Centuries:	18th century - 19th century - 20th century
Decades:	1840s  1850s  1860s  - 1870s -  1880s  1890s  1900s
Years:	1873 1874 1875 - 1876 - 1877 1878 1879

1859 in topic:

Subjects:     Archaeology - Architecture -

Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science

Sports - Rail Transport

Countries:     Australia - Canada - Germany - Ireland - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - U. The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular centuries and millennia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long. Events and Trends Industry Production of Steel revolutionized by invention of the Bessemer process Benjamin Silliman Events and trends Technology The First Transcontinental Railroad in the USA was completed in 1869 Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G Events and Trends Technology Development and commercial production of Electric lighting Development and commercial production of gasoline-powered The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the " Mauve Decade" because William Henry Perkin 's aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that This page indexes the individual Years pages Twenty-first century Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1859 in Archaeology Explorations Excavations Publications J M The year 1859 in architecture involved some significant events Events Frederic E Church 's The Heart of the Andes is exhibited in New York and draws 12000 paying visitors The year 1859 in literature involved some significant new books Events Works published Daniel Decatur Emmett, "Dixie's Land" Edmund Fitzgerald, The Rubáiyát of Omar Events March 4 - Charter of the French Opera House New Orleans, which opens on December 1 of the same year with a gala performance of The year 1859 in Science and Technology involved some significant events listed below Baseball A group in southern Ontario adopts the New York rules in place of the Canadian Events February events February 11 &ndash The Atchison and Topeka Railroad Company forerunner of the Atchison Topeka and Santa Fe Railway See also 1858 in Australia, other events of 1859, 1860 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history. See also 1858 in Canada, other events of 1859, 1860 in Canada and the List of 'years in Canada'. Events Irish general election. The Irish Times is founded Ulster Hall, concert venue in Belfast Incumbents Regal and Vice Regal Head of State - Queen Victoria Governor – Colonel Thomas Gore See also 1858 in South Africa, other events of 1859, 1860 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. S. - UK

Leaders:   State leaders - Colonial governors

Category: Establishments - Disestablishments

Births - Deaths - Works v • d • e

Year 1859 (MDCCCLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). Incumbents Monarch - Victoria of the United Kingdom Prime Minister - Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby, 1858 state leaders - Events of 1859 - 1860 state leaders - State leaders by year ---- Portugal Angola - José Rodrigues Coelho do Amaral, Governor-General of Angola ( 1854 &ndash 1860) Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Saturday ( Dominical letter B) The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today This is the Calendar for any Common year starting on Thursday ( Dominical letter D) The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita

Contents 1 Events of 1859 1.1 January - March 1.2 April - June 1.3 July - September 1.4 October - December 1.5 Undated 1.6 Ongoing events 2 Births 2.1 January - June 2.2 July - December 3 Deaths 3.1 January - June 3.2 July - December 4 References

Events of 1859

January - March

• January 24 - Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexander John Cuza under the name Romania (see December 1, 1918 for the final unification, Transylvania and other regions were still missing at this time). Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians Alexander Joan Cuza (a common old English rendition of Alexandru Ioan Cuza; March 20, 1820 – May 15, 1873) was a Moldavian Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Events 800 - Charlemagne judges the accusations against Pope Leo III in the Vatican Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• January 28 - The city of Olympia is incorporated in the state of Washington in the United States of America. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Olympia is the Capital of Washington and is the County seat of Thurston County. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
• February 14 - Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government
• February 27 - US congressman Daniel Sickles shoots Philip Barton Key for having an affair with his wife. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Daniel Edgar Sickles (October 20 1819 &ndash May 3 1914 was a colorful and controversial American politician Union General in the American Civil War Philip Barton Key ( April 5, 1818 – February 27, 1859) was a United States Attorney for the District of Columbia.
• March 9 - The army of Piedmont-Sardinia mobilizes against Austria, beginning the crisis which will lead to the Austro-Sardinian War. Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
• March 26 - A French amateur astronomer claims to have noticed a planet closer to the Sun than Mercury - later named Vulcan. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Vulcan was a small Planet proposed to exist in an Orbit between Mercury and the Sun in a 19th-century hypothesis

April - June

• April 20 - A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens is published. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. A Tale of Two Cities (1859 is the second Historical novel by Charles Dickens, set in London and Paris before and during the
• April 25 - Ground is broken for the Suez Canal. Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation
• April 26 - Austro-Sardinian War - Giuseppe Garibaldi's Hunters of the Alps confront Austrian forces led by Field Marshal-Lieutenant Carl Baron Urban at Varese. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Garibaldi redirects here for other meanings see Garibaldi (disambiguation. The Hunters of the Alps (Cacciatori delle Alpi were a special military corps created by Giuseppe Garibaldi in Cuneo on February 20, 1859 See Edgard Varèse for the composer Varese (vaˈreze in Italian Varès in the local Lombard Dialect;
• April 28 - The Pomona is wrecked off the English coast, with 424 dead
• April 29 - Austrian troops begin to cross the Ticino River to Piedmont. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Events 1429 - Joan of Arc arrives to relieve the Siege of Orleans. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The River Ticino (Tessin Latin: Ticinus) is a Tributary of the Po. Piedmont ( Piemonte; Piedmontese and Occitan: Piemont; French: Piémont) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy.
• May 4 - Cornwall Railway opened across the Royal Albert Bridge linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV The Cornwall Railway was a Broad gauge (7 feet 025 inch railway from Plymouth in Devon to Falmouth in Cornwall, United The Royal Albert Bridge (sometimes called the Brunel Bridge or Saltash Bridge) spans the River Tamar in the United Kingdom between Devon is a large county in the South West of England. The county is also referred to as Devonshire, but that is an entirely unofficial name Cornwall ( Kernow ˈkɛɹnɔʊ is the most southwesterly county of England, on the Peninsula that lies to the west of the River Tamar England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• May 5 - Border Treaty between Brazil and Venezuela: The two countries agreed their borders should be traced at the water divide between the Amazon and the Orinoco basins. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Amazon River (Rio Amazonas Río Amazonas of South America is the largest river in the world by volume with a total river flow greater than the next top ten largest rivers ORiNOCO is the brand name that was used for a family of wireless networking solutions by Proxim (previously Lucent) ^[1]
• May 21 - The bell Big Ben first activated. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. The Clock Tower is the world's largest four-faced chiming Clock.
• May 22 - Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his 23-year-old son Francis II of the Two Sicilies. Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Ferdinand II ( Ferdinando Carlo, January 12, 1810 &ndash May 22, 1859) was the King of the Two Sicilies from 1830 until Francis II ( in Italian Francesco II christened Francesco d'Assisi Maria Leopoldo, January 16, 1836 – December 27, 1894)
• May 30 - Sardinians defeat the Austrian army at Battle of Palestro. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Battle of Palestro was fought on May 30, 1859 between Austria and the combined forces of France and Sardinia.
• June 4 - Battle of Magenta in Austro-Sardinian War - French and Sardinians defeat Austrians. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. The Battle of Magenta was fought on June 4, 1859 during the Second Italian War of Independence, resulting in a French-Sardinian victory under The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
• June 6 - The British Crown colony of Queensland in Australia is created by devolving part of the territory of New South Wales (Queensland Day). Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Queensland Day is officially celebrated as the birthday of the Australian state of Queensland
• June 15 - The so called Pig War border dispute between the Americans and the British on the San Juan Islands begins by the death of the namesake pig. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history The Pig War was a confrontation in 1859 between American and British authorities over the boundary between the United States and British North America. The San Juan Islands are a part of the San Juan Archipelago in the northwest corner of the continental United States.
• June 24 - Battle of Solferino: Kingdom of Sardinia and Napoleon III of France armies defeat Franz Josef I of Austria in northern Italy. Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place The Battle of Solferino was fought on June 24, 1859 and resulted in the victory of the allied French Army under Napoleon III and Sardinian Kingdom of Sardinia, also known as Piedmont-Sardinia or Sardinia-Piedmont, was the name given to the possessions of the House of Savoy in 1720 when the Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President Franz Joseph I Karl (- German, in English Francis Joseph I Charles, see the name in other languages) (18 August 1830 &ndash 21 November Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Battle inspires Henri Dunant to found the Red Cross. Jean Henri Dunant ( May 8, 1828 &ndash October 30, 1910) aka Henry Dunant or Henri Dunant, was a Swiss The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an International humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers worldwide who stated
• June 30 - Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope for the first time. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Jean François Gravelet-Blondin ( 28 February 1824 &ndash 19 February 1897) French tight-rope walker and acrobat The Niagara Falls are massive Waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario

July - September

• July 1 - First intercollegiate baseball game is played, between Amherst and Williams Colleges. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Amherst College is a private liberal arts college in Amherst, Massachusetts, USA. Williams College is a highly selective private liberal arts college located in Williamstown, Massachusetts.
• July 8
  • Charles XV succeeds his father Oscar I King of Sweden and Norway (as Charles IV). Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Biography He was born in Stockholm Palace and dubbed Duke of Skåne at birth Oscar I, born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte ( July 4, 1799, Paris &ndash July 8, 1859, Stockholm "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional
  • Armistice between Austria and others. An armistice is a situation where the warring parties agree to stop fighting Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
• July 11 - By the preliminary treaty signed at Villafranca, Italy, Lombardy is ceded to the French (who immediately cede it to Sardinia), while the Austrians keep Venetia and the French promise to restore the Central Italian rulers expelled in the course of the war. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the This brings the Austro-Sardinian War effectively to a close. The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
• August 27 - Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in the United States, near Titusville, Pennsylvania. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Edwin Laurentine Drake ( March 29, 1819 &ndash November 9, 1880) also known as Colonel Drake, was an American West Texas PumpjackJPG|thumb|right|300px|This Pumpjack located south of Midland TX is a common sight in West Texas. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Titusville is a city in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, United States.
• August 28 - September 2 - Great geomagnetic solar superstorm, which caused the Northern lights aurora to be visible as far south as Cuba and knocked out telegraph communication. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.

October - December

• October 16 - John Brown raids the Harpers Ferry Armory in Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in an unsuccessful bid to spark a general slave rebellion. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery The Harpers Ferry Armory, more formally the United States Armory and Arsenal at Harpers Ferry, located in Harpers Ferry West Virginia (then part of Virginia Harpers Ferry redirects here For other uses see Harpers Ferry (disambiguation. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state
• October 18 - Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee overpower Brown at the Federal arsenal. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Robert Edward Lee (January 19 1807 &ndash October 12 1870 was a career United States Army officer, an Engineer, and among the most celebrated John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery
• October 26 - The steamship Royal Charter is wrecked on the coast of Anglesey, Wales with 454 dead. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death The Royal Charter was a Steam clipper which was wrecked on the east coast of Anglesey on 26 October 1859. History There are numerous Megalithic monuments and Menhirs present on Anglesey testifying to the presence of mankind in prehistory
• November 1 - The current Cape Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse was lighted for the first time. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi This article is about the Cape Lookout in North Carolina See Cape Lookout for other places with a similar name North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States A lighthouse is a Tower, building or framework designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses or in older times from a fire and used as an Its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for nineteen miles. A Fresnel lens (pronounced or) is a type of lens invented by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel.
• November 10 - The Treaty of Zürich, reaffirming the terms of Villafranca, brings the Austro-Sardinian War to an official close. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw The Treaty of Zurich was signed by the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia (allied to the French Empire) on November 10, 1859 The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia
• 24 November - The French Navy's La Gloire ("Glory"), the first ocean-going ironclad warship in history, is launched. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal See also French ship ''Gloire'' for eponymous ships
• November 24 - British naturalist Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species, a book which argues that species gradually evolve through natural selection. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Charles Darwin 's On the Origin of Species (published 24 November 1859) is a seminal work in Scientific literature and arguably the In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. eVolution is the third Album by eLDee, it was due to be released in 2008 Natural selection is the process by which favorable Heritable traits become more common in successive Generations of a Population of (It immediately sold out its initial print run. )
• December 2 - Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is hanged for his October 16th raid on Harper's Ferry. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Harpers Ferry redirects here For other uses see Harpers Ferry (disambiguation.
• December 2 - Georges-Pierre Seurat born. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Georges-Pierre Seurat ( December 2, 1859  &ndash March 29, 1891) was a French painter and Draftsman.
• December 4 - Mekteb-i Mülkiye founded. "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Mekteb-i Mülkiye was a vocational high school in the Ottoman Empire, which was established on 28 January 1859
• December 10 - Ateneo de Manila University founded. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V The Ateneo de Manila University (also called " Ateneo de Manila " or simply "the Ateneo " is a private University run

Undated

• Pike's Peak Gold Rush. The Pike's Peak Gold Rush (later known as the Colorado Gold Rush) was the boom in Gold prospecting and mining in the Pike's Peak Country of western
• Island of Timor is divided between Portugal and the Netherlands. Timor is an Island at the south end of the Malay Archipelago, north of the Timor Sea. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands
• Rincon de Los Esteros Land Grant confirmed to Rafael Alvisa, (part of the present Santa Clara County, California. Rancho Rincon de Los Esteros is a Mexican Land Grant located within the present Santa Clara County California, on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay Santa Clara County is a County located in the San Francisco Bay Area of the U
• Codex Sinaiticus found by Constantin von Tischendorf on his third visit to the monastery of Santa Katerina, on Mount Sinai. Codex Sinaiticus (Shelfmarks and references London Brit Libr, Additional 43725 Gregory - Aland nº א (Aleph or 01, Soden Lobegott Friedrich Constantin (von Tischendorf ( January 18, 1815 &ndash December 7, 1874) was a noted German Biblical Saint Catherine's Monastery ( Greek:) on the Sinai Peninsula, at the mouth of an inaccessible gorge at the foot of Mount Sinai in Egypt is one For other places named Mount Sinai see Mount Sinai (disambiguation Mount Sinai (Arabic طور سيناء, Hebrew הר סיני also
• Bernhard Riemann formulates the Riemann hypothesis, one of the most important open problems of contemporary mathematics. The Riemann hypothesis (also called the Riemann zeta-hypothesis) first formulated by Bernhard Riemann in 1859 is one of the most famous and important unsolved
• Solar flares first observed on the Sun by English astronomer Richard Carrington. A solar flare is a violent explosion in a star's (like the Sun 's atmosphere releasing as much Energy as 6 × 1025 Joules Solar flares The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. Richard Christopher Carrington ( May 26 1826 &ndash November 27 1875) was an English amateur Astronomer who discovered
• Brisbane declared the capital of newly-made-separate colony Queensland, Australia. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
• University of Michigan Law School founded. The University of Michigan Law School ( Michigan Law) is the Law school of the University of Michigan, in Ann Arbor.

Ongoing events

• Second Opium War (1856-1860)
• Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864)
• Spanish-Moroccan War (1859) (until 1860)

Births

1859 in other calendars

Gregorian calendar	1859 MDCCCLIX
Ab urbe condita	2612
Armenian calendar	1308 ԹՎ ՌՅԸ
Bahá'í calendar	15 – 16
Berber calendar	2809
Buddhist calendar	2403
Burmese calendar	1221
Chinese calendar	4495/4555-11-28 (戊午年十一月廿八日) — to — 4496/4556-12-8 (己未年十二月初八日)
Coptic calendar	1575 – 1576
Ethiopian calendar	1851 – 1852
Hebrew calendar	5619 – 5620
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1914 – 1915
- Shaka Samvat	1781 – 1782
- Kali Yuga	4960 – 4961
Holocene calendar	11859
Iranian calendar	1237 – 1238
Islamic calendar	1275 – 1276
Japanese calendar	Ansei 6 (安政6年)
Korean calendar	4192
Thai solar calendar	2402
v • d • e

January - June

• January 11 - Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman and Viceroy of India (d. The Second Opium War, the Second Anglo-Chinese War, the Arrow War, or the Anglo-French expedition to China, was a war of the United Kingdom Year 1856 ( MDCCCLVI) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting The Taiping Rebellion or Rebellion of Great Peace was a large-scale Revolt against the authority and forces of the Qing Government in China 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Ab Urbe condita (literally "from The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Calendar Events Births Deaths Calendar Events Births Deaths The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. Kali Yuga ( Devanāgarī: sa कलियुग lit "Age of Kali " "age of vice" is one of the four stages of development that the world goes The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری ‎ Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays was a after Kaei and before Man'en. This period spanned the years from 1854 through 1860. The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King Events 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire. George Nathaniel Curzon 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, KG, GCSI, GCIE, PC ( 11 January 1859 &ndash 20 March The Governor-General of India (or from 1858 to 1947 the Viceroy and Governor-General of India) was the head of the British administration in India, and 1925)
• January 27 - Wilhelm II of Germany, last Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (d. Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva. A list of rulers of the former German state of Prussia, originally territories on the Baltic Sea which the Teutonic Knights had conquered from Poland and Lithuania 1941)
• February 1 - Victor Herbert, Irish-born composer (d. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Victor August Herbert ( February 1 1859 &ndash May 26 1924) was a Cellist, conductor and Composer best known 1924)
• February 3 - Hugo Junkers, German industrialist and aircraft designer (d. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Hugo Junkers ( 3 February 1859 - 3 February 1935) was an innovative German Engineer, as his many Patents 1935)
• February 6 - Elias Disney, American farmer and father of Walt Disney (d. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Elias Disney ( February 6, 1859 &ndash September 13, 1941) was the father of Walt Disney. Walter Elias Disney (December 5 1901 – December 15 1966 was a multiple Academy Award -winning American Film producer, director, Screenwriter 1941)
• February 14 - Henry Valentine Knaggs, English physician and author (d. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Henry Valentine Knaggs ( February 14, 1859 – July 11, 1954) was an English doctor and Author. 1954)
• February 16 - George Washington Gale Ferris, Jr., inventor of the Ferris wheel (d. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 1249 - Andrew of Longjumeau is dispatched by Louis IX of France as his ambassador to meet with the Khan of the Mongols George Washington Gale Ferris Jr ( February 14, 1859 - November 22, 1896) invented the Ferris wheel, for the 1893 Chicago A Ferris wheel (also known as an observation wheel or big wheel) is a Nonbuilding structure consisting of an upright wheel with passenger gondolas attached 1896)
• February 19 - Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 197 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus defeats usurper Clodius Albinus in the Battle of Lugdunum Svante August Arrhenius ( February 19, 1859 &ndash October 2, 1927) was a Swedish Scientist, originally a Physicist The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature 1927)
• February 28 - Florian Cajori, Swiss historian of mathematics (d. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Florian Cajori ( February 28 1859 in St Aignan (near Thusis Graubünden, Switzerland &mdash August 15, 1930, Berkeley 1930)
• March 2 - Sholom Aleichem, Ukrainian Yiddish novelist (d. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Sholem Aleichem (שלום־עליכם Шолом-Алейхем &ndash May 13, 1916) was the Pen name of Sholem Naumovich Rabinovich the popular 1916)
• March 4 - Alexander Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Alexander Stepanovich Popov (Александр Степанович Попов (Gregorian March 16 1859 - January 13 1906, Julian March 1905)
• March 8 - Kenneth Grahame, English author (d. Year 1905 ( MCMV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1618 - Johannes Kepler discovers the third law of planetary motion. Kenneth Grahame ( March 8, 1859 – July 6, 1932) was a British Writer, most famous for The Wind in the Willows 1932)
• March 12 - Abraham H. Cannon, American Morman apostle (d. Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Abraham Hoagland Cannon ( March 12, 1859 – July 19, 1896) (also reported as Abram H 1896)
• March 26 - Alfred Edward Housman, English poet (d. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Alfred Edward Housman (ˈhaʊsmən 26 March 1859 – 30 April 1936 usually known as A 1936)
• April 8 - Edmund Husserl, Austrian philosopher (d. Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Edmund Gustav Albrecht Husserl (ˈhʊsɛrl April 8 1859 – April 26 1938) was a philosopher, known as the father of 1938)
• May 15 - Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Pierre Curie (15 May 1859 &ndash 19 April 1906 was a French physicist, a pioneer in Crystallography, Magnetism, Piezoelectricity The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature 1906)
• May 22 - Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Scottish writer (d. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 334 BC - The Greek army of Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of the Granicus. Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930 was an Anglo-Scottish Author most noted for his stories about the 1930)

July - December

• July 6 - Verner von Heidenstam, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1930 ( MCMXXX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display 1930 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam ( July 6, 1859 &ndash May 20, 1940) was a Swedish poet and novellist a laureate of the The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred 1940)
• July 11 (June 29 Julian Calendar) - Peter Verigin, Doukhobor leader (d. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita Peter Vasilevich Verigin (Пётр Васильевич Веригин often known as Peter "Lordly" Verigin ( - October 29 1924 was a Russian Philosopher The Doukhobors or Doukhabors (Духоборы Dukhobory) earlier Dukhobortsy (Духоборцы are a Christian group of Russian 1924)
• August 4 - Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Knut Hamsun, born Knud Pedersen ( August 4, 1859 - February 19, 1952) was a Norwegian author. The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred 1952)
• October 9 - Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer (d. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. Alfred Dreyfus (9 October 1859 &ndash 12 July 1935 was a French artillery officer of Jewish background whose trial and conviction in 1894 on charges of treason 1935)
• October 18 - Henri Bergson, French philosopher, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature (d. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred 1941)
• October 21 - Francesc Macià, President of the Catalan Generalitat (d. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Francesc Macià i Llussà ( October 21, 1859 - December 25, 1933) was a Catalan soldier politician and President of the 1933)
• November 14 - Alexandru Averescu, Romanian soldier and politician (d. Year 1933 ( MCMXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Alexandru Averescu ( &mdash October 2 1938 was a Romanian marshal and populist politician 1938)
• November 19 - Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer (d. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land Mikhail Mikhailovich Ippolitov-Ivanov (Russian Михаил Михайлович Ипполитов-Иванов ( &ndash January 28, 1935) was a Russian 1935)
• November 23 - Billy the Kid, Outlaw (d. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Henry McCarty (November 23 1859—July 14 1881 better known as Billy the Kid, but also known by the aliases Henry Antrim and William H July 14, 1881)
• December 2 - Georges Seurat, French painter (d. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Georges-Pierre Seurat ( December 2, 1859  &ndash March 29, 1891) was a French painter and Draftsman. 1891)
• December 15 - L. L. Zamenhof, Russo-Polish initiator of Esperanto (d. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 533 - Byzantine general Belisarius defeats the Vandals, commanded by King Gelimer, at the Battle of Ludwig Lazarus Zamenhof (ˈzɑːmɨnhɒf in English born Eliezer Samenhof December 15 1859 &ndash April 14 1917 was an ophthalmologist, Philologist 1917)
• December 17 - Paul César Helleu, French artist (d. Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila Paul César Helleu ( December 17, 1859 - March 23, 1927) An artist born in Vannes, Brittany, France, best known 1927)
• date unknown
  • William Bliss Baker, American painter (d. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. William Bliss Baker (1859 - 1886-11-20) was an American artist born in New York City who was just beginning to hit his stride as a landscape painter in 1886)

Deaths

January - June

• January 28 - Frederick John Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl of Ripon PC (1 November 1782 &ndash 28 January 1859 Frederick John Robinson until 1827 The Viscount Goderich The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom 1782)
• February 13 - Eliza Acton, English cookery writer (b. Year 1782 ( MDCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Elizabeth 'Eliza' Acton (17 April 1799 - 13 February 1859 was an English poet and cook who produced one of the country's first cookbooks aimed at the domestic reader rather 1799)
• February 27 - Philip Barton Key, U. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Philip Barton Key ( April 5, 1818 – February 27, 1859) was a United States Attorney for the District of Columbia. S. District Attorney (b. A district attorney (DA is in some US jurisdictions the title of the local public official who represents the government in the prosecution of alleged criminals 1818)
• April 16 - Alexis de Tocqueville, French historian (b. Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom 1805)
• May 6 - Alexander von Humboldt, German naturalist and geographer (b. Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. (September 14 1769 &ndash May 6 1859 was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister philosopher and linguist 1769)
• June 11 - Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, Austrian diplomat (b. Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1184 BC - Trojan War: Troy is sacked and burned according to the calculations of Eratosthenes. 1773)
• June 23 - Maria Pavlovna of Russia, Grand duchess of Saxe-Weimar Eisenach (b. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (Мария Павловна February 16, 1786 – June 23, 1859) was the third daughter of Paul 1786)

July - December

• July 8 - Oscar I, King of Sweden and Norway (b. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Oscar I, born Joseph François Oscar Bernadotte ( July 4, 1799, Paris &ndash July 8, 1859, Stockholm 1799)
• August 2 - Horace Mann, American educator and abolitionist (b. Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 338 BC - A Macedonian army led by Philip II defeated the combined forces of Athens and Thebes in the This article is about an early leader in education for the private school located in New York City see Horace Mann School. 1796)
• September 15 - Isambard Kingdom Brunel, British engineer (b. Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Isambard Kingdom Brunel, FRS (9 April 1806 &ndash 15 September 1859 (ˈɪzəmbɑrd ˈkɪŋdəm brʊˈnɛl was a British Engineer. 1806)
• September 28 - Carl Ritter, German geographer, (b. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Carl Ritter ( August 7, 1779 &ndash September 28, 1859) was a German geographer 1779)
• October 4 - Karl Baedeker, German author and publisher (b. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas Karl Baedeker ( 3 November, 1801 &ndash 4 October, 1859) was a German Publisher whose company Baedeker 1801)
• October 22 - Louis Spohr, German violinist and composer (b. Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Louis Spohr ( April 5, 1784 &ndash October 22, 1859) was a German Composer, Violinist and conductor. 1784)
• November 28 - Washington Irving, American author (b. Year 1784 ( MDCCLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Washington Irving (April 3 1783 – November 28 1859 was an American Author, essayist, biographer and historian of the early 19th 1783)
• December 2 - John Brown, American abolitionist (hanged) (b. Year 1783 ( MDCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery 1800)
• December 8 - Thomas de Quincey, English writer (b. Year -of the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar until Friday, but 12 days ahead since Saturday. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Thomas de Quincey (15 August 1785 &ndash 8 December 1859 was an English author and intellectual best known for his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater 1785)
• December 16 - Wilhelm Grimm, German writer (b. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Wilhelm Carl Grimm ( February 24, 1786 &ndash December 16 1859) was a German author the younger of the Brothers Grimm 1786)
• date unknown - Abderrahmane, Sultan of Morocco (b. Year 1786 ( MDCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Moulay Sharif Abderrahmane (Abd-al-Rahman(عبد الرحمان was Sultan of Morocco from 1822 to 1859 This is a partial list of rulers in Morocco, including the historical precursors to the modern state 1778)

See also Category: 1859 deaths. Year 1778 ( MDCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or

References

1. ^ http://html.rincondelvago.com/venezuela_4.html Problemas Limítrofes de Venezuela (In Spanish)

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