Švitrigaila (ca 1370 – 10 February 1452) was the Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1430 to 1432. Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead The Title grand duke (in Latin, magnus dux; in Spanish, gran duque; in Russian, Великий Герцог The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje He was active in Lithuanian politics from the 1390s until his death.
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Rebellion against Vytautas
He was born to Algirdas and Uliana of Tver. Gediminas (ca 1275 – winter 1341 was the Monarch of medieval Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the title lt didysis kunigaikštis (вялікі князь The Columns of Gediminas or Pillars of Gediminas (Gediminaičių stulpai are one of the earliest symbols of Lithuania and one of its historical coats of arms Algirdas, (ɑlgərdɑːs known as Olgierd Альгерд Ольгерд b He was baptized by his mother into Eastern Orthodoxy. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world At the age of 11, he (together with his brother Jogaila) was converted in Kraków into Roman Catholicism, changing his Christian name from Lev to Boleslaw. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland
At that time, the town of Polotsk was the capital of his lands. Polotsk ( Polatsk, По́лацк Полоцк Polockas Połock is a historical city in Belarus, situated on the Dvina river In 1392, however, Švitrigaila made an ill-fated attempt to seize neighbouring Vitebsk, but was ousted by his cousin Vytautas of Lithuania to Prussia. Vitebsk, also known as Vitsyebsk ( Belarusian: Ві́цебск 'vʲitsʲepsk Russian: Ви́тебск Vitebsk Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian:; Vitaŭt; Latin: Alexander Vitoldus; Witold Ruthenian: Vitovt; c Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state
While living abroad, Švitrigaila sided with the Teutonic Knights in their prolonged struggle against Vytautas. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. In 1400, he was allowed to return to Lithuania, receiving Podolia as his demesne. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, Four years later, he moved eastward to Severia. Severia (Северщина Severshchina; Сіверія or Сіверщина translit
Defection to Moscow and its aftermath
It is believed that Švitrigaila sympathized with the Russians, being born of a Russian mother (Uliana of Tver) and married to Anna Ivanovna of Tver. The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Tver (Тверь is a city in Russia, the administrative center of Tver Oblast. When the war broke out between Vytautas and his Muscovite son-in-law in 1408, Švitrigaila cast his lot with the latter, surrendering all the Severian towns to the Russian army and defecting to Moscow. Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian:; Vitaŭt; Latin: Alexander Vitoldus; Witold Ruthenian: Vitovt; c Vasiliy I Dmitriyevich ( Russian: Василий I Дмитриевич 30 December 1371 – 27 February 1425) was Grand Prince Severia (Северщина Severshchina; Сіверія or Сіверщина translit Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
During his brief stay in Muscovy, Švitrigaila was rewarded with Volokolamsk and several other towns and put in charge of the Russian army operating against Vytautas. The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Великое княжество Московское was a medieval Russian polity centered on Moscow between 1340 and Volokolamsk (Волокола́мск is the town and administrative center of Volokolamsky District of Moscow Oblast, Russia Lacking any military talent, he failed to win a single battle and, on hearing about the invasion of Edigu, fled to Lithuania, pillaging Serpukhov on his way. Edigu, or Edigey, also İdegäy or Edege Mangit (1352-1419 was an Emir of the White Horde who founded the new political entity which Serpukhov (Се́рпухов is an old town in Moscow Oblast, Russia, which is situated at the confluence of the Oka and the Nara Rivers
Back in Lithuania, he was apprehended as an inveterate traitor and a dangerous pretender and imprisoned in the castle of Kremenets for 9 years. Kremenets (Кременець translit Kremenets’ Krzemieniec is a City in the Ternopil Oblast ( province) of western Ukraine Finally delivered by Prince Daniel Ostrogski, he escaped to Hungary. Biography It's not clear whether he was descendant of Pinsk-Turov or Galicia-Volhynia branch of Rurikid Dynasty. Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic It was through mediation of the Holy Roman Emperor and his brother Jogaila that he was allowed to return to Lithuania as a sovereign ruler of Severia in 1420. The Holy Roman Emperor (Römischer Kaiser or Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser Romanorum Imperator was the elected monarch ruling over the many varying numbers of states Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Severia (Северщина Severshchina; Сіверія or Сіверщина translit
Grand Duke of Lithuania
Upon Vytautas's death in 1430, Švitrigaila immediately pressed his claim to the throne. Vytautas the Great ( Lithuanian:; Vitaŭt; Latin: Alexander Vitoldus; Witold Ruthenian: Vitovt; c He was supported by the Ruthenian and Orthodox population of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, while the Lithuanian and Catholic population advanced Žygimantas Kestutaitis as a rival candidate. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje For other nobles of the same name see Sigismund. Sigismund Kęstutaitis (Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz born ca At last Švitrigaila prevailed over his rivals, and was crowned the Grand Duke of Lithuania in Vilnius.
Švitrigaila started his reign by proclaiming full independence of the Grand Duchy from Poland and granting important privileges to his Orthodox subjects. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland That enraged Poland, which declared a war on Švitrigaila and occupied the Podolian towns, notably the key castle of Kamenets-Podolsky. The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, Kamianets-Podilskyi (Кам’янець-Подільський translit Švitrigaila sought help in the West and instigated the Teutonic Knights' invasion of Poland. The Teutonic Order is a German Roman Catholic religious order. Despite the successful operations of his generals, he eschewed a decisive battle and signed an armistice in Lutsk, obtaining from Poland full recognition of his claims. Lutsk (Луцьк translit Luts’k, Łuck is a city located by the Styr River in north-western Ukraine.
Downfall and later years
In 1432, however, Žygimantas Kęstutaitis raised a rebellion and, supported by ethnic Lithuanians and Poles, overran much of the Grand Duchy. For other nobles of the same name see Sigismund. Sigismund Kęstutaitis (Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz born ca Švitrigaila, constrained to leave the Lithuanian capital for Vitebsk, was thoroughly defeated in the Battle of Pabaiskas in 1435. Vitebsk, also known as Vitsyebsk ( Belarusian: Ві́цебск 'vʲitsʲepsk Russian: Ви́тебск Vitebsk The Battle of Pabaiskas or Battle of Vilkomir took place on September 1 1435 near Ukmergė (former Vilkmergė in the Grand Duchy of Despite continued support from Ruthenians in Kiev, Podolia, and Volhynia, he fled to Kraków, suing for peace. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, Kraków, in English also spelled Krakow or Cracow (ˈkrækaʊ M-W: krăk'ou krāk'ō is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland After his proposals were dismissed, Švitrigaila had to leave the country for ignominious exile in Wallachia, where he was reported to have become a shepherd. Exile means to be away from one's home (ie city state or country while either being explicitly refused permission to return and/or being threatened by prison or death upon return This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania
In 1440 Žygimantas was assassinated by nobles who supported Švitrigaila, and Švitrigaila returned to rule Podolia and Volhynia. For other nobles of the same name see Sigismund. Sigismund Kęstutaitis (Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis Zygmunt Kiejstutowicz born ca The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, At the age of 70 (or 85, according to some sources), he was too old to resume his endless struggle for the Lithuanian throne. Shortly before his death in Lutsk in 1452, he bequeathed all his possessions in Podolia and Volynia to the Lithuanian state. Lutsk (Луцьк translit Luts’k, Łuck is a city located by the Styr River in north-western Ukraine. The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine,
Titles
Prince of Vitebsk 1392 – 1393, 1430 – 1436, Podolia 1400 – 1402, Novhorod-Siversky 1404 – 1408, 1420 – 1438, Chernihiv 1419 – 1430, Grand Prince of Lithuania (1430-1432), pan of Volhynia 1437 – 1452. Prince, from the Latin root Princeps, is a general term for a Monarch, for a member of a monarch's or former monarch's family and is a Vitebsk, also known as Vitsyebsk ( Belarusian: Ві́цебск 'vʲitsʲepsk Russian: Ви́тебск Vitebsk The region of Podolia (also spelled Podilia or Podillya) is a historical region in the west-central and south-west portions of present-day Ukraine, Novhorod-Siversky (Новгород-Сіверський Новгород-Северский Novgorod-Seversky is a historic city in the Chernihiv Oblast ( province Chernihiv, also referred to as Chernigov (Чернігів Чернигов Чарнігаў is a historic city in northern Ukraine. The Title Grand Prince or Great Prince (Magnus Princeps Russian and Ukrainian: Великий князь Velikiy knyaz; Вялíкий The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje
See also
| Preceded by Vytautas |
Grand Prince of Lithuania 1430-1432 |
Succeeded by Žygimantas |
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