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'Pataphysics, a term coined by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873 – 1907), is a philosophy dedicated to studying what lies beyond the realm of metaphysics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Alfred Jarry ( 8 September 1873 &ndash 1 November 1907) was a French Writer born in Laval, Mayenne Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language Metaphysics is the branch of Philosophy investigating principles of reality transcending those of any particular science It is a parody of the theory and methods of modern science and is often expressed in nonsensical language. A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject The word theory has many distinct meanings in different fields of Knowledge, depending on their methodologies and the context of discussion. Nonsense is a verbal communication or Written text which appears to be a Human language or other Symbolic system, but in fact does not carry any identifiable A language is a dynamic set of visual auditory or tactile Symbols of Communication and the elements used to manipulate them A practitioner of 'pataphysics is a 'pataphysician or a 'pataphysicist.

Contents

History

The term first appeared in print in Alfred Jarry's play text Guignol in the 28 April 1893 issue of L'Écho de Paris littéraire illustré. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Jarry later defined it as "the science of imaginary solutions, which symbolically attributes the properties of objects, described by their virtuality, to their lineaments" (Gestes et opinions du Docteur Faustroll, II, viii). Raymond Queneau has described 'pataphysics as resting "on the truth of contradictions and exceptions. Raymond Queneau ( February 21, 1903 &ndash October 25, 1976) was a French Poet and Novelist and the co-founder "

Jarry mandated the inclusion of the apostrophe in the orthography "to avoid a simple pun," the pun possibly being patte à physique (leg of physics), as interpreted by Jarry-scholars Keith Beaumont and Roger Shattuck, or possibly pas ta physique ('not your physics'), or maybe "Pâte à physique" ('physics-dough').

The Collège de 'pataphysique, founded on May 11, 1948, in Paris, is a group of artists and writers interested in the philosophy of 'pataphysics. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The motto of the college is Eadem mutata resurgo ('I arise again the same though changed'), and its head is His Magnificence, Baron Jean Mollet. Eadem mutata resurgo is a Latin phrase that literally translates to "Although changed I shall arise the same According to Warren Motte, noted members of the college have included Noël Arnaud (Regent of General 'Pataphysics and Clinic of Rhetoriconosis, as well as Major Confirmant of the Order of the Grand Gidouille), Luc Étienne also known as Luc Etienne Périn (Regent), Latis (Private General Secretary to the Baron Vice-Curator), François Le Lionnais (Regent), Jean Lescure (Regent of Anabathmology), and Raymond Queneau (Transcendent Satrap). Luc Etienne Périn, also known as Luc Étienne, (1908-1984 was a French writer and a proponent of 'Pataphysics. Luc Etienne Périn, also known as Luc Étienne, (1908-1984 was a French writer and a proponent of 'Pataphysics. In ancient Celtic polytheism, Latis is the name of two Celtic deities worshipped in Roman Britain. François Le Lionnais ( October 3, 1901 &ndash March 13, 1984) was a French chemical engineer and mathematician perhaps best known as a founder Jean Lescure (1912-2005 was a French Poet. Biography In 1938 Jean Lescure published his first plaquette of poems "Le voyage immobile" Raymond Queneau ( February 21, 1903 &ndash October 25, 1976) was a French Poet and Novelist and the co-founder As such, its members are linked with Oulipo. Oulipo (pronounced oo-lee-PO stands for " Ou vroir de li ttérature po tentielle" which translates roughly as "workshop of potential literature" Publications of the college include the Cahiers du Collège de 'Pataphysique and the Dossiers du Collège de 'Pataphysique.

The authors Raymond Queneau, Jean Genet, Eugene Ionesco, Boris Vian and Jean Ferry have described themselves as following the 'pataphysical tradition. Raymond Queneau ( February 21, 1903 &ndash October 25, 1976) was a French Poet and Novelist and the co-founder Jean Genet (ʒɑ̃ ʒəˈnɛ in French ( –) was a prominent controversial French writer and later political activist. Eugène Ionesco, born Eugen Ionescu ( November 26, 1909 – March 28, 1994 Boris Vian ( March 10, 1920 &ndash June 23, 1959) was a French Polymath: Writer, Poet, Jean Levy known as Jean Ferry (1906 - 1974 was a French writer and follower of the ' pataphysical tradition ' Pataphysics and pataphysicians feature prominently in several linked works by science fiction writer Pat Murphy. Pat Murphy (Patrice is an award-winning American science writer and author of Science fiction and Fantasy novels The philosopher Jean Baudrillard is often described as a 'pataphysician and did consider himself as such for some part of his life. Jean Baudrillard ( July 29, 1929   – March 6, 2007) (ʒɑ̃ bo One American writer, Pablo Lopez, has even developed an extension of the "science" called the pataphor. 'Pataphysics ( French: 'Pataphysique) a term coined by French writer Alfred Jarry (1873 – 1907 is a

Although France had been always the center of the 'pataphysical globe, followers have grown up in different cities around the world. In 1966 Juan Esteban Fassio was commissioned to draw the map of the Collège de 'Pataphysique and its institutes abroad. In the 1950s, Buenos Aires and Milan were the first cities to have 'Pataphysical institutes. London, Edinburgh, Budapest, and Liege — as well as many other European cities - caught up in the sixties. In the 1970s, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland, Canada, The Netherlands, and many other countries showed that the internationalization of 'pataphysics was irreversible.

In the 1960s 'pataphysics was used as a conceptual principle within various fine-art forms, especially pop-art and popular culture. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969 Conceptual art is Art in which the Concept (s or Idea (s involved in the work take precedence over traditional aesthetic and material concerns Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. Pop Art is a visual Art movement that emerged in the mid 1950s in Britain and in parallel in the late 1950s in the United States. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — Actual works within the 'pataphysical tradition tend to focus on the processes of their creation, and elements of chance or arbitrary choices are frequently key in those processes. Select pieces from Marcel Duchamp and John Cage characterize this. Marcel Duchamp (maʀsɛl dyˈʃɑ̃ (28 July 1887 &ndash 2 October 1968 was a French artist whose work is most often associated with the Dadaist and Surrealist WikipediaWikiProject Composers#Lead section --> John Milton Cage Jr At around this time, Asger Jorn, a 'pataphysician and member of the Situationist International, referred to 'pataphysics as a new religion. Asger Oluf Jorn ( March 3, 1914 - May 1, 1973) was a founding member of the Situationist International, and a prolific artist and essayist The Situationist International ( SI) was a small group of international political and artistic Agitators with roots in Marxism, Lettrism and the A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Rube Goldberg and Heath Robinson were artists who contrived machines of a 'pataphysical bent. Reuben Garret Lucius Goldberg ( July 4, 1883 - December 7, 1970) was an American Cartoonist who received a 1948 Pulitzer William Heath Robinson ( May 31 1872 &ndash September 13 1944) was an English Cartoonist and Illustrator

During the Communist Era, a small group of 'pataphysicists in Czechoslovakia started a journal called PAKO, or Pataphysical Collegium. Apparently, Alfred Jarry's plays had a lasting impression on its underground philosophical scene.

In music

Pataphor

The pataphor (Spanish: patáfora, French: pataphore), is a term coined by writer and musician Pablo Lopez ("Paul Avion"), for an unusually extended metaphor based on Alfred Jarry's "science" of 'pataphysics. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people As Jarry claimed that 'pataphysics existed "as far from metaphysics as metaphysics extends from regular reality," a pataphor attempts to create a figure of speech that exists as far from metaphor as metaphor exists from non-figurative language. Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects Abstract art uses a Visual language of form color and line to create a composition which exists independently of visual references to the world Whereas a metaphor is the comparison of a real object or event with a seemingly unrelated subject in order to emphasize the similarities between the two, the pataphor uses the newly created metaphorical similarity as a reality with which to base itself. In going beyond mere ornamentation of the original idea, the pataphor seeks to describe a new and separate world, in which an idea or aspect has taken on a life of its own. [3][4]

Like ‘pataphysics itself, pataphors essentially describe two degrees of separation from reality (rather than merely one degree of separation, which is the world of metaphors and metaphysics). The pataphor may also be said to function as a critical tool, describing the world of "assumptions based on assumptions," such as belief systems or rhetoric run amok. The following is an example.

Non-figurative

Tom and Alice stood side by side in the lunch line.

Metaphor

Tom and Alice stood side by side in the lunch line, two pieces on a chessboard.

Pataphor

Tom took a step closer to Alice and made a date for Friday night, checkmating. Rudy was furious at losing to Margaret so easily and dumped the board on the rose-colored quilt, stomping downstairs.

(The pataphor has created a world where the chessboard exists, including the characters who live in that world, entirely abandoning the original context. )[5]

See also

References

  1. ^ Beatles Complete Guitar, Hal Leonard Corporation, 1986
  2. ^ http://www.sonicartsnetwork.org
  3. ^ (Spanish) Luis Casado, Pataphors And Political Language (El Clarin: Chilean Press)(2007)
  4. ^ The Cahiers du Collège de Pataphysique n°22 (December 2005), Collège de 'Pataphysique
  5. ^ Computer Programming Using Pataphorical Modeling

Bibliography

External links

Joseph Nechvatal (born 1951 is a post- Conceptual art Digital artist and art theoretician who creates computer-assisted paintings and Computer
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