Łódź
Piotrkowska Street
Flag Coat of arms
Motto: Ex navicula navis (From a boat, a ship)
Łódź
Coordinates: 51°47′N 19°28′E / 51.783, 19.467
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Łódź
County	city county
City Rights	1423
Government
- Mayor	Jerzy Kropiwnicki
Area
- City	293. The Flag of Łódź features the two heraldic colours of the Coat of arms of Łódź: Or over Gules A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Voivodeship The voivodeship or province (województwo has been a high-level Administrative subdivision of Poland since the 14th century Łódź Voivodeship (also known as Łódź Province or by its Polish name of województwo łódzkie or simply Łódzkie) is a province ( voivodeship A powiat (pronounced; Polish plural powiaty) is the second-level unit of Local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a County Jerzy Janusz Kropiwnicki (born July 5, 1945 in Częstochowa) is a Polish right-wing Politician, member of Law and Justice Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 25 km² (113. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2 sq mi)
Elevation	162-278 m (-750 ft)
Population (2006)
- City	764,168
- Density	2,605. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (6,749. 1/sq mi)
- Metro	1,428,600
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	90-001 to 94-413
Area code(s)	+48 42
Car plates	EL
Website: http://www.uml.lodz.pl

Łódź [wut​͡ɕ] ( listen) (pronounced "wootch") is Poland's second largest city (population 767,628 in 2006). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks In common with many Countries, Polish car number plates indicate the Region of Registration of the Vehicle encoded in the number plate Saint Alexander Nevsky (Алекса́ндр Яросла́вич Не́вский in Russian; transliteration Aleksandr Yaroslavich Nevskij) ( May 30 The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine Radegast is a former train station in Łódź, Poland. During World War II, in the course of the Holocaust, the station located at the Extermination camps were two types of facilities that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become Lod (לוֹד اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd; Greco-Latin Lydda) is a mixed Arab - Jewish city about 15 km southeast of Tel Aviv in Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland It is located in the centre of the country and serves as the capital of the Łódź Voivodeship. Łódź Voivodeship (also known as Łódź Province or by its Polish name of województwo łódzkie or simply Łódzkie) is a province ( voivodeship The coat of arms is canting, i. A coat of arms or armorial bearings (often just arms for short in European tradition is a design belonging to a particular person (or group of people Canting arms is a technique used in European Heraldry whereby the name of the individual or community represented in a Coat of arms is "translated" into e. it contains a boat, alluding to the city's name which literally means "a boat".

Contents 1 History 1.1 Agricultural Łódź 1.2 Industrial Growth 1.3 World War II 1.4 After 1945 1.5 Historical population 1.6 Łódź in literature and cinema 2 Tourism 3 Economy 4 Education 4.1 The Łódź Film School 5 Politics 5.1 Łódź constituency 5.2 Mayor 6 Sister city 7 Sports 8 Notable residents 9 Projects of development 10 References 11 Bibliography 12 External links

History

Agricultural Łódź

Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek. Włocławek (Leslau is a town in northern Poland on the Vistula (Wisła and Zgłowiączka rivers with a population of approximately 117000 In 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło granted city rights to the village of Łódź. Jogaila, later Władysław II Jagiełło (b about 1362 d 1 June 1434 was Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland. Magdeburg Rights (Magdeburger Recht or Magdeburg Law were a set of German town laws regulating the degree of internal autonomy within cities and villages granted with From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between Masovia and Silesia. Masovia or Mazovia (Mazowsze is a geographic and historic region situated in eastern Poland 's Masovian Plain. Etymology One theory claims that the name Silesia is derived from the Silingi, who were most likely a Vandalic (East Germanic people In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the nearby grain farms.

With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as Lodsch. The Partitions of Poland or Partitions of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth took place in the second half of the 18th century and ended the existence of the The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising South Prussia (Südpreußen Prusy Południowe was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia from 1793 to 1807 In 1798 the Prussians nationalized the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1815 became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Duchy of Warsaw (Księstwo Warszawskie Duché de Varsovie Herzogtum Warschau Варшавское герцогство was a Polish state established by Napoleon Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya

Industrial Growth

In 1820 Stanisław Staszic began a movement to turn the small town into a modern industrial centre. Stanisław Staszic ( November 6, 1755 - January 20, 1826) was a Polish Priest, Philosopher, Statesman A constant influx of workers, businessmen and craftsmen from all over Europe transformed Łódź into the main textile production centre of the Russian Empire. The first cotton mill opened in 1825, and 14 years later the first steam-powered factory in both Poland and Russia commenced operations. The immigrants came to the Promised Land (Polish Ziemia obiecana, the city's nickname) from all over Europe. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Mostly they arrived from Southern Germany and Bohemia, but also from countries as far as Portugal, England, France and Ireland. The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the However, three groups dominated the city's population and contributed the most to the city's development: Poles, Germans and Jews.

In 1850, Russia abolished the customs barrier between Congress Poland and Russia proper; industry in Łódź could now develop freely with a huge Russian market not far away. Congress Poland Kongresówka, officially and formally Kingdom of Poland (Królestwo Polskie {{IPA-pl|'|p|o|l|s|kʲ|e}} Царство Польское Tsarstvo Polskoye Soon the city became the second-largest city of Congress Poland. In 1865 the first railroad line opened (to Koluszki, branch line of the Warsaw-Vienna Railway) opened, and soon the city had rail links with Warsaw and Białystok. Koluszki is a town and a major railway junction in Central Poland, in Łódź Voivodeship, about 20 km east of Łódź. The Warsaw-Vienna Railway (Kolej Warszawsko-Wiedeńska was a Railway system which operated in Congress Poland, a part of the Russian Empire, from 1845 Białystok Lublin Voivodeship Białystok (also known by alternative names) is the largest City in northeastern Poland.

In the 1823–1873 period, the city's population doubled every ten years. The years 1870–1890 marked the period of most intense industrial development in the city's history. Łódź soon became a major centre of the socialist movement. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution In 1892 a huge strike paralyzed most of the factories. During the 1905 Revolution, inwhat became known as the June Days or Łódź insurrection, Tsarist police killed more than 300 workers. See also Russian Revolution (1917 The 1905 Russian Revolution also known as the Failed Russian Revolution of 1905 was an empire-wide struggle of The Łódź insurrection, also known as the June Days, was an uprising by Polish workers in Łódź against the Russian Empire on June 21 – Despite the air of impending crisis preceding World War I, the city grew constantly until 1914. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All By that year it had become one of the most densely-populated industrial cities in the world —13,280 inhabitants per square kilometer (34,395/sq mi). A major battle was fought near the city in late 1914, and as a result the city came under German occupation, but with Polish independence restored in November 1918 the local population liberated the city and disarmed the German troops. The Battle of Łódź took place from November 11 to December 6, 1914, near the city of Łódź in Poland. See also Second Polish Republic The History of interwar Poland starts with the recreation of independent Poland in 1918 and ends with the occupation of In the aftermath of World War I, Łódź lost approximately 40% of its inhabitants, mostly owing to draft, diseases and because a huge part of the German population moved to Germany.

In 1922, Łódź became the capital of the Łódź Voivodeship, but the period of rapid growth had ceased. Łódź Voivodeship (also known as Łódź Province or by its Polish name of województwo łódzkie or simply Łódzkie) is a province ( voivodeship The Great Depression of the 1930s and the Customs War with Germany closed western markets to Polish textiles while the Bolshevik Revolution (1917) and the Civil War in Russia (1918–1922) put an end to the most profitable trade with the East. A Customs war, also known as a toll war or tariff war, is a type of economical conflict between two or more states See also Russian Revolution (1905 The Russian Revolution of 1916 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed The city became a scene of a series of huge workers' protests and riots in the interbellum. On 13 September 1925 a new airport, Lublinek Airport, started operations near the city of Łódź. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Year 1925 ( MCMXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Łódź Władysław Reymont Airport, formerly known as Łódź-Lublinek Airport, is a regional Airport in central Poland, located approximately southwest In the interwar years Łódź continued to be a diverse city, with the 1931 census showing that the total population of 604,470 included 315,622 (52. 21%) Poles, 202,497 (33. 49%) Jews and 86,351 (14. 28%) Germans (determination based on the declaration of language used).

World War II

During the Invasion of Poland the Polish forces of the Łódź Army of General Juliusz Rómmel defended Łódź against initial German attacks. The Ghetto Litzmannstadt was the second-largest Ghetto (after the Warsaw Ghetto) established for Jews and Roma in German -occupied The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Łódź Army (Armia Łódź was one of the Polish armies that took part in the Polish Defensive War of 1939. Juliusz Rómmel ( Baron Julius Karl Wilhelm Josef von Rommel born June 3 1881 in Grodno - died September 8 1967 in Warsaw) was a Polish However, the Wehrmacht captured the city on September 8. Wehrmacht (literally "defense force" was the name of the unified Armed forces of Germany from 1935 to 1945 Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Despite plans for the city to become a Polish enclave, attached to the General Government, the Nazi hierarchy respected the wishes of the local governor of Reichsgau Wartheland, Arthur Greiser, and of many of the ethnic Germans living in the city, and annexed it to the Reich in November 1939. The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation Reichsgau Wartheland (initially Reichsgau Posen, sometimes briefly called Warthegau) was the name given by Nazi German government to the largest subdivision Arthur Greiser ( January 22, 1897 &ndash July 14, 1946) was a Nazi German Politician and SS The city received the new name of Litzmannstadt after the German general Karl Litzmann, who captured the city during World War I. Karl von Litzmann ( January 22 1850 in Neuglobsow, Brandenburg - May 28 1936 in Neuglobsow was a German World World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Nevertheless, many Łódź Germans refused to sign Volksliste and become Volksdeutsche, instead being deported to the General Government. The Deutsche Volksliste (German People's List was a Nazi institution whose purpose was the classification of inhabitants of Nazi occupied territories into categories of desirability according This page describes the origins and historical use of the term Volksdeutsche. The General Government (Generalgouvernement refers to a part of the territories of Poland (and Ostrava Czechoslovakia under German Military occupation

Soon the Nazi authorities set up the Łódź Ghetto in the city and populated it with more than 200,000 Jews from the Łódź area. The Ghetto Litzmannstadt was the second-largest Ghetto (after the Warsaw Ghetto) established for Jews and Roma in German -occupied Only about 900 people survived the liquidation of the ghetto in August 1944. Several concentration camps and death camps arose in the city's vicinity for the non-Jewish inhabitants of the regions, among them the infamous Radogoszcz prison and several minor camps for the Roma people and for Polish children. Internment is the imprisonment or confinement of people commonly in large groups without trial Extermination camps were two types of facilities that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins

. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya

By the end of World War II, Łódź had lost approximately 420,000 of its pre-war inhabitants: 300,000 Polish Jews and approximately 120,000 other Poles. In January 1945 most of the German population fled the city for fear of the Red Army. The Red Army ( Russian: Рабоче-Крестьянская Красная Армия R aboche- K rest'yanskaya K rasnaya A rmiya The city also suffered tremendous losses due to the German policy of requisition of all factories and machines and transporting them to Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Thus despite relatively small losses due to aerial bombardment and the fighting, Łódź had lost most of its infrastructure.

The Soviet Red Army entered the city on January 18, 1945. A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar According to Marshal Katukov, whose forces participated in the operation, the Germans retreated so suddenly that they had no time to evacuate or destroy the Łódź factories, as they did in other cities. ^[1] In time, Łódź became part of the People's Republic of Poland. The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian

Prior to World War II, the Jewish population of Łódź numbered about 233,000, accounting for one-third of the city’s population. The community was wiped out in the Holocaust. The Holocaust (from the Greek el ''ὁλόκαυστον'' (el-Latn holókauston holos, "completely" and kaustos, "burnt" also known as ^[2]

After 1945

In early 1945, Łódź had fewer than 300,000 inhabitants. However the number began to grow as refugees from Warsaw and territories annexed by the Soviet Union immigrated. The Curzon Line was a Demarcation line proposed in 1920 by the British Foreign Secretary George Nathaniel Curzon 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston Until 1948 the city served as a de facto capital of Poland, since events during and after the Warsaw uprising had thoroughly destroyed Warsaw, and most of the government and country administration resided in Łódź. The Warsaw Uprising ( Powstanie Warszawskie) was a World War II struggle by the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw Some planned moving the capital there permanently, however this idea did not gain popular support and in 1948 the reconstruction of Warsaw began. Under the Polish Communist regime many of the industrialist families lost their wealth when the authorities nationalised private companies. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, baron, or industrialist, is a person who has reached a prominent place in Nationalization, also spelled nationalisation, is the act of taking an industry or assets into the Public ownership of a national government Once again the city became a major centre of industry. After the period of economic transition during the 1990s most enterprises were again privatised.

Historical population

1793: 190 1806: 767 1830: 4,300 1850: 15,800 1880: 77,600 1905: 343,900 1925: 538,600 1990: 850,000 2003: 781,900 2005: 767,628

Łódź in literature and cinema

Two major novels depict the development of industrial Łódź. Władysław Reymont's Ziemia Obiecana (The Promised Land) (1898) and Israel Joshua Singer's Di Brider Ashkenazi (The Brothers Ashkenazi) (1937). Władysław Stanisław Reymont (May 7 1868 &ndash December 5 1925 was a Polish author and Nobel laureate. Israel Joshua Singer ( November 30, 1893, Biłgoraj, Poland - February 10, 1944 New York) was a Yiddish Reymont's novel was made into a film by Andrzej Wajda in 1975: see The Promised Land. Andrzej Wajda (born 6 March 1926 in Suwałki) is an award-winning Polish Film director. This article is about "The Promised Land" film For the novel see The Promised Land (novel. Łódź is the first city destroyed by a nuclear attack from the USSR in John Birmingham's Axis of Time trilogy. John Birmingham (born 7 August 1964 is an Australian author Birmingham was born in Liverpool, England and migrated to Australia with his parents in The Axis of Time Trilogy is an Alternate history series of Novels written by Australian journalist and author John Birmingham Łódź also plays a major part in the WorldWar and Colonization sagas by Harry Turtledove. Worldwar is a series of four Alternate history Science fiction novels by Harry Turtledove. Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14 1949) is an American historian and novelist who has written Historical fiction, Fantasy, and Scenes of David Lynch's 2006 film Inland Empire were shot in Łódź. David Keith Lynch (born January 20 1946 is an American director, Screenwriter, producer, painter, Cartoonist, Composer INLAND EMPIRE is a 2006 feature film written and directed by David Lynch.

Tourism

Many tourists in Łódź visit Piotrkowska Street, which stretches north to south for a little over five kilometres, making it the longest commercial street in the world. Piotrkowska Street (in Polish: Ulica Piotrkowska) the main artery of Łódź, Poland, is one of the longest commercial thoroughfares in Recently renovated, it has many beautiful buildings dating back to the 19th century, in the Art Nouveau architectural style. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Although Łódź does not have any hills nor any large body of water, one can still get close to nature in one of the city's many parks, most notably Łagiewniki (the largest city park in Europe), Zdrowie, and Poniatowski. Łódź Zoo, and Łódź Botanical Gardens also offer pleasant opportunities for leisure. Łódź has one of the best museums of modern art in Poland, Muzeum Sztuki on Więckowskiego Street, which displays art by all important contemporary Polish artists. Despite insufficient exhibition space (many very impressive paintings and sculptures lie in storage in the basement), there are plans to move the museum to a larger space in the near future.

Old postindustrial buildings are now being restored, among them a factory built by Izrael Poznanski, one of Europe's largest textile factories.

Economy

Before 1990, Łódź's economy focused on the textile industry, which in the nineteenth century had developed in the city owing to the favourable chemical composition of its water. As a result, Łódź grew from a population of 13,000 in 1840 to over 500,000 in 1913. By just before World War I Łódź had become one of the most densely populated industrial cities in the world, with 13,280 inhabitants per square kilometer (34,395/sq mi). The textile industry declined dramatically in 1990 and 1991, and no major textile company survives in Łódź today. However, countless small companies still provide a significant output of textiles, mostly for export to Russia and other countries of the former Soviet Union.

The city benefits from its central location in Poland. A number of firms have located their logistics centers nearby. Two planned motorways, A1 spanning the country from north to south, and A2 doing the same from east to west, will intersect just to the northeast of the city. The A1 motorway in Poland is a planned Motorway which when completed will run from North to South through central Poland from Gdańsk History The first highway planned along part of this route was a Reichsautobahn initiated by Nazi Germany to connect Berlin with Poznań (Posen When these motorways are completed around 2010, the advantages due to the city's central location will increase even further. Work has also began on upgrading the rail connection to Warsaw, which at present is completely inadequate as it takes almost 2 hours to make the 137 km (85 mi) journey by train. In the next few years much of the track will be modified to handle trains moving at 160 km/h (99 mph), cutting the travel time to about 75 minutes.

Education

See also: Education in Łódź

Currently Łódź hosts three major state-owned universities and a number of smaller schools of higher education. Currently Łódź is home to three major state-owned universities and a number of smaller schools of higher education A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects The tertiary institutes with the most students in Łódź include:

• University of Łódź (Uniwersytet Łódzki)
• Technical University of Łódź (Politechnika Łódzka)
• Medical University of Łódź (Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi)
• National Film School in Łódź (Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna w Łodzi)
• Academy of Fine Arts and Design (Akademia Sztuk Pięknych im. The University of Łódź was founded May 24, 1945 in Łódź, as a continuation of the achievements The Technical University of Łódź was created in 1945 and has developed into one of the biggest in Poland. The Medical University of Łódź was founded on October 1 2002 as a merger of the Medical Academy of Łódź (founded January 1 The Leon Schiller 's National Higher School of Film Television and Theatre in Łódź ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa Telewizyjna i Teatralna im Wł. Strzemińskiego w Łodzi)

The Łódź Film School

Main article: National Film School in Łódź

The Leon Schiller's National Higher School of Film, Television and Theatre in Łódź (Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa, Telewizyjna i Teatralna im. The Leon Schiller 's National Higher School of Film Television and Theatre in Łódź ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa Telewizyjna i Teatralna im Leon Schiller de Schildenfeld ( April 14, 1887 - March 25, 1954) was a Polish theater and film director critic and theoretician Leona Schillera w Łodzi) is the most notable academy for future actors, directors, photographers, camera operators and TV staff in Poland. It was founded on March 8, 1948 and was initially planned to be moved to Warsaw as soon as the city was rebuilt following the Warsaw Uprising. The Warsaw Uprising ( Powstanie Warszawskie) was a World War II struggle by the Polish Home Army ( Armia Krajowa) to liberate Warsaw However, in the end the school remained in Łódź and today is one of the best-known institutions of higher education in that town.

At the end of the Second World War Łódź remained the only large Polish town besides Kraków which war had not destroyed. The creation of the National Film School gave the town a role of greater importance from a cultural viewpoint, which before the war had belonged exclusively to Warsaw and Kraków. The Leon Schiller 's National Higher School of Film Television and Theatre in Łódź ( Państwowa Wyższa Szkoła Filmowa Telewizyjna i Teatralna im Early students of the School include the directors Andrzej Munk, Andrzej Wajda, Kazimierz Karabasz (one of the founders of the so called Black Series of Polish Documentary) and Janusz Morgenstern, who at the end of the Fifties became famous as one of the founders of the Polish Film School of Cinematography. Andrzej Munk (October 16 1920&ndashSeptember 20 1961 was a Polish film director screenplay writer and camera operator and was one of the most influential artists of the Andrzej Wajda (born 6 March 1926 in Suwałki) is an award-winning Polish Film director. Kazimierz Karabasz (born May 6, 1930 in Bydgoszcz, Poland) is a Polish Documentary filmmaker Although his work is now Polish Film School ( Polish Polska Szkoła Filmowa) refers to an informal group of Polish film directors and screenplay writers active between 1955 and approximately

Immediately after the war, Jerzy Bossak, Wanda Jakubowska, Stanisław Wohl, Antoni Bohdziewicz and Jerzy Toeplitz worked as the first teachers. Wanda Jakubowska (born 10 October 1907 in Warsaw - died 25 February 1998 in Warsaw was a Polish film director Antoni Bohdziewicz ( 1906-09-11 - 1970-10-20) was a Polish screenplay writer and director best known for his 1956 adaptation of Zemsta Jerzy Toeplitz was born in 1909 in Charkof in the USSR He was educated in Warsaw The internationally renowned film director Roman Polański was among the many talented students who attended the School in the 1950's. Łódź's cinematic involvement and its Hollywood-style star walk on Piotrkowska Street have earned it the nickname "Holly-Łódź". The school is also associated with the Camerimage Film Festival, which occurs annually in late November and early December. The International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography CAMERIMAGE is the greatest and most recognized festival dedicated to the art of Cinematography and its creators - Founded in Toruń in 1993, the festival was specifically organised to focus on the art of cinematography and is well-attended every year by world-renowned cinematographers, many of whom also participate in seminars, workshops, retrospectives and Q&A sessions. Toruń Lublin Voivodeship Toruń (Thorn Torń Thorunium see also other names) is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River with population See also Filmmaking Cinematography (from Greek: kinesis κινησις (movement and grapho γραφω (to record is the discipline Because of both subject matter and attendee composition, it is considered a key event for industry exhibitors, who often make European debuts of their products here.

Politics

Łódź constituency

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Łódź constituency:

• Wojciech Olejniczak, LiD
• Zdzisława Janowska, LiD
• Mirosław Drzewiecki, PO
• Iwona Śledzińska-Katarasińska, PO
• Hanna Zdanowska, PO
• Cezary Grabarczyk, PO
• Joanna Skrzydlewska, PO
• Piotr Krzywicki, PiS
• Jarosław Jagiełło, PiS

Members of Parliament (Senat) elected from Łódź constituency:

• Krzysztof Kwiatkowski, PO
• Maciej Grubski, PO

Mayor

• Waldemar Bohdanowicz, Solidarity (November 1989–1990) - appointed by Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki. The Technical University of Łódź was created in 1945 and has developed into one of the biggest in Poland. Mirosław Drzewiecki (miˈrɔswaf dʒɛˈvʲɛtskʲi (born July 8 1956 in Łódź) is a Polish politician representing Platforma Obywatelska Iwona Śledzińska-Katarasińska (born January 03, 1941 in Komorniki) is a Polish politician Cezary Grabarczyk (tsɛˈzarɨ graˈbartʃɨk born April 26, 1960 in Łódź) is a Polish politician Joanna Skrzydlewska (born February 17, 1977 in Łodź) is a Polish politician Piotr Krzywicki (born October 22, 1964 in Poddębice) is a Polish politician Jarosław Jagiełło (born May 15, 1971 in Łódź) is a Polish politician Tadeusz Mazowiecki (taˈdɛuʃ mazɔˈvʲɛʦkʲi born April 18 1927 in Płock) is a Polish author journalist social worker and politician formerly one of the
• Grzegorz Palka (1990–1994)
• Marek Czekalski, Freedom Union (1994–1998)
• Tadeusz Matusiak, SLD (1998–2001)
• Krzysztof Panas, SLD (2001–2002)
• Krzysztof Jagiełło, SLD (2002)
• Jerzy Kropiwnicki, Christian-National Union (ZChN) (2002—)

Sister city

Stuttgart, Germany

Sports

• Widzew Łódź - men's football team (established in 1922), (Polish Champion 1981, 1982, 1996, 1997; Polish Cup winner: 1985; Polish SuperCup winner: 1996; 1st league (Orange Ekstraklasa) in 2006/2007 season)
• ŁKS Łódź - men's football team (established in 1908), (Polish Champion 1958, 1998; Polish Cup winner 1957; 1st league (Orange Ekstraklasa) in 2006/2007 season)
• ŁKS Lotto Łódź - women's basketball team, 6th place in Sharp Torell Basket Liga in 2003–2004 season
• KS Społem Łódź - leading youth road and track cycling team in Poland
• Budowlani Łódź- winner of Polish Rugby League in 2006/2007

Notable residents

• Grażyna Bacewicz, composer
• Aleksander Bardini, stage director and actor
• Andrzej Bartkowiak, cameraman and film director
• Kazimierz Brandys, writer
• Artur Brauner, film producer
• Jacob Bronowski, writer,
• Roman Cycowski, singer, bariton, member of the Comedian Harmonists ensemble
• Karl Dedecius, translator
• Szymon Dzigan, Israeli-US Yiddish comedian, born in Baluty, now in Łódź
• Max Factor, Sr., Businessman, founder of the Max Factor cosmetics company
• Avraham Halfi, Israeli Hebrew actor and poet
• Josef Joffe, journalist
• Jan Karski, Diplomat and antinazi resistant
• Małgorzata Kadziela, chemical engineer
• Paul Klecki, conductor
• Jerzy Kosinski, writer
• Feliks W. Kres, fantasy writer,
• Daniel Libeskind, architect
• Tadeusz Miciński, poet,
• Zew Wawa Morejno, Chief Rabbi
• Zbigniew Nienacki, writer
• Lukasz Ochmanski, Stony Brook University Swimmer
• Władysław Pasikowski, director
• Marian Piechal, poet and essayist
• Roman Polanski, cinema director
• Greg Przygocki, music business executive
• Zbigniew Rybczyński animator and Oscar winner
• Israel Rabon, poet
• Władysław Reymont, writer , Nobel Prize winner
• Stefan Rozental, nuclear physicist
• Artur Rubinstein, pianist, settled
• Andrzej Sapkowski, fantasy writer
• Euzebiusz Smolarek, footballer
• Piotr Sobociński, cinematographer
• Andrzej Sontag, track-and-field star
• Władysław Strzemiński, painter,
• Arthur Szyk, artist
• Aleksander Tansman, Composer and pianist
• Julian Tuwim, poet
• Miś Uszatek, cartoon character

Projects of development

References

Bibliography

• "A Stairwell in Lodz," Constance Cappel, 2004, Xlibris, (in English).
• "Lodz – The Last Ghetto in Poland," Michal Unger, Yad Vashem, 600 pages (in Hebrew)

External links

• Official website
• City map of Łódź
• Historic images of Łódź
• Łódź Special Economic Zone
• Łódź-Lublinek Airport
• The Łódź Ghetto
• Lodz travel guide from Wikitravel
• Łódź 2016 - Official site of candidate for European Capital of Culture

Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide.

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