of slavery in the rebel states an official war goal. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army This article refers to a railroad built in the United States between Omaha and Sacramento completed in 1869 New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The Emancipation Proclamation consists of two executive orders issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another
- The first claim under the Homestead Act is made for a farm in Nebraska
- January 8
- Ground is broken in Sacramento, CA on the construction of the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States. The' Homestead Act' was a United States Federal law that gave an applicant freehold title to 160 Acres (one quarter section or about 65 Hectares Nebraska ( is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States and Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army This article refers to a railroad built in the United States between Omaha and Sacramento completed in 1869 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
- Yorkshire County Cricket Club is founded at the Adelphi Hotel in Sheffield, England. Yorkshire County Cricket Club, who represent the historic county of Yorkshire, are one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English domestic Cricket The Adelphi Hotel was an Hotel based in the city centre of Sheffield, England. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
Jan.11: Battle of Arkansas Post. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. The Battle of Fort Hindman, or the Battle of Arkansas Post, was fought from January 9 to January 11 1863, near the mouth of the Arkansas
- January 9 - The first section of the London Underground Railway opens (Paddington to Farringdon Street). Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire
- January 11 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Fort Hindman, or the Battle of Arkansas Post, was fought from January 9 to January 11 1863, near the mouth of the Arkansas John Alexander McClernand ( May 30 1812 &ndash September 20 1900) was an American lawyer and politician and a Union general David Dixon Porter ( June 8, 1813 – February 13, 1891) was a United States Admiral who became one of the most The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River.
- January 21 - Adam Opel founded Opel AG. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Adam Opel ( May 9, 1837 - September 8, 1895) was the founder of the German car -maker Opel. Adam Opel GmbH (commonly known as Opel) is a German automaker part of General Motors.
- January 22 - The January Uprising broke out in Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. The January Uprising ( Polish: powstanie styczniowe, Lithuanian: 1863 m Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The aim of the national movement was to regain Polish-Lithuanian-Ruthenian Commonwealth from occupation of Russia. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic
February 7: HMS Orpheus sinks. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince The Ship HMS Orpheus (named after the Greek hero Orpheus) was a Jason class corvette, a screw -driven vessel built in the Chatham Dockyard
- February 7 - HMS Orpheus sinks attempting to enter Manukau Harbour in New Zealand, with the loss of 189 lives. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince The Ship HMS Orpheus (named after the Greek hero Orpheus) was a Jason class corvette, a screw -driven vessel built in the Chatham Dockyard Manukau Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in New Zealand and the sixth largest in the world by area New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island
- February 10
- The world-famous midgets General Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren get married in New York City. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead For the similarly named governor of New Jersey see Charles C Stratton. Lavinia Warren (1841 – 1919 was an American dwarf and the wife of General Tom Thumb. The City of New York P. T. Barnum takes an entrance fee. Phineas Taylor Barnum (July 5 1810 &ndash April 7 1891 was an American Showman remembered for Hoaxes and for founding the Circus that became the
- Alanson Crane patents the fire extinguisher. A fire extinguisher is an Active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires often in emergency situations
- February 16 - Kansas State Agricultural College is established – the first land grant college created under the 1862 Morrill Act. Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols Kansas State University, commonly shortened to K-State, is an institution of higher learning located in Manhattan, Kansas, in the United States Land-grant universities (also called land-grant colleges or land grant institutions) are institutions of higher education in the United States that have
- February 24 - Arizona is organized as a United States territory. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the The State of Arizona ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States. The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically
- February 26 - Abraham Lincoln signs the National Banking Act into law. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed The National Bank Act (ch 58 12 Stat 665 February 25 1863) was a United States federal law that established a system of national charters for Banks
- March 3
- Idaho Territory is organized by the U.S. Congress. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Idaho Territory was an Organized territory of the United States which existed from 1863 to 1890 The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses
- US National Conscription Act is signed, leading to week-long New York Draft Riots
- March 10 - Marriage of Albert Edward, Prince of Wales to Princess Alexandra of Denmark. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The New York Draft Riots (July 11 to July 16 1863 known at the time as Draft Week) were violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Alexandra of Denmark (Alexandra Carolina Marie Charlotte Louise Julia 1 December 1844 – 20 November 1925 was Queen Consort to Edward VII of the United Kingdom
- March 19 - The SS Georgiana is destroyed on her maiden voyage while attempting to run the blockade into Charleston, South Carolina. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. The SS Georgiana is one of the best known American Civil War shipwrecks A blockade is any effort to prevent supplies Troops information or aid from reaching an opposing force Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. Lost to history, the wreck is discovered March 19, 1965, (exactly 102 years later) by E. Lee Spence. Edward Lee Spence (born 1947 in Germany is a pioneer in Underwater archaeology who studies Shipwrecks and Sunken treasure.
- March 30 - Prince Wilhelm George of Denmark is chosen as King George I of Greece. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. George I King of the Hellenes (Γεώργιος A' Βασιλεύς των Ελλήνων Georgios A' Vasileus ton Ellinon; 24 December 1845 &ndash 18 March 1913 was
April - June
American Civil War in 1863
- April 20 - The end of the Battle of Washington in Beaufort County, North Carolina. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. The Battle of Washington took place from March 30 to April 20, 1863, in Beaufort County North Carolina, as part of Confederate Beaufort County is a County located in the US state of North Carolina.
- April 21
- Bahá'u'lláh declared His station as "He whom God shall make manifest". Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Bahá'u'lláh ( ba-haa-ol-laa "Glory of God" ( November 12, 1817 – May 29, 1892) born Mírzá Ḥusayn-`Alí Nuri He whom God shall make manifest () is a Messianic figure in the religion of Babism. This date is celebrated in the Bahá'í Faith as The Festival of Ridván. The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind Riḍván (رضوان; Persian transliteration: Riḍván is a twelve-day festival in the Bahá'í Faith, commemorating the commencement of Bahá'u'lláh
- Quantrill's Raiders launch a reprisal raid Lawrence, Kansas in the Battle of Lawrence, killing a number of civilians. Quantrill's Raiders were a loosely organized force of pro- Confederate Bushwhackers who fought in the American Civil War under the leadership of Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. The Lawrence Massacre, also known as Quantrill's Raid, was a rebel guerrilla attack during the U
- April 30 - the Battle of Camarón in Mexico - 65 soldiers of the French Foreign Legion fight 2000 Mexicans - three of them survive the battle. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule The Battle of Camarón occurred on 30 April 1863, between the French Foreign Legion and the Mexican army The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Demographic dynamics In 1900 the Mexican population was 136 million
- May 1 - 4 - American Civil War: General Robert E. Lee defeats Union forces at the Battle of Chancellorsville with 13,000 Confederate casualties, among them Stonewall Jackson lost to friendly fire, and 17,500 Union casualties. Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated Forces and plans The Chancellorsville campaign began with the potential of leading to one of the most lopsided clashes in the war Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the
- May 14 - American Civil War: Battle of Jackson (MS). Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Jackson, fought on May 14, 1863, in Jackson Mississippi, was part of the Vicksburg Campaign in the American Civil War
- May 17 - After a two-month siege, the French army of Bazaine takes Puebla Mexico. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. François Achille Bazaine ( 13 February, 1811 - 23 September, 1888) was a French General and from 1864 a Marshal of France, "who Is a Mexican state located in the center east of the country to the east of Mexico City. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.
- May 18 - American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins (ends Saturday, July 4). Events 1152 - Henry II of England marries Eleanor of Aquitaine. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background See also [[Vicksburg Campaign]] After crossing the Mississippi south of Vicksburg at Bruinsburg and driving northeast Grant had won battles at Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples 8600 union 30,189 confederate men surrendered
- May 21
- American Civil War: Siege of Port Hudson, Louisiana by Union forces. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background From the time the American Civil War started in April 1861 both the North and South made controlling the Mississippi River a major
- General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists formed. The General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists is the governing organization of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.
- May 23
- Ferdinand Lassalle founds the Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (General German Workers' Association, ADAV), the first socialist workers party in Germany. Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Ferdinand Lassalle (11 April 1825 &mdash 31 August 1864 was a German Jurist and socialist political Activist. The General German Workers' Association, in German Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein, ADAV was founded on 23 May 1863 by Ferdinand Lassalle
- The Siege of Port Hudson starts. Background From the time the American Civil War started in April 1861 both the North and South made controlling the Mississippi River a major
- May 26 - American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg starts
- May 28 - American Civil War: The 54th Massachusetts, the first African-American regiment, leaves Boston, Massachusetts to fight for the Union. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background See also [[Vicksburg Campaign]] After crossing the Mississippi south of Vicksburg at Bruinsburg and driving northeast Grant had won battles at Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment, an Infantry Regiment that fought in the American Civil War, was one of the first official black African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa
- May 31 - First running of the Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe horse race. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. The Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe is a Group 1 flat horse race in France open to Thoroughbreds which are three-years-old or above
- June 9 - American Civil War: Battle of Brandy Station, Virginia. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Brandy Station, also called the Battle of Fleetwood Hill, was the largest predominantly Cavalry engagement of the American Civil War, The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state
- June 14 - American Civil War: Second Battle of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of Northern Virginia in the Shenandoah Valley town of Winchester, Virginia. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Second Battle of Winchester was fought between June 13 and June 15, 1863 in Frederick County and Winchester Virginia as The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the Confederate States of America in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. The Shenandoah Valley region of western Virginia and West Virginia is bounded by the Blue Ridge Mountains to the east and the Appalachian Winchester is an independent city located in the state of Virginia.
- June 17 - American Civil War: Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Aldie took place on June 17, 1863, in Loudoun County Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil The Gettysburg Campaign was a series of battles fought in June and July 1863 during the American Civil War.
- June 20 - West Virginia is admitted as the 35th U.S. state. Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government
July - September
- July 1 - 3 - American Civil War: Union forces under George G. Meade turn back a Confederate invasion by Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg, the largest battle of the war. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South George Gordon Meade ( December 31, 1815 &ndash November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]] 28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union.
- July 4 - American Civil War: Battle of Vicksburg - Ulysses S. Grant and the Union army capture the Confederate city Vicksburg, Mississippi, after the town surrendered. Events 836 - Pactum Sicardi, peace between the Principality of Benevento and the Duchy of Naples Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background See also [[Vicksburg Campaign]] After crossing the Mississippi south of Vicksburg at Bruinsburg and driving northeast Grant had won battles at Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Vicksburg is a city in Warren County, Mississippi, United States. The siege lasted 47 days.
- July 9 - The Siege of Port Hudson ends and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time. Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Background From the time the American Civil War started in April 1861 both the North and South made controlling the Mississippi River a major
- July 13 - American Civil War: American Civil War (New York Draft Riots): In New York City, opponents of conscription begin three days of violent rioting, which would later be regarded as the worst in the history of the United States. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The New York Draft Riots (July 11 to July 16 1863 known at the time as Draft Week) were violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination The City of New York Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
- July 18 - American Civil War: The first formal African American military unit, the 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults Confederate-held Fort Wagner but their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers during the war. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Fort Wagner (also called Battery Wagner) was a Fortification on Morris Island, South Carolina, that covered the southern approach to Charleston Their colonel was shot leading attack and was buried with his men. 450 union/ 175 confederate
- July 26 - American Civil War: Morgan's Raid ends - At Salineville, Ohio, Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 375 of his volunteers are captured by Union forces. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Morgan's Raid was a highly publicized incursion by Confederate Cavalry into the Northern states of Indiana and Ohio during the Salineville is a village in southwestern Columbiana County, Ohio, United States. John Hunt Morgan ( June 1, 1825 &ndash September 4, 1864) was a Confederate General and Cavalry officer in the
- July 30 - Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Chief Pocatello (1815&ndashOctober 1884 was a leader of Shoshoni, a Native American people in western North America. The Shoshone ( or) are a Native American tribe with three large divisions the Northern the Western and the Eastern The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States.
- August 8 - American Civil War: Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg, General Robert E. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate President Jefferson Davis (Davis will refuse the request upon receipt). Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the
- August 17 - American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina. Fort Sumter, a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor South Carolina, was named after General Thomas Sumter Bombardment will not end until Thursday, December 31
- August 21 - American Civil War: Lawrence, Kansas attacked by William Quantrill's raiders in the Battle of Lawrence, killing an estimated 200 men and boys. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Lawrence is the sixth largest city in the US State of Kansas and the County seat of Douglas County. William Clarke Quantrill ( July 31 1837 &ndash June 6 1865) was a Confederate guerrilla leader during the American The Lawrence Massacre, also known as Quantrill's Raid, was a rebel guerrilla attack during the U The raid would become notorious in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War.
- September 6 - American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island in South Carolina. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Morris Island is an 840 acre (34 km² uninhabited Island in Charleston Harbor in South Carolina, accessible only by boat South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America.
- September 16 - Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Robert College of Istanbul ( Turkish: Istanbul Amerikan Robert Lisesi) is one of the most selective independent private high schools in Turkey. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Christopher Robert of New York was the founder of Robert College in Istanbul, Turkey in 1863 the oldest American school outside the United
October - December
- October 5 - The Brooklyn, Bath and Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York; this is now the oldest right-of-way on the New York City Subway, the largest rapid transit system in the United States and one of the largest in the world. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople The West End Line or New Utrecht Avenue Line was a Surface transit line in Brooklyn, New York City, United States, running along Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. A right-of-way is a strip of land that is granted – through an Easement or other mechanism – for Transportation purposes such as for a Rail line or The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
- October 14 - American Civil War: Battle of Bristoe Station - Confederate General Robert E. Events 1066 - Norman Conquest: Battle of Hastings - In England on Senlac Hill seven miles from Hastings, the forces Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Bristoe Station was fought on October 14, 1863, between Union and Confederate forces in the Bristoe Campaign of the Lee forces fail to drive the Union army out of Virginia. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state
- October 15 - American Civil War: The first successful submarine, the CSS Hunley sinks during a test, killing Horace Lawson Hunley (its inventor) and a crew of seven. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability History Hunley and two earlier submarines were privately developed and paid for by Horace Lawson Hunley, James McClintock, and Baxter Watson Horace Lawson Hunley ( June 20, 1823, Sumner County Tennessee &ndash October 15, 1863, Charleston, South Carolina was
- October 26 - 29, the Resolutions of the Geneva International Conference are signed
- October 29
- Sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agree to form the International Red Cross. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated
- American Civil War: Battle of Wauhatchie - Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Wauhatchie, also known as Brown's Ferry, was fought October 28 and October 29, 1863, in Hamilton and Marion Grant ward-off a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. James Longstreet (January 8 1821 &ndash January 2 1904 was one of the foremost Confederate Generals of the American Civil War and the principal subordinate Union forces thus open a supply line into Chattanooga, Tennessee. Military supply chain management is a cross-functional approach to procuring, producing and delivering products and services The broad
- November 15 - The death of King Frederick VII of Denmark and his succession by his distant cousin Christian IX marks the beginning of the Second Schleswig-Holstein crisis. Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Family Frederick was born at Amalienborg Palace to Christian VIII of Denmark and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29
- November 16 - American Civil War: Battle of Campbell's Station - Near Knoxville, Tennessee, Confederate troops led by General James Longstreet unsuccessfully attack Union forces under General Ambrose Burnside. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Campbell's Station was a battle of the Knoxville Campaign of the American Civil War, occurring on November 16, 1863, at Campbell's Ambrose Everett Burnside (May 23 1824 September 13 1881 was an American soldier railroad executive inventor industrialist and politician from Rhode Island,
- November 17 - American Civil War: Siege of Knoxville begins - Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee under siege (the two week long siege and one failed attack was unsuccessful). Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Knoxville Campaign was a series of American Civil War battles and maneuvers in East Tennessee during the fall of 1863
- November 18 - King Christian IX of Denmark decided to sign the november constitution, which declared Schleswig as part of Denmark, what was seen by the German Confederation as a violation of the London Protocol and lead to the German–Danish war of 1864. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Christian IX ( April 8, 1818 - January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 16, 1863 to January 29 The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Jutland Peninsula is a long peninsula in Northern Europe, and the current Schleswig-Holstein is its southern part The German Confederation (Deutscher Bund was the association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to serve as the successor to London Protocol is a name used to describe several different documents The First Schleswig War occurred in 1848–1851. The Second Schleswig War (2
- November 19 - American Civil War: Union President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Gettysburg Address is a speech by US President Abraham Lincoln and one of the most quoted speeches in United States history. Gettysburg is a borough 38 miles (68 km south by southwest of Harrisburg in Adams County, Pennsylvania, USA, of which it is the
- November 23 - American Civil War: Battle of Chattanooga III begins - Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Third Battle of Chattanooga (popularly known as The Battle of Chattanooga, and including the Battle of Lookout Mountain and the Battle of Grant reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee and counter-attack Confederate troops.
- November 24 - American Civil War: Battle of Lookout Mountain - Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under General Ulysses S. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Third Battle of Chattanooga (popularly known as The Battle of Chattanooga, and including the Battle of Lookout Mountain and the Battle of Grant capture Lookout Mountain and begin to break the Confederate siege of the city led by General Braxton Bragg. Braxton Bragg (March 22 1817 &ndash September 27 1876 was a career United States Army officer and then a General in the Confederate States Army, a
- November 25 - American Civil War: Battle of Missionary Ridge - At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Third Battle of Chattanooga (popularly known as The Battle of Chattanooga, and including the Battle of Lookout Mountain and the Battle of Missionary Ridge is a geographic feature in Chattanooga Tennessee, site of the Battle of Missionary Ridge, a battle in the American Civil War, fought Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga by routing Confederate troops under General Braxton Bragg.
- November 26 - American Civil War: Mine Run - Union forces under General George Meade position against troops led by Confederate General Robert E. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South George Gordon Meade ( December 31, 1815 &ndash November 6, 1872) was a career United States Army officer and civil engineer involved Lee (Meade's forces could not find any weaknesses in the Confederate lines and gave up trying after five days).
- November 27 - American Civil War: Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the Ohio state prison and return safely to the South. Events 1095 - Pope Urban II declares the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
- December 15 - Romania is using for the first time a mountain railway (from Anina to Oravita). Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania A mountain railway is a Railway that ascends and descends a Mountain slope that has a steep grade. Anina ( German: Steierdorf-Anina, Hungarian: Stájerlakanina) is a town in southwestern Romania, in Caraş-Severin County Oraviţa (Oravicabánya Orawitz in archaic Oravice is a town in southwestern Romania, in the Caraş-Severin County, with a population of 15524 in 2000
- End of term for Amasa Leland Stanford, 8th Governor of California. Amasa Leland Stanford ( March 9, 1824 June 21, 1893) was an American Tycoon, Politician and founder of The following is a list of the Governors of the State of California. He is succeeded by Frederick Ferdinand Low. Frederick Ferdinand Low ( January 30, 1828 July 21, 1894) was an American Politician, US congressman and governor of
Undated
- Bartolomé Mitre secretly backs the revolt of Venancio Flores against the Uruguayan Blanco government
- Thomas Nast draws the modern Santa Claus for Harper's Weekly, although Santa existed previously. Bartolomé Mitre Martinez ( June 26 1821 &ndash January 19 1906) was an Argentine statesman military figure and Author Venancio Flores Barrios (18 May 1808 – 19 February 1868 was a Uruguayan political leader and general Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Thomas Nast ( September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a famous German-American Caricaturist and Editorial cartoonist Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle, or simply " Santa " is the Harper's Weekly ( A Journal of Civilization) was an American political Magazine based in New York City.
- Douglas becomes the capital of the Isle of Man, after its parliament; Tynwald moved their chambers from Castletown. Douglas (Doolish is the capital of the Isle of Man and its largest town The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those Tynwald (Tinvaal or more formally the High Court of Tynwald (Ard-whaiyl Tinvaal is the Bicameral Legislature of the Isle of Man. Castletown (Balley Chashtal pronounced /ˈbalʲə ˈxaʃtʲəl/ is a town within the Malew parish of the Isle of Man.
Ongoing Events
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1863 MDCCCLXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2616 |
| Armenian calendar | 1312 ԹՎ ՌՅԺԲ |
| Bahá'í calendar | 19 – 20 |
| Berber calendar | 2813 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2407 |
| Burmese calendar | 1225 |
| Chinese calendar | 4499/4559-11-12 (壬戌年十一月十二日) — to —
4500/4560-11-21(癸亥年十一月廿一日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1579 – 1580 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1855 – 1856 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5623 – 5624 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1918 – 1919 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1785 – 1786 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4964 – 4965 |
| Holocene calendar | 11863 |
| Iranian calendar | 1241 – 1242 |
| Islamic calendar | 1279 – 1280 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunkyū 3 (文久3年) |
| Korean calendar | 4196 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2406 |
January - June
- January 1 - Pierre de Coubertin, French founder of the modern Olympic Games (d. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Ab Urbe condita (literally "from The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Calendar Events Births Deaths Calendar Events Births Deaths The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. Kali Yuga ( Devanāgarī: sa कलियुग lit "Age of Kali " "age of vice" is one of the four stages of development that the world goes The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays was a after Man'en and before Genji. This period spanned the years from 1861 through 1864 The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Pierre de Frédy Baron de Coubertin (1 January 1863 &ndash 2 September 1937 was a French Pedagogue and historian who is best known as the founder of the 1937)
- January 12 - Swami Vivekananda, Indian religious leader (d. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Swami Vivekananda (স্বামী বিবেকানন্দ Shami Bibekānondo; स्वामी विवेकानन्द Svāmi Vivekānanda) ( 1902)
- January 15 - Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor of Germany (d. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Wilhelm Marx ( January 15, 1863 August 5, 1946) was a German Lawyer Catholic Politician and a member of the The Head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (Kanzler 1946)
- January 17 - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca David Lloyd George 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor OM, PC (17 January 1863 &ndash 26 March 1945 was a British Statesman and the only The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom 1945)
- January 17 - Constantin Stanislavski, Russian theatre practitioner and founder of modern realistic acting (d. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski (Константин Theatre practitioner is a modern term to describe someone who both creates theatrical Performances and who produces a theoretical Discourse that 1938)
- January 28 - Ernest William Christmas, Australian painter (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Ernest William Christmas was an Australian painter He was born near Adelaide South Australia in 1863 and studied art in Adelaide Sydney and in London Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e 1918)
- March 11 - Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer (d. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Andrew Ernest Stoddart ( 11 March, 1863 – 4 April, 1915) was an English Cricketer and Rugby union player 1915)
- March 12 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (d. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Gabriele d'Annunzio ( 12 March 1863 &ndash 1 March 1938) was an Italian Poet, Journalist, Novelist 1938)
- March 25 - Simon Flexner, American pathologist (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1199 - Richard I is wounded by a crossbow bolt while fighting France which leads to his death on April 6. Simon Flexner ( March 25, 1863 in Louisville Kentucky &ndash May 2, 1946) was a Physician, administrator and Professor 1946)
- May 21 - Archduke Eugen of Austria, Austrian field marshal (d. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Archduke Eugen Ferdinand Pius Bernhard Felix Maria of Austria-Teschen ( May 21 1863 &ndash December 30 1954) was an Archduke 1954)
- March 27 - Henry Royce, English automobile pioneer (d. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Sir Frederick Henry Royce 1st Baronet, OBE (27 March 1863 - 22 April 1933 was a pioneering car manufacturer who with Charles Stewart Rolls founded the 1933)
- April 18 - Leopold Graf Berchtold, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (d. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Leopold Anton Johann Sigismund Josef Korsinus Ferdinand Graf Berchtold (in English Count Leopold Anthony John Sigismund Joseph Corsinus Ferdinand von Berchtold, in Hungarian 1942)
- May 24 - George Grey Barnard, American sculptor (d. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned George Grey Barnard ( May 24, 1863 - April 24, 1938) was an American sculptor. 1938)
- May 29 - Arthur Mold, English cricketer (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Arthur Mold ( May 29, 1863, Middleton Cheney, Northamptonshire – April 27, 1921, Middleton Cheney was one of the deadliest 1921)
- June 2 - Felix Weingartner, Yugoslavian conductor (d. Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Paul Felix von Weingartner, Edler von Münzberg 1942)
- June 13 - Lady Lucy Duff Gordon, English fashion designer (d. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1525 - Martin Luther marries Katharina von Bora, against the Celibacy rule decreed by the Roman Catholic Church for Lucy Christiana Lady Duff Gordon (née Sutherland) (13 June 1863 – 20 April 1935 was a leading Fashion designer in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 1942)
- June 17 - Duke Charles Michael of Mecklenburg, head of the House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Charles Michael Duke of Mecklenburg (Carl Michael Herzog zu Mecklenburg 6 December 1934) was an officer in the Imperial Russian Army, The Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg is a North German Dynasty of West Slavic origin that ruled until 1918. 1934)
July - December
- July 1 - William Grant Stairs, Canadian explorer (d. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. William Grant Stairs ( July 1, 1863 &ndash June 9, 1892) was a Canadian - British explorer, Soldier 1892)
- July 6 - Reginald McKenna, British Chancellor of the Exchequer 1915–1916 (d. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Reginald McKenna ( 6 July 1863 &ndash 6 September 1943) was a Liberal British statesman The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial 1943)
- July 21 - C. Aubrey Smith, English actor (d. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World 1948)
- July 30 - Henry Ford, American automobile manufacturer and industrialist (d. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Henry Ford ( July 30, 1863 &ndash April 7, 1947) was the American founder of the Ford Motor Company and father of 1947)
- August 3 - Géza Gárdonyi, Hungarian author (d. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Géza Gárdonyi, born Géza Ziegler (Agárdpuszta Austria-Hungary, August 3 1863 &ndash Eger, Hungary, October 1922)
- August 17 - Gene Stratton-Porter, American author, screenwriter and naturalist (d. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Gene Stratton-Porter ( August 17, 1863 &ndash December 6, 1924) was an American author amateur naturalist wildlife photographer and one of 1924)
- September 13 - Arthur Henderson, Scottish politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Arthur Henderson (13 September 1863 – 20 October 1935 was a British union leader politician Disarmament advocate and the 1934 Nobel Peace Prize Laureate The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor 1935)
- September 21 - John Bunny, American film comedian (d. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. John Bunny (born September 21, 1863 in New York City, United States; died April 26, 1915 in Brooklyn New York 1915)
- October 11 - Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (d. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Louis Cyr, baptised Cyprien-Noé Cyr ( October 10, 1863 &ndash November 10, 1912) was a famous Canadian strongman 1912)
- October 16 - Austen Chamberlain, English statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Sir Joseph Austen Chamberlain KG ( 16 October 1863 &ndash 17 March 1937) was a British Statesman, The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor 1937)
- October 18 - Tommy Tucker, 19th century baseball pioneer (d. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid 1935)
- December 5 - Pattillo Higgins, oil pioneer and businessman, known as the "Prophet of Spindletop" (d. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Pattillo Higgins (December 5 1863 - June 5 1955 was a businessman as well as a self-taught Geologist. Spindletop is a Salt dome Oil field located in south Beaumont, Texas (approx 1955)
- December 7 - Felix Calonder
- December 7 - Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (d. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Felix Louis Calonder ( December 7, 1863 - June 14, 1952) was a Swiss politician member of the Swiss Federal Council from Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> Pietro Mascagni ( December 7, 1863 &ndash August 2, 1945)
- December 11 - Annie Jump Cannon, American astronomer (d. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 359 - Honoratus, the first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, takes office Annie Jump Cannon ( December 11, 1863 &ndash April 13, 1941) was an American Astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental 1941)
- December 12 - Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (d. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Edvard Munch (mʉŋk December 12, 1863 – January 23, 1944) was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, Printmaker 1944)
- December 18 - Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (d. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Franz Ferdinand ( December 18, 1863 &ndash June 28, 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Prince Imperial of 1914)
Unknown date
- Aaron S. Watkins, American Presidential candidate (d. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Aaron S Watkins (1863-1941 born in Ohio in 1863 was president of Asbury College in Kentucky. 1941)
Deaths
January - June
- April 1 - Jakob Steiner, Swiss mathematician (b. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Jakob Steiner ( 18 March, 1796 &ndash April 1, 1863) was a Swiss Mathematician. 1796)
- May 10 - Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, American Confederate general (b. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson (January 21 1824 &ndash May 10 1863 was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and probably the 1824)
- June 9 - Dost Mohammad Khan, Emir of Kabul, King of Kandahar (b. Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Dost Mohammad Khan ( Pashto / Persian: دوست محمد خان) ( December 23, 1793 - June 9, 1863) son of Sardār } Kābul ( Persian and Pashto: کابل, IPA:) is the Capital and largest city of Afghanistan, with For the 2001 film see Kandahar (film; for the Kandahar meteorite of 1959 see Meteorite falls; for the places in Azerbaijan see Cəndəhar and 1793)
July - December
- July 1 - John F. Reynolds, Major General in the Union Army
- July 26 - Sam Houston, first President of the Republic of Texas (b. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. John Fulton Reynolds ( September 20, 1820 &ndash July 1, 1863) was a career United States Army officer and a General in The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Samuel Houston ( March 2, 1793 July 26, 1863) was a 19th century American statesman politician and soldier The Republic of Texas was formed in 1836 In the midst of the Texas Revolution, Texan settlers elected delegates to the Convention of 1836, which issued the 1793)
- August 13 - Eugène Delacroix, French painter (b. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation the start of the Maya calendar. Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of 1798)
- September 17 - Alfred de Vigny, French author (b. Year 1798 ( MDCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec Alfred Victor de Vigny ( March 27, 1797 &ndash September 17, 1863) was a French Poet, Playwright, and Novelist 1797)
- September 20 - Jakob Grimm, German folklorist (b. Year 1797 ( MDCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm ( Hanau, January 4, 1785 &ndash September 20, 1863 in Berlin) German Philologist 1785)
- October 13 - Philippe Antoine d’Ornano, Marshal of France (b. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Philippe Antoine d'Ornano, 1st Comte d'Ornano ( January 17, 1784 - October 13, 1863) was a French soldier and 1784)
- November 2 - Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (b. Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Theodore Dehone Judah ( March 4 1826 &ndash November 2 1863) was an American Engineer who dreamed of the First Transcontinental 1826)
- November 15 - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (b. For the game see 1826 (board game. Year 1826 ( MDCCCXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display Events 655 - Battle of Winwaed: Penda of Mercia is defeated by Oswiu of Northumbria. Family Frederick was born at Amalienborg Palace to Christian VIII of Denmark and Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. 1808)
- December 13 - Christian Friedrich Hebbel, German writer (b. Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1294 - Saint Celestine V abdicates the papacy after only five months Celestine hoped to return to his previous life Christian Friedrich Hebbel ( March 18, 1813 &ndash December 13, 1863) was a German Poet and Dramatist. 1813)
- December 24 - William Makepeace Thackeray, British novelist (b. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes William Makepeace Thackeray (ˈθækərɪ 18 July 1811 – 24 December 1863 was an English Novelist of the 19th century 1811)
- See also Category: 1863 deaths. Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic