Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1830s  1840s  1850s  - 1860s -  1870s  1880s  1890s
Years:	1858 1859 1860 - 1861 - 1862 1863 1864

1861 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -

Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science

Sports - Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia - Canada - Germany - Ireland - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - U. The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular centuries and millennia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that This page indexes the individual Years pages Twenty-first century Year 1858 ( MDCCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year 1861 in Archaeology Explorations Excavations Leon Heuzey excavates Vergina The year 1861 in architecture involved some significant events Events Paul Cézanne and his friend Émile Zola arrive in Paris The year 1861 in literature involved some significant new books Events Julia Ward Howe composes Battle Hymn of the Republic Works published Elizabeth Barrett Events Tannhäuser scandal in Paris. Giuseppe Verdi is elected a deputy in the first parliament of the new Italian The year 1861 in Science and Technology involved some significant events listed below Baseball The National Association establishes the December annual meeting a change from March meeting twice during calendar 1860. Events February events February 22 - Passenger service begins on Strasburg Rail Road with a visit from Abraham Lincoln. See also 1860 in Australia, other events of 1861, 1862 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history. See also 1860 in Canada, other events of 1861, 1862 in Canada and the List of 'years in Canada' ---- Events April Events Arts and Literature Sheridan Le Fanu becomes the editor and proprietor of the Dublin University Magazine. Incumbents Regal and Vice Regal Head of State - Queen Victoria Governor – Colonel Thomas Gore See also 1860 in South Africa, other events of 1861, 1862 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. S. - UK

Leaders:   State leaders - Colonial governors

Category: Establishments - Disestablishments

Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1861 (MDCCCLXI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). Incumbents Monarch - Victoria of the United Kingdom Prime Minister - Henry Temple 3rd Viscount Palmerston, 1860 state leaders - Events of 1861 - 1862 state leaders - State leaders by year ---- Portugal Angola - # Carlos Augusto Franco, Governor-General of Angola ( 1860 - 1861) # Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Tuesday ( Dominical letter F) The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today This is the calendar for any Common year starting on Sunday ( Dominical letter A) or for any year in which “ Doomsday ” is Tuesday The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita

Contents 1 Events of 1861 1.1 January - March 1.2 April - June 1.3 July - September 1.4 October - December 1.5 Undated 1.6 Ongoing events 2 Births 2.1 January - June 2.2 July - December 3 Deaths 3.1 January - June 3.2 July - December

Events of 1861

January - March

• January 1 - Benito Juárez captures Mexico City
• January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV of Prussia dies and is succeeded by Wilhelm I. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Benito Pablo Juárez García (benit̪o paβ̞lo xwaɾes gaɾsia ( March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Amerindian Mexico City (in Spanish: Ciudad de México, México DF, México or simply Méjico) is the Capital city of Mexico Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Life Frederick William was educated by private tutors many of whom were experienced civil servants such as Friedrich Ancillon.
• January 3 - American Civil War: Delaware votes not to secede from the Union. Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• January 9 - Mississippi becomes the second state to secede from the Union, preceding the American Civil War. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Mississippi ( is a state located in the Deep South of the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
• January 10 - American Civil War: Florida secedes from the Union. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• January 11 - American Civil War: Alabama secedes from the Union. Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• January 18 - American Civil War: Georgia secedes from the Union. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• January 21 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis resigns from the United States Senate. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives
• January 26 - American Civil War: Louisiana secedes from the Union. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• January 29 - Kansas is admitted as the 34th U.S. state. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Kansas ( is a Midwestern state in the central region of the United States of America, an area often referred to as the American " A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government
• February 1 - American Civil War: Texas secedes from the Union. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Texas ( is a state geographically located in the South Central United States and is also known as the Lone Star State. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• February 4 - American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama the Confederate States of America is formed by representatives from six break-away United States. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government
• February 8 - American Civil War: The Confederate States of America are formed. Events 421 - Constantius III becomes co- Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
• February 9 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected the Provisional President of the Confederate States of America by the weed convention at Montgomery, Alabama. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U
• February 11 - American Civil War: US House unanimously passes resolution guaranteeing non-interference with slavery in any state. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
• February 13 - End of the Siege of Gaeta, last stronghold of the Neapolitan King Francis II, by Piedmontese forces. Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed For other sieges of this city at different dates see Siege of Gaeta. Francis II ( in Italian Francesco II christened Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo, January 16, 1836 – December 27, 1894) Francis goes into exile.
• February 18
  • American Civil War: In Montgomery, Alabama Jefferson Davis is inaugurated as the provisional president of the Confederate States of America. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
  • Victor Emmanuel of Piedmont-Sardinia becomes King of Italy. Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest See: Italian unification

• February 19 - Serfdom is abolished in Russia. Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms affected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
• February 23 - President-elect Abraham Lincoln arrives secretly in Washington, DC after an assassination attempt in Baltimore, Maryland. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media.
• February 27 - A crowd in Warsaw protesting Russian rule over Poland is fired upon by Russian troops killing five protesters. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Warsaw (Warszawa; also known by other names) is the Capital and Largest city of Poland. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
• February 28 - Colorado is organized as a United States territory. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically
• March 2 - Nevada is organized as a United States territory. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. The political units and divisions of the United States include The 50 states (four of these being officially styled as Commonwealths) which are typically
• March 3 - Formal emancipation of the serfs in Imperial Russia. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms affected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya
• March 4
  • President Abraham Lincoln takes office, succeeding James Buchanan. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal James Buchanan Jr (April 23 1791 – June 1 1868 was the fifteenth President of the United States (1857–1861
  • American Civil War: The "Stars and Bars" is adopted as the flag of the United Confederate States of America. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America used several Flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865 The Confederate States of America used several Flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865
• March 10 - El Hadj Umar Tall seizes the city of Segou, destroying the Bambara Empire of Mali. Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing El Hadj Umar Tall, also Umar Tal, Umar Taal "Umar Futi" al-Hajj Umar ibn Sa'id Tal, or el-Hadj Omar ibn Sa'id Tal, (ca Ségou ( Seku, Segu) is a City in south-central Mali, lying northeast of Bamako on the River Niger, in the region The Bamana Empire (also Bambara Empire or Ségou Empire) was a large pre-colonial West African state based at Ségou, now in Mali Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali is a Landlocked nation in Western Africa.
• March 11 - American Civil War:The Constitution of the Confederate States of America is adopted. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
• March 17 - Proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy with Victor Emmanuel II as its king. Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of A king is a male Monarch, or a Head of state, who may or may not depending on the style of government of a nation exercise monarchal powers over a territory usually
• March 19 - First Taranaki War ends in New Zealand. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. The First Taranaki War was an armed conflict over land ownership and Sovereignty that took place between Māori and the New Zealand Government in the New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island
• March 20
  • An earthquake completely destroys Mendoza, a city on western Argentina. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Mendoza (men'dōzə is the capital city of Mendoza Province, in Argentina. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.
  • Surrender of Civitella del Tronto. Civitella del Tronto is a town and Comune in Teramo province within the Abruzzo region of central Italy. End of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies ( Regno delle Due Sicilie) commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the name of a Kingdom in Europe.
• March 30 - Sir William Crookes announces his discovery of Thallium (see Discovery of the chemical elements). Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Sir William Crookes, OM, FRS (17 June 1832 – 4 April 1919 was an English Chemist and Physicist. Thallium (ˈθæliəm is a Chemical element with the symbol Tl and Atomic number 81

April - June

• April 12 - American Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, South Carolina. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Fort Sumter, a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor South Carolina, was named after General Thomas Sumter South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America.
• April 13 - Fort Sumter surrenders to Southern forces
• April 17 - The state of Virginia secedes from the Union. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Fort Sumter, a Third System masonry coastal fortification located in Charleston harbor South Carolina, was named after General Thomas Sumter Events 69 - After the First Battle of Bedriacum, Vitellius becomes Roman Emperor.
• April 20 - American Civil War: Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state
• April 25 - American Civil War: The Union Army arrives in Washington, D.C.
• April 27 - American Civil War:
  • President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in the United States. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
  • West Virginia secedes from Virginia. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state
• May 6 - American Civil War: Arkansas secedes from the Union. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three
• May 7 - American Civil War: Tennessee secedes from the Union. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three
• May 8 - American Civil War: Richmond, Virginia is named the capital of the Confederate States of America. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861

• May 13
  • American Civil War: Victoria of the United Kingdom issues a "proclamation of neutrality" which recognizes the breakaway states as having belligerent rights. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
  • May 13 - Comet C/1861 J1 (the "Great Comet of 1861") discovered in Australia. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. A comet is a small Solar System body that orbits the Sun and when close enough to the Sun exhibits a visible coma (atmosphere or a tail — The Great Comet of 1861 formally designated C/1861 J1 and 1861 II, was a Comet that was visible to the Naked eye for approximately For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
• May 14 - The Canellas meteorite, an 859 gram chondrite type meteorite struck earth near Barcelona, Spain. Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the For other uses of the words gram or gramme see Gram (disambiguation. A meteorite is a natural object originating in Outer space that survives an impact with the Earth 's surface Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia
• May 20 - American Civil War: Kentucky proclaims its neutrality which will last until September 3 when Confederate forces enter the state. Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. For other uses of Neutral and Neutrality see Neutral A neutral country takes no side in a War between other parties Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 North Carolina secedes from the Union. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• June 9 - Lebanon separated from Syrian administration and reunited under Ottoman governor with the approval of European powers. Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
• June 15 - Benito Juárez formally elected president of Mexico; he temporarily stops the payments of foreign debt. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Benito Pablo Juárez García (benit̪o paβ̞lo xwaɾes gaɾsia ( March 21, 1806 – July 18, 1872) was a Zapotec Amerindian The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. External debt (or foreign debt) is that part of the total debt in a country that is owed to Creditors outside the country
• June 25 - Abd-ul-Mejid, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839-1861) dies and is succeeded by Abd-ul-Aziz (1861-1876). Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Abdülmecid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجيد اول ‘Abdü’l-Mecīd-i evvel) ( April 23 1823 June 25 1861 The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Abdülaziz ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد العزيز ( February 9, 1830 June 4 1876) was the 32nd Sultan of the Ottoman Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

July - September

• July 1 - First issue of Vatican's newspaper L'Osservatore Romano was published. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory L'Osservatore Romano ( English: The Roman Observer) is the "semi-official" Newspaper of the Holy See.
• July 2 - Ivan Kasatkin lands on Hakodate and introduces the Eastern Orthodox church into Japan. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Saint Nicholas Equal-to-the-Apostles Archbishop of Japan, Nikolai Kasatkin, born Ivan Dimitrovich Kasatkin (Иван Дмитриевич Касаткин - is a city and port located in Oshima, Hokkaidō, Japan. It is the capital city of Oshima Subprefecture The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
• July 13 - American Civil War: Battle of Corrick's Ford takes place in Western Virginia
• July 21 - American Civil War: First Battle of Bull Run - At Manassas Junction, Virginia, the first major battle of the war begins (Confederate victory). Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Corrick's Ford took place on July 13, 1861, on the Cheat River in Western Virginia (now the state of West Virginia) as part Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background Brig Gen Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
• July 25 - American Civil War: The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution is passed by the U.S. Congress stating that the war is being fought to preserve the Union and not to end slavery. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Crittenden-Johnson Resolution (also called the Crittenden Resolution) was passed by the United States Congress on July 25, 1861 after the The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The United States of America —commonly referred to as the As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another
• July 26 - American Civil War: George B. McClellan assumes command of the Army of the Potomac following a disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run. Events 657 - Battle of Siffin. 811 - Battle of Pliska; Byzantine Emperor Nicephorus Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South George Brinton McClellan ( December 3 1826 October 29 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Background Brig Gen Irvin McDowell was appointed by President Abraham Lincoln to command the Army of Northeastern Virginia.
• August 5
  • American Civil War: In order to help pay for the war effort, the United States government issues the first income tax as part of the Revenue Act of 1861 (3% of all incomes over US $800; rescinded in 1872). Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The Revenue Act of 1861, formally cited as Act of August 5 1861 Chap Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year
  • US Army abolishes flogging. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, "whip" the human body
• August 27 - Last execution in Britain for attempted murder - Martin Doyle in Chester. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. In English Criminal law, attempted murder is the crime of more than merely preparing to commit Unlawful homicide and at the same time having a specific intention Chester is the County town of Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77040
• September 3 - American Civil War: Confederate General Leonidas Polk invades neutral Kentucky, prompting the state legislature to ask for Union assistance. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Leonidas Polk ( April 10, 1806 &ndash June 14, 1864) was a Confederate general who was once a planter in Maury County Tennessee The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• September 6 - American Civil War: Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant bloodlessly capture Paducah, Kentucky, which gives the Union control the mouth of the Tennessee River. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States Paducah is the largest city in Kentucky 's Jackson Purchase Region and the County seat of McCracken County, Kentucky, United States The Tennessee River is the largest tributary of the Ohio River.

October - December

• October 9 - American Civil War: the Battle of Santa Rosa Island. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Santa Rosa Island ( October 9, 1861) was an unsuccessful Confederate attempt to take Union held Fort Pickens on Santa Rosa Island
• October 21 - American Civil War: Battle of Ball's Bluff - Union forces under Colonel Edward Baker are defeated by Confederate troops in the second major battle of the war. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Battle of Ball's Bluff, also known as the Battle of Harrison’s Island or the Battle of Leesburg, was fought on October 21, 1861, in The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Edward Dickinson Baker (February 24 1811 &ndash October 21 1861 was an English -born American politician, lawyer, military leader. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Baker, a close friend of Abraham Lincoln, is killed in the fighting. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal
• October 24 - The HMS Warrior, the world's first ocean-going (all) iron-hulled armored battleship was completed and commissioned. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Design and construction News of the highly-secretive designs for La Gloire reached the British Admiralty in May 1858
• October 28 -The Missouri legislature took up a bill for Missouri's secession from the Union. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee
• October 30 -The bill was passed for Missouri's secession from Union. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge.
• October 31
  • The Missouri's secession from the Union bill is signed by Governor Jackson
  • American Civil War: Citing failing health, Union General Winfield Scott resigns as Commander of the United States Army. Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Winfield Scott ( June 13, 1786 &ndash May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general Diplomat, and presidential candidate The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities.
• November 1 - American Civil War: US President Abraham Lincoln appoints George B. McClellan as commander of the Union Army, replacing the aged General Winfield Scott. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal George Brinton McClellan ( December 3 1826 October 29 1885) was a major general during the American Civil War. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Winfield Scott ( June 13, 1786 &ndash May 29, 1866) was a United States Army general Diplomat, and presidential candidate
• November 2 - American Civil War: Western Department Union General John C. Fremont is relieved of command and replaced by David Hunter. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The United States of America —commonly referred to as the John Charles Frémont ( January 21, 1813 July 13, 1890) was an American military officer, explorer, the David Hunter (July 21 1802 &ndash February 2 1886 was a Union general in the American Civil War.
• November 6 - American Civil War: Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
• November 5 - First Racing of the Australian Melbourne Cup horse race. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany)
• November 7 - American Civil War: Battle of Belmont - In Belmont, Missouri, Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant overrun a Confederate camp but are forced to retreat when Confederate reinforcements arrive. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background At the beginning of the Civil War the critical border state of Kentucky, with a pro-Confederate governor and a pro-Union legislature had declared The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861
• November 8 - American Civil War: The "Trent Affair" - The USS San Jacinto stops the United Kingdom mail ship Trent and arrests two Confederate envoys, James Mason and John Slidell, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the UK and US. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Britain in the American Civil War The Trent Affair, also known as the Mason and Slidell Affair, was an international diplomatic incident that occurred during the Three ships of the United States Navy have been named USS San Jacinto, after the Texas Battle of San Jacinto in 1836 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 John Slidell (1793 &ndash July 26, 1871) was an American politician lawyer and businessman
• November 21 - American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin secretary of war. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Judah Philip Benjamin ( August 6, 1811 &ndash May 6, 1884) was an American politician and lawyer
• November 25 - A tenement collapses in the Old Town of Edinburgh and buries 50 - rescuers find 15 of them alive. Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow.
• November 28 - Acting on the ordinance passed by the Jackson government, the Confederate Congress admitted Missouri as the 12th confederate state. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events
• December 10 - American Civil War: Kentucky is accepted into the Confederate States of America. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861

Undated

• News of Henri Mouhot's discovery of Angkor Wat published. Henri Mouhot ( May 15, 1826 &mdash November 10, 1861) was a French naturalist and explorer of the mid-19th century Angkor Wat (or Angkor Vat) (អង្គរវត្ត is a Temple complex at Angkor, Cambodia, built for King Suryavarman II
• In Britain, the death penalty is limited to murder, high treason, espionage, piracy with violence and acts of arson perpetrated upon docks or ammunition depots. Murder is the unlawful killing of another human person with Malice aforethought, as defined in Common Law countries See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country The Piracy Act 1837 (c88 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
• British Empire establishes bases in Lagos to stop the slave trade. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Lagos ( pron ˈleɪgɒs or /ˈlɑːgoʊs/ overseas is the most populous Conurbation in Nigeria with
• Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management published. Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management was edited by Isabella Beeton and was first published as a book in 1861 by S
• Estonian national epic Kalevipoeg is published. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Kalevipoeg is an epic poem by Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald held to be the Estonian National epic.

Ongoing events

• American Civil War (1861-1865)
• Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)

Births

1861 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1861 MDCCCLXI
Ab urbe condita	2614
Armenian calendar	1310 ԹՎ ՌՅԺ
Bahá'í calendar	17 – 18
Berber calendar	2811
Buddhist calendar	2405
Burmese calendar	1223
Chinese calendar	4497/4557-11-21 (庚申年十一月廿一日) — to — 4498/4558-12-1 (辛酉年十二月初一日)
Coptic calendar	1577 – 1578
Ethiopian calendar	1853 – 1854
Hebrew calendar	5621 – 5622
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1916 – 1917
- Shaka Samvat	1783 – 1784
- Kali Yuga	4962 – 4963
Holocene calendar	11861
Iranian calendar	1239 – 1240
Islamic calendar	1277 – 1278
Japanese calendar	Man'en 2Bunkyū 1 (文久元年)
Korean calendar	4194
Thai solar calendar	2404
v • d • e

January - June

• January 14 - Mehmed VI, Ottoman Sultan (d. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Ab Urbe condita (literally "from The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Calendar Events Births Deaths Calendar Events Births Deaths The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. Kali Yuga ( Devanāgarī: sa कलियुग lit "Age of Kali " "age of vice" is one of the four stages of development that the world goes The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays was a after Ansei and before Bunkyū. This period spanned the years from 1860 to 1861. was a after Man'en and before Genji. This period spanned the years from 1861 through 1864 The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Mehmed VI ( Turkish: Mehmed Vahideddin or Mehmet Vahdettin) ( January 14 1861 May 16 1926) was the 36th and The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with 1926)
• January 30 - Charles Martin Loeffler, American composer (d. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1648 - Eighty Years' War: The Treaty of Münster is signed ending the conflict between the Netherlands and Spain Charles Martin Loeffler ( January 30, 1861 – May 19, 1935) was a German-born American Composer. 1935)
• February 12 - Lou Andreas-Salome, Russian-born author (d. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Lou Andreas-Salomé (née Louise von Salomé) ( February 12, 1861 St 1937)
• February 15 - Charles Edouard Guillaume, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Charles Édouard Guillaume ( February 15 1861, Fleurier &ndash May 13 1938, Sèvres) was a French-Swiss Physicist The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik is awarded once a year by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. 1938)
• February 26 - King Ferdinand of Bulgaria (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Ferdinand I Tsar of Bulgaria (February 26 1861 - September 10 1948 born Prince Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, was the Prince Regnant 1948)
• February 27 - Rudolf Steiner, Austrian philosopher (d. Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Rudolf Steiner ( 25 February 1861 – 30 March 1925) was an Austrian philosopher literary scholar educator artist playwright 1925)
• April 8 - Son, Byong-Hi, Korean nationalist (d. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Son Byong-hi ( April 8, 1861 - May 19, 1922) was a Korean nationalist 1922)
• April 15 - Bliss Carman, Canadian poet (d. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Bliss Carman FRSC ( April 15 1861 - June 8, 1929) was a preeminent Canadian Poet. 1929)
• May 7 - Rabindranath Tagore, Indian writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature 1941)
• May 11 - Frederick Russell Burnham, American Scout, father of international scouting movement (d. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Frederick Russell Burnham, DSO (May 11 1861 – September 1 1947 was an American scout and world traveling adventurer known for his service to the 1947)
• June 12 - William Attewell, English cricketer (d. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1381 - Peasants' Revolt: in England, rebels arrive at Blackheath. William Attewell (commonly known as "Dick" Attewell; born June 12 1861, Keyworth, Nottinghamshire, England; died 1927)
• June 19 - Doctor Jose Rizal, Philippine national hero (d. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Dr José P Rizal (full name José Protacio Rizal Mercado y Alonso Realonda) (June 19 1861 – December 30 1896 was a Filipino Polymath, 1896)
• June 20 - Frederick Hopkins, English biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine (d. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins OM FRS ( June 20, 1861 Eastbourne, Sussex - May 16, 1947 Cambridge The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. 1947)

July - December

• September 10 - Niels Hansen Jacobsen, Danish sculptor and ceramist (d. Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Niels Hansen Jacobsen ( September 10 1861 - November 26 1941) was a Danish sculptor and Ceramist who is famous 1941)
• September 23 - Mary Elizabeth Coleridge, British poet and novelist (d. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Mary Elizabeth Coleridge ( 23 September, 1861 – 25 August, 1907) was a British Novelist and Poet, who also 1907)
• September 30 - William Wrigley Jr., U. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the William Wrigley Jr ( September 30, 1861 &ndash January 26, 1932) was a U S. chewing gum industrialist (d. 1932)
• October 4 - Frederic S. Remington, cowboy artist and sculptor (d. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Frederic Sackrider Remington ( October 4, 1861 - December 26, 1909) was an American painter, Illustrator, 1909)
• October 16 - J. B. Bury, British historian (d. Year 1909 ( MCMIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western John Bagnell Bury ( 16 October 1861 &ndash 1 June 1927) known as J 1927)
• October 30 - Antoine Bourdelle, French sculptor (d. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Antoine Bourdelle, originally Émile Antoine Bourdelle, ( October 30, 1861 - October 1, 1929) was a French sculptor 1929)
• December 4 - Lillian Russell, American singer and vaudeville star (d. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Lillian Russell ( December 4[[ 860]] &ndash June 6 1922) was an American actress and Singer. 1922)
• November 6 - James Naismith, Canadian inventor of basketball (d. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with James A Naismith (November 6 1939)
• December 8 - Georges Méliès, French film director (d. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Georges Méliès ( December 8, 1861 &ndash January 21, 1938) full name Marie-Georges-Jean Méliès, was a French 1938)
• December 10 - Fridtjof Nansen, Norwegian explorer, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Fridtjof Wedel-Jarlsberg Nansen (October 10 1861 – May 13 1930 was a Norwegian Explorer, Scientist and Diplomat. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor 1930)
• December 15 - Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad ( December 15, 1861 &ndash February 29, 1944) was the President of Finland from 1931 to 1937 The Prime Minister (pääministeri Swedish: statsminister) is the Head of Government of Finland. The President of Finland is the Head of State of Finland. Under the Constitution of Finland, executive power is vested in the President and the 1944)
• December 16 - Antonio de La Gandara, French painter (d. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Antonio de La Gandara ( December 16, 1861 - June 30, 1917) was a painter Pastellist and draughtsman 1917)
• December 20 - Ivana Kobilca, Slovenian painter (d. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Ivana Kobilca ( December 20, 1861 - December 4, 1926) was a Slovene realist painter who lived worked and studied 1926)
• 'date unknown
  • William H. Stayton - American founder of the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment (d. Year 1926 ( MCMXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Captain William H Stayton founded the Association Against the Prohibition Amendment in 1918 and served as chairman of its board of directors The Association Against the Prohibition Amendment was established in 1918 and became a leading organization working for the Repeal of prohibition in the United States  ?)
  • Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar - Malayali Journalist and Short story writer (d. Vengayil Kunhiraman Nayanar (1861- 14th November 1914 was a Malayali journalist essay writer critic and short story writer For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and 1914)
  • Harro Magnussen - German sculptor (d. Year 1914 ( MCMXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Harro Magnussen (- was a German sculptor from Hamburg, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. 1908)

See also Category: 1861 births. Year 1908 ( MCMVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year

Deaths

January - June

• January 2 - Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (b. Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. Life Frederick William was educated by private tutors many of whom were experienced civil servants such as Friedrich Ancillon. 1795)
• January 17 - Lola Montez, Irish-born dancer and mistress of King Ludwig I of Bavaria (b. Year 1795 ( MDCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Eliza Rosanna Gilbert ( February 17, 1821 &ndash January 17, 1861) better known by the stage name Lola Montez, was an Irish Ludwig I (also rendered in English as Louis I) ( August 25 1786 in Strasbourg &ndash February 29, 1868 in Nice 1821)
• April 15 - Isaiah Stillman, Major in the Black Hawk War (b. Year 1821 ( MDCCCXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Cavalry Major Isaiah Stillman (1793&ndash 15 April 1861) led Illinois Militia in the first armed confrontation of the Black The Black Hawk War was fought in 1832 in the Midwestern United States. 1793)
• March 10 - Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet, nationalist, and founder of Ukrainian literature (b. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 241 BC - First Punic War: Battle of the Aegates Islands - The Romans sink the Carthaginian fleet bringing Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (Тарáс Григóрович Шевчéнко ( &ndash) was a Ukrainian Poet, Artist and humanist. Ukrainians (Українці Ukrayintsi,) are an East Slavic Ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly— Citizens Ukrainian literature refers to Literature written in the Ukrainian language. 1814)
• May 29 - Joachim Lelewel, Polish nationalist historian (b. Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the Joachim Lelewel ( Warsaw, March 22, 1786 – May 29, 1861, Paris) was a Polish Historian and 1786)
• June 3 - Stephen A. Douglas, U. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, proclaims himself Roman Emperor, entering Stephen Arnold Douglas ( April 23, 1813 - June 3, 1861) was an American politician from the western state of Illinois, and S. Senator from Illinois and Presidential candidate (b. 1813)
• June 25 - Abd-ul-Mejid, Ottoman Sultan (b. Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 524 - Battle of Vézeronce, the Franks defeat the Burgundians Abdülmecid I ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد المجيد اول ‘Abdü’l-Mecīd-i evvel) ( April 23 1823 June 25 1861 The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ( Turkish: Osmanlı Hanedanı) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922 beginning with 1823)
• June 29 - Elizabeth Barrett Browning, English poet (b. Year 1823 ( MDCCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Elizabeth Barrett Browning ( March 6, 1806 &ndash June 29, 1861) was one of the most respected Poets of the Victorian era 1806)

July - December

• July - Frances Longfellow, second wife of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
• July 25 - Jonas Furrer, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events in July The traditional period known as "fence month" (the closed season for deer in England ended July 9 (date varied Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (February 27 1807 &ndash March 24 1882 was an American educator and Poet whose works include " Paul Revere's Ride " Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Jonas Furrer ( March 3, 1805 - July 25, 1861) was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council (1848-1861 This is a list of members of the Swiss Federal Council (Schweizerischer Bundesrat Conseil fédéral suisse Consiglio federale svizzero Cussegl federal svizzer 1805)
• August 12 - Eliphalet Remington, gunsmith and founder of Remington Arms (b. Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Eliphalet Remington ( October 28 1793 &ndash August 12 1861) designed the Remington rifle. Remington Arms is a major American manufacturer of Rifles Shotguns other Firearms, Revolvers and Ammunition. 1793)
• August 17 - Alcée Louis la Branche, American Politician (b. Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Alcée Louis la Branche (1806 &ndash August 17, 1861) was a member of the U 1806)
• August 24 - Pierre Berthier, French geologist (b. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Pierre Berthier ( July 3, 1782 &ndash August 24, 1861) was a French Geologist and mining engineer. 1782)
• October 5 - Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski, Polish bishop (b. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Antoni Melchior Fijałkowski ( Pszczew near Poznań, January 3, 1778 &ndash October 5, 1861, Warsaw) was the Archbishop 1778)
• November 11 - King Pedro V of Portugal (b. Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Ancestors 1837)
• December 14 - Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, husband of Queen Victoria (b. Year 1837 ( MDCCCXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1819)

See also Category: 1861 deaths. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year

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