As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th Century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700 in the Gregorian calendar. A millennium (pl millennia) is a period of Time equal to one thousand Years (from Latin la mille, thousand and la annum The second millennium is a period of time that commenced on January 1, 1001, and ended on December 31, 2000. A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them For other uses see Time (disambiguation Time is a component of a measuring system used to sequence events to compare the durations of A century (from the Latin centum, meaning one hundred is One hundred consecutive Years Centuries are numbered ordinally (e The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today

The 17th Century falls into the Early Modern period of Europe and was characterized by the Baroque cultural movement, the French Grand Siècle dominated by Louis XIV, and the beginning of modern science and philosophy, including the contributions of Galileo Galilei, René Descartes, Blaise Pascal, Isaac Newton; Europe was torn by warfare throughout the century, by the Thirty Years' War,^[1] the Great Turkish War, the end of the Dutch Revolt and the English Civil War among others, while European colonization of the Americas began in earnest. The early modern period is a term initially used by historians to refer mainly to the period roughly from 1500 to 1800 in Western Europe ( Early modern Europe) Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent The period which many historians of science call the Scientific Revolution can be roughly dated as having begun in 1543 the year in which Nicolaus Copernicus published Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Blaise Pascal (blɛz paskal (June 19 1623 &ndash August 19 1662 was a French Mathematician, Physicist, and religious Philosopher Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Great Turkish War refers to a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers then joined into a Holy League The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. The start of the European colonization of the Americas is typically dated to 1492 although there was at least one earlier colonization effort

Shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu is the founder of Japan's last shogunate, which lasted well into the 19th century. is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander"  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar

In the east, the 17th Century saw the flowering of the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires, the beginning of the Edo period in feudal Japan, and the violent transition from the Ming to the Qing Dynasty in China. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China

Events

1600s

• 1600: Charles I of England born to James VI of Scotland and Anne of Denmark. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Anne of Denmark (12 December 1574 – 2 March 1619 was Queen consort of James VI of Scots I of England and Ireland.

Catholic general Albrecht von Wallenstein.

• 1601: Battle of Kinsale, one of the most important battles in Irish history, fought. The Siege of Kinsale was the ultimate battle in England 's conquest of Gaelic Ireland.
• 1602: Dutch East India Company founded. The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian Its success contributes to the Dutch Golden Age. This article focuses on social and cultural history For political events see History of the Netherlands and Dutch Revolt (1568–1648
• 1603: Elizabeth I of England dies and is succeeded by her cousin King James VI of Scotland, uniting the crowns of Scotland and England. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• 1603: Tokugawa Ieyasu seizes control of Japan and establishes the Tokugawa Shogunate which rules the country until 1868.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap
• 1603-23: After modernizing his army, Abbas I expands the Safavid Empire by capturing territory from the Ottomans and the Portuguese. Shāh ‘Abbās I or Shāh ‘Abbās the Great ( (born January 27, 1571; died January 19, 1629) was Shah of Iran and the most eminent The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta
• 1605: Gunpowder Plot failed in England. The Gunpowder Plot of 1605 or the Powder Treason, as it was known at the time was a failed Assassination attempt by a group of provincial English England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• 1606: The Long War between the Ottoman Empire and Austria is ended with the Peace of Zsitvatorok. For other conflicts called the Long War see Long War. The Long War or Thirteen Years' War ( July 29, 1593 - The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The Peace of Zsitvatorok (Zsitvatoroki béke Žitavský mier Zitvatorok Anlaşması was a Peace treaty which ended the Fifteen Years' War between the Ottoman
• 1606: Captain Willem Janszoon and his crew aboard the Dutch East India Company ship Duyfken becomes the first recorded Europeans to sight and make landfall in Australia. Not to be confused with Willem Janszoon Blaeu (1571-1638 a contemporary Dutch cartographer Willem Janszoon (c Voyages In 1596 a ship named "Duyfken" sailed in the first expedition to Bantam, the crew was captured by the islanders For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics.
• 1607: Jamestown, Virginia, is settled as what would become the first permanent English colony in North America. Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• 1608: Quebec City founded by Samuel de Champlain in New France (present-day Canada). Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
• 1609: The Netherlands and Spain agree to a Twelve Years' Truce in the Eighty Years' War. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries The Twelve Years' Truce was the name given later to the 12-year period of Ceasefire within the Eighty Years' War in the Netherlands from March The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries
• 1609: Pedro de Peralta, a later governor of New Mexico, establishes the settlement of Santa Fe. The following is a list of governors of the Province of New Mexico under the Viceroyalty of New Spain. Santa Fe ( Navajo: Yootó is the Capital of the state of New Mexico.
• 1609: Maximilian of Bavaria establishes the Catholic League. Not to be confused with King Maximilian I of Bavaria (1756-1825 prince-elector of Bavaria (as Maximilian IV Joseph. Background In 1555 the Peace of Augsburg was signed which confirmed the result of the First Diet of Speyer (1526 and ended the violence between the Lutherans

1610s

• 1613: The Time of Troubles in Russia ends with the establishment of the House of Romanov which rules until 1917. For the Dungeons & Dragons plotline see Time of Troubles (Forgotten Realms. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The House of Romanov (Рома́нов rʌˈmanəf was the second and last imperial Dynasty of Russia, which ruled the country from 1613 to 1917 Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
• 1613-1617: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth is invaded by the Tatars dozens of times. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; ^[2]
• 1616: - The last remaining Moriscos (Moors who had nominally converted to Christianity) in the Spain are expelled. A morisco (Spanish " Moor -like" or mourisco (Portuguese was any Muslim of Spain or Portugal Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
• 1618: The Bohemian Revolt precipitates the Thirty Years' War which devastates Europe in the years 1618-48. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War.
• 1618: The Manchus start invading China. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in Their conquest eventually topples the Ming Dynasty. In 1618, Nurhaci announced his Seven Grievances (Ma nadan koro; Chinese qi da hen 七大恨 effectively declaring War against the Ming The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led

1620s

The Night Watch or The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq, 1642. Night Watch or The Night Watch (De Nachtwacht is the common name of one of the most famous works by Dutch painter Rembrandt Harmenszoon Oil on canvas; on display at the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

• 1620: Emperor Ferdinand II defeats the Bohemian rebels in the Battle of White Mountain. Ferdinand II Holy Roman Emperor ( July 9, 1578 &ndash February 15, 1637) of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Ferdinand II The Battle of White Mountain, November 8, 1620 ( Bílá hora is the name of White Mountain in Czech was an early Battle in the
• 1620: The Puritan Pilgrims arrive in the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock, Cape Cod. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, Pilgrims, or Pilgrim Fathers (or Pilgrim Mothers) is a name commonly applied to the early settlers of the Plymouth Colony in present-day Plymouth The Mayflower was the famous Ship that transported the English Separatists better known as the Pilgrims, from Southampton, England Plymouth Rock is the traditional site of disembarkation of William Bradford and the Mayflower Pilgrims who founded Plymouth Colony Cape Cod (or simply the Cape to most New Englanders is a Peninsula nearly coextensive with Barnstable County Massachusetts and forming the easternmost
• 1620-1621: Polish-Ottoman War over Moldavia. Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians
• 1622: Jamestown massacre: Algonquian natives kill 347 English settlers outside Jamestown, Virginia (1/3 of the colony's population) and burn the Henricus settlement. The Indian massacre of 1622 (also known as the Jamestown Massacre) occurred in the Virginia Colony on Good Friday, March 22, 1622. The Algonquian (also Algonkian, and pronounced both and) languages are a subfamily of Native American languages that includes most of the languages in the Algic England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 The "Citie of Henricus ", also known as Henricopolis or Henrico Town, was a city founded by Sir Thomas Dale in 1611 as an alternative
• 1624-42: As chief minister, Cardinal Richelieu centralizes power in France. This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov.
• 1625: New Amsterdam founded by the Dutch West India Company in North America. New Amsterdam (Nieuw Amsterdam was a 17th-century Dutch colonial settlement that later became New York City. Dutch West India Company ( Dutch: Geoctroyeerde Westindische Compagnie or GWC; English: Chartered West India Company was a company of
• 1626: St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican completed. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St
• 1627: Cardinal Richelieu lays siege to Protestant La Rochelle which eventually capitulates. This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov. La Rochelle is a city in western France, and a Seaport on the Bay of Biscay, a part of the Atlantic Ocean.
• 1629: Cardinal Richelieu allies with Swedish Protestant forces in the Thirty Years' War to counter Ferdinand II's expansion. This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. Ferdinand II Holy Roman Emperor ( July 9, 1578 &ndash February 15, 1637) of the House of Habsburg, reigned as Ferdinand II

1630s

• 1632: Battle of Lützen, death of king of Sweden Gustav II Adolf. The Battle of Lützen was one of the most decisive battles of the Thirty Years' War. Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden
• 1633: Galileo Galilei arrives in Rome for his trial before the Inquisition. Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The term Inquisition can refer to any one of several institutions charged with trying and convicting heretics within the Roman Catholic Church and
• 1634: Battle of Nördlingen results in Catholic victory. The Battle of Nördlingen (Schlacht bei Nördlingen Batalla de Nördlingen Slaget vid Nördlingen was fought on 27 August ( Julian calendar) or 6
• 1636: Harvard University is founded in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• 1639: Naval Battle of the Downs - Republic of the United Provinces fleet decisevely defeats a Spanish fleet in English waters. The naval Battle of the Downs took place on 31 October 1639 ( New style) during the Eighty Years' War and was a decisive defeat of the "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
• 1639-51: Wars of the Three Kingdoms, civil wars throughout Scotland, Ireland, and England. The Wars of the Three Kingdoms (sometimes known as the Wars of the Three Nations) formed an intertwined series of conflicts that took place in Scotland, Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists.

1640s

Utagawa Kuniyoshi, Miyamoto Musashi having his fortune told. Utagawa Kuniyoshi (Japanese 歌川国芳 ( 1797 - April 14, 1861) was one of the last great masters of the Japanese Ukiyo-e style (c 1584– June 13 ( Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645 also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or Print c. 1847-1853

• 1640: King Charles was compelled to summon Parliament due to the revolt of the Scots.
• 1640-68: The Portuguese Restoration War led to the end of the Iberian Union. Portuguese Restoration War (Guerra da Restauração was the name given after the 19th century by romantic historians to the war between Portugal and Castile Iberian Union is a modern day term that refers to the historical political unit that governed all of the Iberian peninsula south of the Pyrenees from 1580–1640
• 1640: Torture is outlawed in England. Torture, according to the United Nations Convention Against Torture, is "any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental is intentionally England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
• 1641: The Tokugawa Shogunate institutes Sakoku- foreigners are expelled and no one is allowed to enter or leave Japan. The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of Sakoku ( Japanese: 鎖国 literally "country in chains" or "lock up of country" was the Foreign relations policy of Japan under which
• 1641: The Irish Rebellion. The Irish Rebellion of 1641 began as an attempted Coup d'état by Irish Catholic gentry but developed into inter communal violence between native
• 1642: Dutch explorer Abel Janszoon Tasman achieves the first recorded European sighting of New Zealand. Abel Janszoon Tasman ( 1603 - October 10 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and Merchant. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island
• 1642-49: Civil War in England; Charles I is beheaded by Cromwell
• 1644: The Manchu conquer China ending the Ming Dynasty. The Manchu people ( Manchu: Manju;, Mongolian: Манж Russian: Маньчжуры are a Tungusic people who originated in China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led The subsequent Qing Dynasty rules until 1912. Not to be confused with Qin Dynasty, the first dynasty of Imperial China Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting
• 1644-1674: The Mauritanian Thirty-Year War. The Char Bouba war (variously transliterated as Sharr Bubba Shar Buba etc or the Mauritanian Thirty Years War, took place between 1644-74 in the tribal areas of
• 1645: The death of Miyamoto Musashi, legendary Japanese Samurai warrior of natural causes. (c 1584– June 13 ( Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645 also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or
• 1647-1652: The Great Plague of Seville. The Great Plague of Seville (1647–1652 was a massive outbreak of disease in Spain that killed up to a quarter of Seville 's population

Map of Europe in 1648 at the end of the Thirty Years' War. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War.

• 1648: The Peace of Westphalia ends the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War and marks the ends of Spain and the Holy Roman Empire as major European powers. The term Peace of Westphalia refers to the two peace treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, signed on May 15 and October 24 of For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. The Dutch Revolt, Eighty Years' War or the Revolt of the Netherlands (1568—1648 was the revolt of the Seventeen Provinces in the Low Countries Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in
• 1648-53: Fronde civil war in France. La Fronde (1648–1653 was a Civil war in France, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635 A civil war is a War between a State and domestic political actors that are in control of some part of the territory claimed by the state
• 1648-67: The Deluge wars leave Poland in ruins. The Deluge ( Polish: Potop, full Polish name is Potop Szwedzki Deluge''' is the name commonly assigned in the History Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland
• 1648-69: The Ottomans capture Crete from the Venetians after the Siege of Candia. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the The Most Serene Republic of Venice ((Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta or Repùblica de Venesia Serenissima Repubblica The Siege of Candia (modern Heraklion, Crete) was a military conflict in which Ottoman forces besieged the Venetian -ruled city and were ultimately
• 1649-1653: The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland. The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649-53 refers to the re-conquest of Ireland by the forces of the English Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell

1650s

• 1652: Cape Town founded by the Dutch East India Company in South Africa. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
• 1652: Anglo-Dutch Wars begin. The Anglo-Dutch Wars ( Dutch: Engels-Nederlandse Oorlogen or Engelse Zeeoorlogen) were fought in the 17th and 18th centuries between England
• 1655-61: The Northern Wars cement Sweden's rise as a Great Power. This article is about the 17th century war For 16th century war see Northern Seven Years' War ( 1563 – 1570) Sweden was between 1611 and 1718 one of the Great powers of Europe During the 17th century despite having scarcely more than 1 million inhabitants Sweden emerged as a Great Power after winning wars against Denmark–Norway,
• 1648: After his father Shah Jahan completes the Taj Mahal, his son Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the Mughal Empire. Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abu'l-Muzaffar Shihab ud-din Muhammad Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani Shah Jahan I Padshah Ghazi The Taj Mahal (tɑdʒ Aurangzeb ( (full title Al-Sultan al-Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abul Muzaffar Muhiuddin Muhammad Aurangzeb Bahadur Alamgir I Padshah Ghazi) ( November 4, The Mughal Empire ( Persian and self-designation گورکانی; مغلیہ سلطنت) was an Islamic imperial power which ruled most

1660s

• 1660: The Commonwealth of England ends and the monarchy is brought back during the English Restoration. The Commonwealth of England was the Republican government which ruled first England (including Wales) and then Ireland and Scotland The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored
• 1660: Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge founded. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660
• 1661: The reign of the Kangxi Emperor of China begins. The Kangxi Emperor ( Mongolian Enkh Amgalan Khaan, May 4, 1654 &ndash December 20, 1722) was the third Emperor of

Sultan Mehmed IV

• 1662: Koxinga captures Taiwan from the Dutch and founds the Kingdom of Tungning which rules until 1683. Mehmed IV ( Ottoman Turkish: محمد رابع Meḥmed-i rābi‘; also known as Avcı, "hunter" ( January 2, 1642 &ndash Koxinga ( Pe̍h-oē-jī: Kok-sèng-iâ/Kok-sìⁿ-iâ Lord with the Imperial Surname) is the traditional Western spelling of the popular appellation of Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Tungning was the first Han Chinese Government to rule Taiwan, between 1661 and 1683
• 1662: Jacques Aymar-Vernay, who later reintroduced Dowsing into popular use in Europe, is born. Jacques Aymar-Vernay (17th century was a stonemason from the village of Saint Marcellin in Dauphiné, France, who reintroduced Dowsing with Dowsing, sometimes called doodlebugging, divining or water witching, is a practice whereby dowsers attempt to locate hidden Water wells
• 1663: France takes full political and military control over its colonial possessions in New France. The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the The Viceroyalty of New France (Nouvelle-France was the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Hooke's microscope discovers cells
• 1664: British troops capture New Amsterdam and rename it New York. The City of New York
• 1665: The Great Plague of London. The Great Plague (1665-1666 was a massive outbreak of Disease in England that killed 75000 to 100000 people up to a fifth of London 's population
• 1665: Portugal defeats the Kongo Empire. The Portuguese Empire was the earliest and longest lived of the modern European colonial empires spanning almost six centuries from the capture of Ceuta The Kingdom of Kongo (1400 – 1914 ( Kongo: Kongo dya Ntotila or Wene wa Kongo) was an African kingdom located in west central Africa in what
• 1666: The Great Fire of London. This article is about the Great Fire of 1666 For other great fires in London see Early fires of London or Second Great Fire of London.
• 1667-99: The Great Turkish War halts the Ottoman Empire's expansion into Europe. The Great Turkish War refers to a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and contemporary European powers then joined into a Holy League The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
• 1668- Peace Treaty of Lisbon between Spain and Portugal recognizes Portugal as independent country. The Treaty of Lisbon of 1668 was signed on February 13, 1668 between Dom Pedro the Prince Regent of Portugal future king Peter II of Portugal, in the

1670s

• 1670: The Hudson's Bay Company is founded in Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
• 1672-1676: Polish-Ottoman War
• 1672: Rampjaar in the Netherlands - Combined attack by France, England and two German states on the Republic of the United Provinces
• 1672: Lynching of Johan de Witt and his brother Cornelis de Witt in the Hague - William III of Orange takes power. The rampjaar ("disaster year" was the year 1672 in Dutch history. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. Johan de Witt ( Dordrecht, Netherlands, 24 September 1625 &ndash The Hague, Netherlands, 20 August Cornelis de Witt ( ( 15 June 1623 – 20 August 1672) was a Dutch Politician. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy"
• 1672-78: Franco-Dutch War
• 1674: Maratha Empire founded in India by Shivaji. The Franco-Dutch War (1672&ndash1678 was a War fought between the Kingdom of France, Münster-->, Cologne--> and Kingdom of England The Maratha Empire ( Marathi: मराठा साम्राज्य Marāṭhā Sāmrājya; also transliterated Mahratta India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle ( Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले (Born February
• 1676: Russia and the Ottoman Empire commence the Russo-Turkish Wars. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Russo–Turkish War of 1676–1681, a war between the Russian and Ottoman Empires caused by the spreading Turkish Aggression in the

1680s

• 1680: The Pueblo Revolt drives the Spanish out of New Mexico until 1692. The' Pueblo Revolt of 1680 or Popé's Rebellion' was an uprising of many Pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in New Mexico ( is a state located in the southwestern region of the United States of America.
• 1682: Peter the Great becomes joint ruler of Russia (sole tsar in 1696). Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation.
• 1682: La Salle explores the length of the Mississippi River and claims Louisiana for France. René Robert Cavelier Sieur de La Salle, or Robert de LaSalle ( November 22, 1643 &ndash March 19, 1687) was a French The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America
• 1683: China conquers the Kingdom of Tungning and annexes Taiwan. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Kingdom of Tungning was the first Han Chinese Government to rule Taiwan, between 1661 and 1683 Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia.

Crimean Tatar soldier fighting with the soldier of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Qırım Hanlığı|قريم خانلغى Крымское ханство - Krymskoye khanstvo; The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Europe's steppe frontier was in a state of semi-permanent warfare until the 18th century. The Wild Fields (Russian Дикое Поле Ukrainian Дике Поле Polish Dzikie Pola is a term used in the documents of the 16th and 17th centuries to refer to the sparsely

• 1683: The Battle of Vienna finishes the Ottoman Empire's hegemony in south-eastern Europe. The Battle of Vienna ( German: Schlacht am Kahlenberg, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
• 1685: Edict of Fontainebleau outlaws Protestantism in France. The Edict of Fontainebleau (October 1685 was an Edict issued by Louis XIV of France, also known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes of Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. King Charles II dies
• 1687: Isaac Newton publishes Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica ( Latin: "mathematical principles of natural philosophy" often Principia
• 1688-89: After the Glorious Revolution, England becomes a constitutional monarchy and the Dutch Republic goes into decline. The Glorious Revolution, also called the Revolution of 1688, was the overthrow of King James II of England (VII of Scotland in 1688 by a union A constitutional monarchy, or a limited monarchy, is a form of Constitutional Government, wherein either an elected or hereditary Monarch is "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands.
• 1688-97: The Grand Alliance sought to stop French expansion during the Nine Years War. The Grand Alliance was a European Coalition, consisting (at various times of Austria, Bavaria, Brandenburg, England, the The Nine Years' War (1688–97 – often called the War of the Grand Alliance or the War of the League of Augsburg – was a major war of the late 17th
• 1689: The Treaty of Nerchinsk established a border between Russia and China. The Treaty of Nerchinsk (Russian Нерчинский договор Chinese 尼布楚 條約 Pinyin Níbùchǔ tiáoyuē was the first treaty between Russia and the Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National
• 1689: The Battle of Killiecrankie is fought between Jacobite and Williamite forces in Highland Perthshire

1690s

• 1692: Salem witch trials in Massachusetts. The Battle of Killiecrankie ( Scottish Gaelic -) was fought between highland Scottish clans supporting James II and VII and government troops (mostly lowland Williamite refers to the followers of King William III of England who deposed King James II in the Glorious Revolution. Perthshire ( Siorrachd Pheairt in Gaelic) officially the County of Perth, is a Registration county in central Scotland. The Salem witch trials were a series of hearings before local magistrates followed by county court Trials to prosecute people accused of Witchcraft in Essex The Massachusetts Bay Colony (sometimes called the Massachusetts Bay Company, for the institution that founded it was an English settlement on the east coast of North America
• 1693-1694: Famine in France kills 2 million. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
• 1696-1697: Famine in Finland wipes out almost a third of the population. This is an incomplete list of major Famines ordered by date A complete list will almost certainly never become available Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe.

Significant people

See also: English Restoration

Peter Paul Rubens, Anne of Austria, Queen of France, mother of King Louis XIV, 1622-1625

• Anne of Austria, Queen consort and regent of France (1601 - 1666)
• Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (1594-1632)
• Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan, lover of Louis XIV (1641 - 1707)
• Françoise d'Aubigné, Marquise de Maintenon, second wife of Louis XIV (1635 - 1719)

Elias Gottlieb Haussmann, Johann Sebastian Bach, 1748

• Guru Teg Bahadur, 9th Sikh Guru (1621 - 1675)
• Gabriel Bethlen, Hungarian prince of Transylvania (1580-1629)
• Shivaji Bhonsle, Hindu king, 1st Maratha ruler, established Hindavi Swaraj (1630-1680)
• Queen Christina of Sweden, high profile Catholic convert, matron of arts (1626 - 1689)
• Charles I of England (1600 - 1649)
• Charles II of England (1630 - 1685)
• Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1599 - 1658)
• Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland (1626 - 1712)
• Elizabeth I of England (1533 - 1603)

Galileo Galilei is often referred to as the Father of Modern Astronomy. The English Restoration, or simply The Restoration began in 1660 when the English monarchy, Scottish monarchy and Irish monarchy were restored For the queen consort of Sigismund III of Poland see Anna of Austria (1573-1598 For the queen consort of Philip II of Spain see Anna of Austria Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent For the queen consort of Sigismund III of Poland see Anna of Austria (1573-1598 For the queen consort of Philip II of Spain see Anna of Austria For the other Swedish kings known as Gustavus Adolphus see Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden or Gustav VI Adolf of Sweden The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a Françoise-Athénaïs de Rochechouart de Mortemart marquise de Montespan ( October 5, 1641 &ndash May 27, 1707) better known as Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Year 1707 ( MDCCVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Françoise d'Aubigné Scarron Marquise de Maintenon ( November 27, 1635 - April 15, 1719) was the Morganatic second wife of King Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Year 1719 ( MDCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Elias Gottlob Haussmann (also Haußmann or Hausmann (1695 &ndash 11 April 1774) was a German painter in the late Baroque era WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise" Guru Tegh Bahadur ( 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675) became the 9th Guru of Sikhism on Gabriel Bethlen (de Iktár (- English, Hungarian: Bethlen Gábor, Romanian: Gabriel Bethlen, German: Gabriel Shivaji Bhosle, also known as Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhosle ( Marathi: छत्रपती शिवाजीराजे भोसले (Born February Christina (Kristina Augusta ( – 19 April 1689 later known as Christina Alexandra and sometimes Countess Dohna, was Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Charles II (Charles Stuart 29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685 was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Oliver Cromwell (25 April 1599 Old Style &ndash 3 September 1658 Old Style) was an English military and political leader best known Lord Protector is a particular British title for Heads of State with two meanings (and full styles at different periods of history England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Richard Cromwell ( 4 October 1626 &ndash 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and the second Lord Protector Lord Protector is a particular British title for Heads of State with two meanings (and full styles at different periods of history England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Year 1712 ( MDCCXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study

• Tokugawa Ieyasu, The founder and first shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan, (1543 - 1616)
• James I of England (1566 - 1625)
• James II of England (1633 - 1701)

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the first person to use a microscope to view bacteria

• Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (1640 - 1705)
• Louis XIV, King of France (1638 - 1715)
• Mary II of England (1662 - 1694)
• Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and politician of Italian origin (1602 - 1661)

Miyamoto Musashi, Self-portrait, Samurai, writer and artist, c.  was the founder and first Shogun  of the Tokugawa shogunate is a military rank and historical title in Japan. The Japanese word for "general" it is made up of two Kanji words sho, meaning "commander" The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the, and the, was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the Shoguns of For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James James II of England and Ireland James VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 &ndash 16 September 1701 was King of England, King of Scots, Later that same year James Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (October 24 1632 &ndash August 30 1723 was a Dutch tradesman and Scientist from Delft, the Netherlands A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are Early life He was a younger brother of Ferdinand IV of Hungary and Mariana of Austria. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Year 1705 ( MDCCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Year 1715 ( MDCCXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Mary II (30 April 1662 &ndash 28 December 1694 reigned as Queen of England, Ireland and Scotland from 1689 until her death Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino ( July 14 1602 &ndash March 9 1661) was an accomplished French statesman (c 1584– June 13 ( Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645 also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or A Self-portrait is a representation of an artist drawn painted photographed or sculpted by the artist is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. 1640

Sir Isaac Newton at 46 in Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait. Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements Sir Godfrey Kneller 1st Baronet ( 8 August 1646 &ndash 19 October 1723) was the leading Portrait painter in England during

• André Le Nôtre, French landscape architect (1613 - 1700)
• Peter the Great, Russian tsar (1672 - 1725)
• Philip IV of Spain, Spanish king (1605 - 1665)
• Popé, Tewa religious leader, led the Pueblo Revolt (ca. André Le Nôtre ( March 12, 1613 &ndash September 15 1700) was a Landscape architect and the gardener of King Louis XIV Year 1725 ( MDCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and Popé ( Po'pay) (born ca 1630 - died ca 1688) was a Tewa Religious leader from Ohkay Owingeh (formerly known as San Juan The' Pueblo Revolt of 1680 or Popé's Rebellion' was an uprising of many Pueblos of the Pueblo people against Spanish colonization of the Americas in 1630 - ca. 1688)
• Samarth Ramdas, Hindu saint (1608 - 1681)
• Cardinal Richelieu, French cardinal, duke, and politician (1585 - 1642)

Self portrait by Rembrandt, c. Rāmdās ( Devanagari: रामदास (1608-1681 was a prominent Marāthi (मराठी religious poet in the Hindu tradition in Mahārāshtra This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. 1655.

• Michiel de Ruyter, Dutch admiral (1607 - 1676)
• Jan III Sobieski, King of Poland (1629 - 1696)
• Tessouat, Chief of the Algonquin
• Imre Thököly, prince of Transylvania, leader of the anti-Habsburg uprising in Hungary (1657 - 1705)
• Sant Tukaram, Hindu saint (1600 - 1650)
• Albrecht von Wallenstein, Catholic German general in the Thirty Years' War (1583 - 1634)
• William III of England (1650 - 1702), Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Republic of the United Provinces and King of England
• Johan de Witt, Grand Pensionary of the Republic of the United Provinces - 1625 - 1672

Probable self-portrait of Francisco Zurbarán as Saint Luke, c. Michiel Adriaenszoon de Ruyter ( 24 March 1607 – 29 April 1676) is one of the most famous Admirals in Dutch history John III Sobieski, (Jan III Sobieski (17 August 1629 - 17 June 1696 was one of the most notable monarchs of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Tessouat ( Anishinaabe: Tesswehas) ( c ??? &ndash 1636 / 1654) was an Algonquin chief from the Kitchesipirini The Algonquins (or Algonkins) are an aboriginal North American people speaking Algonquin, an Anishinaabe language. Count Imrich Tököly de Kesmarkium ( Thököly/Tököly/Tökölli Imre in Hungarian; or in Slovak Imrich Tököli according to his most frequent Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Year 1705 ( MDCCV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Tukārām was a prominent Marathi Sant and religious poet in the Hindu tradition in India. For the Mauritanian Thirty Years' War see Char Bouba war. For the band see The 30 Years War. William III or William of Orange (14 November 1650 &ndash 8 March 1702 He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy" Year 1702 ( MDCCII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year A Stadtholder ( Dutch: stadhouder, " steward " or literally "place-keeper" or "stead-holder" in older Dutch in the Low "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The Kings of Wessex, who conquered Kent and Sussex from Mercia in 825 became increasingly dominant over the other kingdoms of England during Johan de Witt ( Dordrecht, Netherlands, 24 September 1625 &ndash The Hague, Netherlands, 20 August The Grand Pensionary (Dutch raad(spensionaris) was the most important Dutch official during the time of the United Provinces. "United Netherlands" redirects here For the "Kingdom of the United Netherlands" see United Kingdom of the Netherlands. A Self-portrait is a representation of an artist drawn painted photographed or sculpted by the artist Francisco de Zurbarán ( November 7 1598 &ndash August 27 1664) was a Spanish painter. Luke the Evangelist ( Hebrew: לוּקָֻא Greek: Loukás) was an early Christian leader who is said by tradition to be the author of 1635-1640. ^[3]

Musicians and Composers

See also: List of Baroque composers

• Johann Christoph Bach, Composer and great-uncle of the genius, (1642–1703)
• Johann Sebastian Bach, German composer of genius(1685-1750)
• Georg Friedrich Handel, German Composer (1685-1759)
• Jean-Baptiste Lully, Italian-born French composer (1632 - 1687)
• Claudio Monteverdi, Italian composer of Renaissance and Baroque music, and possibly the first opera ever (1567 - 1643)
• Johann Pachelbel (1653–1706), German composer
• Henry Purcell, English composer (1659 - 1695)
• Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe, French composer and the subject of a 1991 film Tous les matins du monde (c. Composers of the Baroque era ordered by date of birth Brief Timeline Early Baroque era composers (born 1550–1600 Composers of the Early Baroque Johann Christoph Bach (December 6 1642 &ndash March 31 1703 was a German composer of the Baroque period Year 1703 ( MDCCIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section.2 This article is written in British English including maximised use of "-ise" Year 1750 ( MDCCL) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1759 ( MDCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Jean-Baptiste de Lully ( Giovanni Battista di Lulli) (ʒɑ̃batist də lyˈli in French (November 28 1632 &ndash March 22 1687 was a French Composer of Italian Year 1706 ( MDCCVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Henry Purcell (ˈpɜrsəl 10 September 1659 (? – 21 November 1695 was an English Baroque Composer. Monsieur de Sainte-Colombe (c 1640 - 1700 was a French Composer and violist. All the World's Mornings (Tous les matins du monde is a 1991 Novel by Pascal Quignard. 1640 - 1700)
• Antonio Vivaldi Italian composer (four seasons concerti) (1678-1741)

Visual artists

See also: Baroque painting and Baroque sculpture

• Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Italian sculptor, architect (1598 - 1680)
• Francesco Borromini, Italian sculptor, architect (1599-1667)
• Frans Hals (1580-1666)
• Bartolomé Esteban Murillo, Spanish painter (1617 - 1682)
• José de Ribera, Lo Spagnoletto (1591 - 1652)
• Rembrandt van Rijn, Dutch painter (1606 - 1669)
• Peter Paul Rubens, Flemish painter, 1577 – 1640
• Jan Steen (1626-1679)
• Ruisdael (1628-1682)
• Jiang Tingxi, Chinese painter, calligrapher, encyclopedist, foreign delegate to Japan (1669 - 1732)
• Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez, Spanish painter (1599-1660)
• Johannes Vermeer, Dutch Painter (1632 - 1675)
• Francisco Zurbarán, Spanish Painter (1598 - 1664)

Literature

See also: Elizabethan era and French literature of the 17th century

• Pedro Calderón de la Barca, Spanish dramatist (1600 - 1681)
• Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Spanish author (1574 - 1616)
• Pierre Corneille, French dramatist (1606 - 1684)
• Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (1636 - 1711)
• Daniel Defoe, English writer, novelist (1659 or 1661 - 1731)
• John Donne, English metaphysical poet (1572 - 1631)
• John Dryden, English poet, literary critic, translator, and playwright (1631 - 1700)
• Jean de La Fontaine, French poet (1621 - 1695)
• Andreas Gryphius, German poet and dramatist (1616 - 1664)
• John Milton, English author and poet (1608 - 1674)
• Molière, French dramatist, actor, director (1622 - 1673)
• Miyamoto Musashi, famous Samurai warrior in Japan, author of 'The Book of Five Rings,' a treatise on strategy and martial combat, poet, painter, (1584 - 1645)
• Samuel Pepys, English civil servant and diarist (1633 - 1703)
• Francisco de Quevedo, Spanish writer (1580 - 1645)
• Jean Racine, French dramatist (1639 - 1699)
• William Shakespeare, English author and poet (1564 - 1616)
• Félix Lope de Vega, Spanish playwrigth and poet (1562 - 1635)
• John Wilmot, 2nd Earl of Rochester, English poet (1647 - 1680)

Educators

• Seathrún Céitinn, Irish historian (ca. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Baroque painting is the Painting associated with the Baroque Cultural movement, a movement often identified with the existence of important Baroque Baroque sculpture is the Sculpture associated with the Baroque Cultural movement, a movement often identified with the existence of important Baroque art "Bernini" redirects here For people named Bernini see Bernini (surname. Francesco Borromini, byname of Francesco Castelli (b Bissone, Ticino, September 25, 1599; Rome, August 3, Frans Hals (c 1580– August 26, 1666) was a Dutch Golden Age painter especially famous for portraiture. This article is about the painter Bartolomé Esteban Murillo There is also an article on the Canadian village Murillo Ontario, which was named after the artist due to Jusepe de Ribera ( January 12, 1591 - 1652 was a Spanish Tenebrist painter and Printmaker, also known as José de Ribera in Spanish Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. Jan Havickszoon Steen (c 1626 – buried February 3 1679) was a Dutch genre painter of the 17th century (also known as the Dutch Jacob Izaaksoon van Ruisdael (or Ruysdael) (c 1628 - March 14, 1682) the most celebrated of the Dutch landscapists, was Jiang Tingxi ( 1669–1732 Courtesy name Yangsun (杨孙 was a Chinese painter, and an editor of the Encyclopedia Year 1732 ( MDCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez ( June 6, 1599 &ndash August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading Johannes or Jan Vermeer (baptized in Delft with the name Joannis on October 31 1632, and buried in the same city under the name Jan Francisco de Zurbarán ( November 7 1598 &ndash August 27 1664) was a Spanish painter. Romance and reality The Victorian era and the early twentieth century idealised the Elizabethan era French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici Pedro Calderón de la Barca y Henao ( January 17, 1600 &ndash May 25, 1681) was a Dramatist of the Spanish Golden Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( in modern Spanish; September 29, 1547 &ndash April 22, 1616) was a Spanish Novelist Pierre Corneille ( June 6, 1606 – October 1, 1684) was a French tragedian who was one of the three great seventeenth Century French Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux ( November 1 1636 - March 13, 1711) commonly called Boileau, was a French Poet and Year 1711 ( MDCCXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Daniel Defoe (1659/1661 — April 24, 1731 was an English Writer, Journalist, and Pamphleteer, who gained enduring fame for Year 1731 ( MDCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year John Donne (pronounced like done, dʌn 1572 – 31 March 1631 was a Jacobean poet preacher and a major representative of the Metaphysical poets The metaphysical poets were a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century who shared an interest in metaphysical concerns and a common way of investigating them John Dryden (– was an influential English poet Literary critic, Translator and playwright who dominated the literary life of Restoration England Andreas Gryphius ( October 11, 1616 - July 16, 1664) was a German lyric poet and dramatist John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and Jean-Baptiste Poquelin, also known by his Stage name, Molière, ( January 15, 1622 – February 17 1673) was a French (c 1584– June 13 ( Japanese calendar: May 19), 1645 also known as Shinmen Takezō, Miyamoto Bennosuke, or is the term for the military nobility of Pre-industrial Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is a text on Kenjutsu and the Martial arts in general written by the Samurai warrior Miyamoto Musashi circa 1645. A Strategy is a long term plan of action designed to achieve a particular goal, most often "winning Samuel Pepys, FRS (23 February 1633 – 26 May 1703 was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament, who is now most famous for Year 1703 ( MDCCIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Francisco Gómez de Quevedo y Santibáñez Villegas ( Madrid, September 14, 1580 &ndash Villanueva de los Infantes, September 8, Jean Racine ( ( December 22, 1639 &ndash April 21, 1699) was a French Dramatist, one of the "big three" of William Shakespeare ( baptised Lope de Vega (also Félix Lope de Vega y Carpio or Lope Félix de Vega Carpio) ( 25 November 1562 &ndash 27 August 1635 For other people of this name see John Rochester. John Wilmot 2nd Earl of Rochester ( April 1, 1647 &ndash July 26 Seathrún Céitinn, known in English as Geoffrey Keating, was a 17th century Irish Roman Catholic priest Poet and Historian 1569 - ca. 1644)
• Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh, Irish historian and genealogist (d. Dubhaltach MacFhirbhisigh, also known as Dubhaltach Óg Giolla Íosa Mór mac Dubhaltach Mór Mac Fhirbhisigh Duald Mac Firbis Dudly Ferbisie, and Dualdus Firbissius 1671)
• Xu Xiake, Chinese geographer (1587-1641)
• Song Yingxing, Chinese encyclopedist (1587-1666)

Exploration

See also: Exploration

• Samuel De Champlain, French Explorer
• Evliya Çelebi, Ottoman Explorer
• Henry Hudson, (1570? – 1611) was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century. Xu Xiake ( January 5 1587 — March 8 1641) born Xu Hongzu (徐弘祖 Courtesy name Zhenzhi (振之 Song Yingxing ( Traditional Chinese:宋應星 Simplified Chinese:宋应星 Wade Giles: Sung Ying-Hsing; 1587-1666 AD was a Chinese Samuel de Champlain (c 1575 - 25 December 1635) "The Father of New France " was a French navigator geographer cartographer Evliya Çelebi (اوليا چلبي the son of the imperial goldsmith Derviş Mehmed Zılli ( March 25 (? 1611 &ndash 1682 was the most famous Ottoman Henry Hudson' (1570 &ndash 1611 was an English Sea explorer and Navigator in the early 17th century England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Introduction This is a list of notable maritime explorers throughout the History of Humanity. A navigator is the person onboard a ship or aircraft responsible for its Navigation.
• Abel Janszoon Tasman, Dutch seafarer and explorer (1603 - 1659)
• Luis Váez de Torres, (c. Abel Janszoon Tasman ( 1603 - October 10 1659) was a Dutch seafarer, explorer, and Merchant. Luis Váez de Torres (born c 1565; fl 1607) was a 16th-17th century Spanish maritime explorer serving the Spanish Crown 1565-1607), Portuguese or Spanish Explorer. 16th-17th century exploration of the Pacific for Spain.

Science and Philosophy

See also: Scientific Revolution and Age of Reason

• Francis Bacon, English philosopher and politician (1561-1626)
• Sir Thomas Browne, English author, philosopher and scientist (1605-1682)
• Abraham Darby I, English Ironmaster, Introduced the first coke-consuming blast furnace (1678 – 1717)
• René Descartes, French philosopher and mathematician (1596 - 1650)
• Pierre de Fermat, French lawyer and mathematician 1601 – 1665
• Galileo Galilei, Italian natural philosopher (1564 - 1642)
• William Harvey, medical doctor (1578 – 1657)
• Thomas Hobbes, English philosopher and mathematician (1588 - 1679)
• Christiaan Huygens, Dutch mathematician, physicist and astronomer (1629 - 1695)
• Johannes Kepler, German astronomer (1571 - 1630)
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, the first person to use a microscope to view bacteria (1632 - 1723)
• Gottfried Leibniz, German philosopher and mathematician (1646 - 1716)
• John Locke, English philosopher (1632 - 1704)
• Isaac Newton, English physicist and mathematician (1642 - 1727)
• Blaise Pascal, French theologian, mathematician and physicist (1623 - 1662]]
• Baruch Spinoza, Dutch philosopher (1632 - 1677)

Inventions, discoveries, introductions

List of 17th century inventions

Major changes in philosophy and science take place, often characterized as the Scientific revolution. The period which many historians of science call the Scientific Revolution can be roughly dated as having begun in 1543 the year in which Nicolaus Copernicus published 17th century philosophy in the Western world is generally regarded as being the start of Modern philosophy, and a departure from the medieval approach Francis Bacon 1st Viscount St Alban KC QC (22 January 1561 – 9 April 1626 was an English Philosopher, Statesman, and author Sir Thomas Browne ( October 19, 1605 &ndash October 19, 1682) was an English author of varied works which disclose his wide learning Abraham Darby ( April 14, 1678 &ndash May 5, 1717) was the first and most famous of three generations with that name in an Year 1717 ( MDCCXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pierre de Fermat pjɛːʁ dəfɛʁ'ma ( 17 August 1601 or 1607/8 &ndash 12 January 1665) was a French Lawyer at the Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher William Harvey ( April 1, 1578 – June 3, 1657) was an English Physician who is credited with being the first in Thomas Hobbes (born 5 April 1588died 4 December 1679 was an English philosopher, whose famous 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation Christiaan Huygens (ˈhaɪgənz in English ˈhœyɣəns in Dutch) ( April 14, 1629 &ndash July 8, 1695) was a Dutch Johannes Kepler (ˈkɛplɚ ( December 27 1571 &ndash November 15 1630) was a German Mathematician, Astronomer Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (October 24 1632 &ndash August 30 1723 was a Dutch tradesman and Scientist from Delft, the Netherlands A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are Year 1723 ( MDCCXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1716 ( MDCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a John Locke (29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704 was an English Philosopher. Year 1704 ( MDCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements Year 1727 ( MDCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Blaise Pascal (blɛz paskal (June 19 1623 &ndash August 19 1662 was a French Mathematician, Physicist, and religious Philosopher Baruch or Benedict de Spinoza (ברוך שפינוזה Bento de Espinosa Benedictus de Spinoza ( November 24, 1632 – February 21, The timeline of The period which many historians of science call the Scientific Revolution can be roughly dated as having begun in 1543 the year in which Nicolaus Copernicus published

• Banknotes reintroduced in Europe. A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a

Denis Papin, best known for his pioneering invention of the steam digester, the forerunner of the steam engine. Denis Papin ( 22 August 1647 - c 1712 was a French Physicist, Mathematician and Inventor, best known for his pioneering The steam digester (or bone digester, and also known as Papin’s digester) is a high-pressure cooker invented by French physicist Denis Papin in 1679 A steam engine is a Heat engine that performs Mechanical work using Steam as its Working fluid.

• Ice cream
• Tea and coffee become popular in Europe. Ice cream or ice-cream (originally iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from Dairy products such as Milk and Cream, combined Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market A coffeehouse ( French / Portuguese: café; Spanish: cafetería; Italian: caffè
• Central Banking in France and modern Finance by Scottish economist John Law
• 1604: Supernova SN 1604 is observed in the Milky Way
• 1605: Johannes Kepler starts investigating elliptical orbits of planets
• 1608: Hans Lippershey constructs a refracting telescope, the first for which sufficient evidence exists
• 1609: Johann Carolas of Germany publishes the 'Relation', the first newspaper
• 1610: The Orion Nebula is identified by Nicolas de Peiresc of France
• 1610: Galileo Galilei and Simon Marius observe Jupiter's Galilean moons
• 1611: King James Bible or 'Authorized Version' first published
• c. A banker or bank is a Financial institution whose primary activity is to act as a payment agent for customers and to borrow and lend money The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated John Law (usually pronounced Jean Lass by contemporary French ( bap Supernova 1604, also known as Kepler's Supernova, Kepler's Nova or Kepler's Star, was a Supernova which occurred in the Milky Way, The Milky Way (a translation of the Latin Via Lactea, in turn derived from the Greek Γαλαξίας (Galaxias sometimes referred to simply Johannes Kepler (ˈkɛplɚ ( December 27 1571 &ndash November 15 1630) was a German Mathematician, Astronomer In Astronomy, Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion are three mathematical laws that describe the motion of Planets in the Solar System. Hans Lippershey (1570&ndashSeptember 1619 also known as Johann Lippershey or Lipperhey, was a German - Dutch lensmaker. A refracting or refractor telescope is a dioptric Telescope that uses a lens as its objective to form an image The Orion Nebula (also known as Messier 42, M42, or NGC 1976) is a Diffuse nebula situated south of Orion 's Belt Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Simon Marius ( Latinized from German Simon Mayr) ( January 10, 1573 &ndash December 26, 1624) was a German The Galilean moons are the four moons of Jupiter discovered by Galileo Galilei. 1612: The first flintlock musket likely created for Louis XIII of France by gunsmith Marin de Bourgeoys
• 1614: John Napier introduces the logarithm to simplify calculations
• 1620: Cornelius Drebbei, funded by James I of England, builds the first 'submarine' made of wood and greased leather
• 1623: The first English dictionary, 'English Dictionarie' is published by Henry Cockeram, listing difficult words with definitions
• 1628: William Harvey publishes and elucidates his earlier discovery of the circulatory system
• 1637: Dutch Bible published
• 1637: Teatro San Cassiano, the first public opera house, opened in Venice
• 1637: Pierre de Fermat formulates his so-called Last Theorem, unsolved until 1995
• 1637: Although Chinese naval mines were earlier described in the 14th century Huolongjing, the Tian Gong Kai Wu book of Ming Dynasty scholar Song Yingxing describes naval mines wrapped in a lacquer bag and ignited by an ambusher pulling a rip cord on the nearby shore that triggers a steel-wheel flint mechanism. For other people with the same name see John Napier (disambiguation. In Mathematics, the logarithm of a number to a given base is the power or Exponent to which the base must be raised in order to produce James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability William Harvey ( April 1, 1578 – June 3, 1657) was an English Physician who is credited with being the first in Systemic circulation is the portion of the Cardiovascular system which carries Oxygenated Blood away from the heart to the Body, and returns The Teatro San Cassiano or Teatro di San Cassiano in Venice was the first public Opera house when it opened in 1637 Pierre de Fermat pjɛːʁ dəfɛʁ'ma ( 17 August 1601 or 1607/8 &ndash 12 January 1665) was a French Lawyer at the Fermat's Last Theorem is the name of the statement in Number theory that It is impossible to separate any power higher than the second into two like A naval mine is a self-contained Explosive device placed in water to destroy Ships or Submarines Unlike Depth charges mines are deposited The Huolongjing ( Wade-Giles: Huo Lung Ching; Traditional Chinese: 火龍經 rendered by its translator into English as The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led Song Yingxing ( Traditional Chinese:宋應星 Simplified Chinese:宋应星 Wade Giles: Sung Ying-Hsing; 1587-1666 AD was a Chinese In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any Flint (or flintstone) is a hard sedimentary Cryptocrystalline form of the Mineral Quartz, categorized as a variety of Chert
• 1642: Blaise Pascal builds an early mechanical calculator for addition and subtraction
• 1642: Mezzotint engraving introduces grey tones to printed images
• 1643: Evangelista Torricelli of Italy invents the mercury barometer
• 1645: Giacomo Torelli of Venice, Italy invents the first rotating stage
• 1651: Giovanni Riccioli renames the Lunar mare
• 1656: Christiaan Huygens describes the true shape of the rings of Saturn
• 1657: Christiaan Huygens develops the first functional pendulum clock based on the learnings of Galileo Galilei
• 1659: Christiaan Huygens first to observe surface details of Mars
• 1663: The first reflecting telescope is built by James Gregory based on suggestions of Italian astronomer Niccolo Zucchi
• c. Blaise Pascal (blɛz paskal (June 19 1623 &ndash August 19 1662 was a French Mathematician, Physicist, and religious Philosopher Mezzotint is a Printmaking process of the intaglio family technically a Drypoint method Evangelista Torricelli ( ( October 15, 1608 &ndash October 25, 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest History The first barometer is thought to have been built unintentionally by Gasparo Berti, sometime between 1640 and 1643 Giacomo Torelli (1608-1678 was the most important set designer of the middle of the seventeenth century Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Giovanni Battista Riccioli ( April 17 1598 – June 25 1671) was an Italian Astronomer. The lunar maria (singular mare, two syllables are large dark Basaltic plains on Earth 's Moon, formed by ancient Volcanic eruptions Christiaan Huygens (ˈhaɪgənz in English ˈhœyɣəns in Dutch) ( April 14, 1629 &ndash July 8, 1695) was a Dutch Saturn has the most extensive Planetary ring system of any planet in the Solar System. Christiaan Huygens (ˈhaɪgənz in English ˈhœyɣəns in Dutch) ( April 14, 1629 &ndash July 8, 1695) was a Dutch A pendulum clock is a Clock that uses a Pendulum, a swinging weight as its Timekeeping element Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 &ndash 8 January 1642 was a Tuscan ( Italian) Physicist, Mathematician, Astronomer, and Philosopher Christiaan Huygens (ˈhaɪgənz in English ˈhœyɣəns in Dutch) ( April 14, 1629 &ndash July 8, 1695) was a Dutch A telescope is an instrument designed for the observation of remote objects and the collection of Electromagnetic radiation. James Gregory (November 1638 &ndash October 1675 was a Scottish Mathematician and Astronomer. Niccolò Zucchi ( December 6 1586 - May 21 1670) was an Italian Jesuit astronomer and physicist. 1670: Monk Dom Perignon discovers Champagne in France
• 1676: Antoni van Leeuwenhoek discovers Bacteria
• 1676: First measurement of the speed of light
• 1679: Binary system developed by Gottfried Leibnitz
• 1684: Calculus independently developed by both Gottfried Leibnitz and Sir Issac Newton and used to formulate classical mechanics

References

1. ^ The Thirty-Years-War. Dom Pierre Pérignon (c 1638&ndash 14 September 1715) was a Benedictine Monk frequently credited (erroneously with the invention Champagne is a Sparkling wine produced by inducing the in-bottle Secondary fermentation of Wine to effect Carbonation. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (October 24 1632 &ndash August 30 1723 was a Dutch tradesman and Scientist from Delft, the Netherlands The Bacteria ( singular: bacterium) are a large group of unicellular Microorganisms Typically a few Micrometres in length bacteria have The binary numeral system, or base-2 number system, is a Numeral system that represents numeric values using two symbols usually 0 and 1. Calculus ( Latin, calculus, a small stone used for counting is a branch of Mathematics that includes the study of limits, Derivatives Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (ˈnjuːtən 4 January 1643 31 March 1727) Biography Early years See also Isaac Newton's early life and achievements Classical mechanics is used for describing the motion of Macroscopic objects from Projectiles to parts of Machinery, as well as Astronomical objects Western New England College. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
2. ^ The Tatar Khanate of Crimea
3. ^ Saint Luke as a Painter before Christ on the Cross. Humanities Web. Retrieved 30 September, 2007.

Decades and years