Iolani Palace
(U.S. National Historic Landmark)
Iolani Palace is the hallmark of Hawaiian renaissance architecture
Location:	Honolulu, HI
Coordinates:	21°18′23.84″N 157°51′32.25″W / 21.3066222, -157.8589583Coordinates: 21°18′23.84″N 157°51′32.25″W / 21.3066222, -157.8589583
Built/Founded:	1871
Architect:	Thomas J. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the Hawaiian architecture is a distinctive style of architectural arts developed and employed primarily in the Hawaiian Islands of the present-day United States Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Baker, C. S. Wall and Isaac Moore
Architectural style(s):	Other
Added to NRHP:	October 15, 1966
NRHP Reference#:	66000293[1]
Governing body:	State

ʻIolani Palace is situated in the capitol district of downtown Honolulu in the U.S. state of Hawaiʻi. The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1966 ( MCMLXVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the 1966 Gregorian calendar. Downtown Honolulu is the current and historic central part of Honolulu &mdashbounded by Nuuanu Stream to the west Ward Avenue to the east Vineyard Boulevard to the north A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the It is the only royal palace used as an official residence by a reigning monarch in the United States and is a National Historic Landmark listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A National Historic Landmark (NHL is a Building, site, Structure, Object, or District, that is officially recognized by the The National Register of Historic Places (NRHP is the United States government's official list of districts sites buildings structures and objects deemed worthy of Two monarchs governed from ʻIolani Palace: King David Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani. Kalākaua I, born as David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch ( November 16, 1836 Liliuokalani ( September 2, 1838 – November 11, 1917) born Lydia Liliu Loloku Walania Wewehi Kamakaeha, was the last

Royal Palace

The ʻIolani Palace structure that exists today is actually the second ʻIolani Palace to sit on the palace grounds. The original palace, built during the reign of Kamehameha III, was a one-story Greek-revival building made out of coral block that was only third the floor area of the present palace. Kamehameha III (born Kauikeaouli) ( August 11, 1813 ?&ndash December 15, 1854) was the king of Hawaii from 1824 to 1854 It was purchased by Kamehameha III from Governor Mataio Kekuanaoa of Oʻahu who had build it for his daughter (Kamehameha III's niece) Princess Victoria Kamamalu when he moved his capital from Lahaina to Honolulu in 1845. Mataio Kekūanaoa was born ca 1791-1868 He was descendant from the high chiefs of the island of Oahu Princess Victoria Kamamalu Ka'ahumanu IV ( 1 November 1838 &ndash 29 May 1866) was Kuhina Nui of Hawaii and its Crown Lahaina is the largest town and Census-designated place (CDP in West Maui Maui County, Hawaii, United States, and the gateway to the Honolulu is the Capital and most populous Census-designated place (CDP in the U It was constructed as a traditional aliʻ residence, in that the palace itself had no sleeping rooms. Alii is the hereditary chiefly or noble rank ( class, Caste) in traditional Hawaiian society It just had a throne room, a reception room, and a state dining room as well, with other houses around for sleeping and for retainers. Kamehameha III preferred to live in the grass huts he build around the palace. The building was named, Hale Aliʻi meaning (House of the Chiefs). During Kamehameha V reign it was changed to "ʻIolani Palace," after his brother Kamehameha IV's given names (his full name was Alexander Liholiho Keawenui ʻIolani). It literally means "royal hawk. " The Palace served as the official residence of the monarch during the reigns of Kamehameha IV, Kamehameha V, Lunalilo, and the first part of Kalākaua's reign. Kamehameha V — born as Lot Kapuāiwa — reigned as Monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i from 1863 to 1872 Lunalilo I &mdash born William Charles Lunalilo ( January 31, 1835 - February 3, 1874) &mdash was king of the The original structure was very simple in design and was more of a stately home than a palace, but at the time, it was the grandest house in town. A stately home is strictly speaking one of about 500 large properties built in England between the mid-16th century and the early part of the 20th century as well as converted

King Kamehameha V was the first monarch to envision a royal palace befitting of the sovereignty of a modern state such as Hawaiʻi. Kamehameha V — born as Lot Kapuāiwa — reigned as Monarch of the Kingdom of Hawai{{okina}}i from 1863 to 1872 He commissioned the construction of Aliʻiōlani Hale to be the official palace of the Hawaiian monarchy. Aliiōlani Hale is a building located in Downtown Honolulu, Hawai{{okina}}i, currently used as the home of the Hawai{{okina}}i State Supreme Court. The building was constructed across the street from the original ʻIolani Palace structure. It was name after himself (his full name was Lot Kapuaiwa Kalanikapuapaikalaninui Aliʻiolani Kalanimakua) it means "House of the heavenly King". At the time, Hawaiʻi sorely needed a government building, since the government buildings of the time were small and cramped. Ultimately, Aliʻiōlani Hale became an administrative building instead of a palace, housing the judiciary of the Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and various other ministries. The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of O{{okina}}ahu,

The gates of ʻIolani Palace feature the Royal Coat of Arms.

By the time David Kalākaua assumed the throne, the original ʻIolani Palace was in poor condition, suffering from ground termite damage. The termites are a group of Social Insects usually classified at the taxonomic rank of order Isoptera (but see also taxonomy He ordered the palace to be razed.

Kalākaua was the first monarch to travel around the world. While visiting other sovereign states of the world, he took note of the grand palaces owned by other monarchs. Like Kamehameha V, he dreamed of a royal palace befitting of the sovereignty of a modern state such as Hawaiʻi. He commissioned the construction a new ʻIolani Palace, directly across the street from Aliʻiōlani Hale, to become the official palace of the Hawaiian monarchy. The building was completed in 1882 and cost over $360,000. It had electricity and telephones even before the White House and served as the official residence of the Hawaiian monarch until the kingdom was overthrown in 1893. See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence

ʻIolani Palace features architecture seen nowhere else in the world. This unique style is known as American Florentine. Hawaiian architecture is a distinctive style of architectural arts developed and employed primarily in the Hawaiian Islands of the present-day United States On the first floor a grand hall faces a magnificent staircase of koa wood. The koa ( Acacia koa; Family Fabaceae) is a large tree endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, primarily Hawai{{okina}}i, Maui The Throne Room, the blue meeting room, and the Dining Room adjoin the hall. Upstairs are the private library and bedrooms of the Hawaiian monarchs, including the simple room where Queen Liliʻuokalani was imprisoned after the second of the Wilcox rebellions. The Wilcox Rebellions were two revolts led by Robert William Wilcox against the government of Hawaii in 1889 and 1895 respectively The quilt she made is still there. In the basement is a photographic display of the Palace, the Hawaiian crown jewels, orders and decorations given by the monarchs, and magnificent regalia worn by the high chiefs of the islands.

Capitol Building

Upon the overthrow of the monarchy by the Committee of Safety in 1893, ʻIolani Palace was converted into the statehouse of the newly formed Provisional Government of Hawaiʻi. The Committee of Safety, formally the Citizen's Committee of Public Safety, was a 13-member council composed of American Hawaiian and European Hawaiian traitors but a majority The Provisional Government of Hawaii was proclaimed on January 17, 1893 by the 13 member Committee of Safety under the leadership of Lorrin It later became the capitol of the Republic of Hawaiʻi, Territory of Hawaiʻi and State of Hawaiʻi and housed the offices of their respective governors and legislatures. The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawai{{okina}}i from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a Republic The Territory of Hawaii, abbreviated officially as TH, was established on July 7, 1898 and dissolved on August 21, 1959 when The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the

On April 30, 2008, ʻIolani Palace was overtaken by a group of native Hawaiians called the Hawaiian Kingdom Government to protest what they view as illegitimate rule by the United States. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "Kanaka" redirects here For the Tamil actress see Kanaka (actress. Mahealani Kahau, "head of state" of the group, said they do not recognize Hawaiʻi as a U.S. state, but would keep the occupation of the palace peaceful. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government "The Hawaiian Kingdom Government is here and it doesn't plan to leave. This is a continuity of the Hawaiian Kingdom of 1892 to today," Kahau said. ^[2][3]

In response, The ʻIolani Palace released a statement that while they "respect the freedom of Hawaiian groups to hold an opinion on the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom, we believe that blocking public access to Iolani Palace is wrong and certainly detrimental to our mission to share the Palace and its history with our residents, our keiki and our visitors. "^[4] Additionally, the statement goes on to clarify the historical record that the original seat of government of the Hawaiian Kingdom was not ʻIolani Palace. The Palace was instead used as the royal residence while government activities were carried out in the original courthouse (now demolished) and later in Aliʻiolani Hale. ^[5]

Restoration

Then Governor of Hawaiʻi, John A. Burns, oversaw the construction of the Hawaiʻi State Capitol directly behind ʻIolani Palace. The Governor of Hawaii, also called Ke Kiaaina o Hawaii, is the chief executive of the State of Hawai{{okina}}i and its various agencies John Anthony Burns ( March 30, 1909 &ndash April 5, 1975) served as the second Governor of the state of Hawaii The Hawaii State Capitol is the official statehouse or capitol building of Hawaii in the United States. When the new capitol building was completed in 1969, Governor Burns decided to vacate all government offices from ʻIolani Palace and undertake an ambitious restoration project. He envisioned the return of ʻIolani Palace to the people of Hawaiʻi in memory of the beloved royal family that had resided in it decades before. When restoration was completed, ʻIolani Palace was opened to the public in 1978. Today guided tours are given most mornings, and visitors can take individualized audio tours at their leisure. Special events are also held there.

In fiction

• The fictional TV series, Hawaii Five-O, had state police headquarters based in ʻIolani Palace. Hawaii Five-O is an American Television series that starred Jack Lord and James MacArthur as detectives for a fictional Hawaii
• ʻIolani Palace plays a significant role in the Harry Turtledove books Days of Infamy and End of the Beginning as the seat of the Japanese puppet government of Hawaiʻi. Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14 1949) is an American historian and novelist who has written Historical fiction, Fantasy, and Days of Infamy is a novel by Harry Turtledove. Days of Infamy is a re-imagining of the Pacific War. A puppet state is a State that is nominally independent but in reality under the control of another power

Images

Hawaiian Coat of Arms on Iolani Palace Gate

ʻIolani Barracks, adjacent to ʻIolani Palace, housed the royal guards. Iolani Barracks, or Halekoa (house of warriors in Hawaiian was built in 1870, designed by the architect Theodore Heuck, under the direction

ʻIolani Hawk, the high flight of the hawk signified Hawaiian Royalty. The Hawaiian Hawk or ' Io, Buteo solitarius, is a raptor of the Buteo Genus endemic to Hawai'i.

The Coronation Pavilion for King David Kalakaua and Queen Kapi'olani in 1883. Kalākaua I, born as David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and called The Merrie Monarch ( November 16, 1836

See also

• ʻIolani Barracks

Notes

External links

• Photo essay on residences of Hawaiian Kings
• Iolani Palace History

Resources

• Friends of ʻIolani Palace