| İzmit | |
 |
|
  İzmit
|
|
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Marmara |
| Province | Kocaeli |
| Area | |
| - Metro | 3,524 km² (1,360. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 6 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 100 m (328 ft) |
| Population (2007)[1] | |
| - City | 248,424 |
| - Density | 400. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/km² (1,037. 5/sq mi) |
| - Metro | 1,411,845 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Postal code | 41xxx |
| Area code(s) | (+90) 262 |
| Licence plate | 41 |
| Website: Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality |
|
İzmit (ancient Nicomedia) is a city in Turkey, administrative center of Kocaeli Province as well as the Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Turkish car number plates are License plates found on Turkish vehicles Nicomedia ( Greek: Νικομήδεια modern İzmit) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Kocaeli is a province of Turkey. Its capital is İzmit, which is sometimes referred to as Kocaeli itself A metropolitan municipality is a type of Municipality established in some countries to serve a Metropolitan area. It is located at the Gulf of İzmit (the ancient Gulf of Astacus) in the Sea of Marmara, about 100 km (62 mi) east of İstanbul, on the northwestern part of Anatolia. The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The city centre has a population of 248,424 (2007 census). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The urban area has a population of 577,932 inhabitants and is part of Kocaeli Metropolitan Municipality, which has the same border as Kocaeli Province with a population of 1,411,845 inhabitants.
İzmit (Nicomedia) was the eastern and most senior capital city of the Roman Empire between 286 and 324, during the Tetrarchy introduced by Diocletian. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial For the processor see Intel 80286. Events By Place Roman Empire March 1 — Diocletian Events By Place Roman Empire July 3 — Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, forcing him Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Following Constantine's defeat of co-emperor Licinius at the Battle of Chrysopolis (Üsküdar) in 324, Nicomedia served as an interim capital city for Constantine the Great between 324 and 330, until the nearby Byzantium was officially declared Nova Roma (later known as Constantinople, present-day Istanbul. Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine For other Romans of this name see Licinius (gens. Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c The Battle of Chrysopolis was fought on 18 September 324 in Chrysopolis ( Üsküdar) near Chalcedon ( Kadıköy) between Üsküdar is a large and densely populated suburb of Istanbul, on the Anatolian shore of the Bosphorus right opposite the heart of the great city next Events By Place Roman Empire July 3 — Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, forcing him Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Events By Place Roman Empire July 3 — Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, forcing him Events By Place Roman Empire May 11 — Constantine I refounds Byzantium, renames it New Rome This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM The term " New Rome " has been used in the following contexts Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey )
Contents |
Defining İzmit
The geological location of İzmit is between 40°-41° N and 29°-31° E, surrounded by the Gulf of İzmit at south, İstanbul and the Sea of Marmara at west, the Black Sea at north, and Sakarya at east. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey
The city is mostly built on hill slopes because of the cramped area, while flat plains are located around the gulf, near the sea. This topographic structure divided the city in two different parts. The first part was created on flat plains, where the city center is also located. The railway and highway networks also pass from this area which is close to the Sea of Marmara. The second part was built on hills, with many historic houses from the Ottoman period in the old quarters. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
Climate
The local climate, more temperate near the Gulf of İzmit (Körfez in Turkish) and the Black Sea, more severe in the mountains, constitutes a transition between Mediterranean and Black Sea types; the typical urban summer here is hot and dry, the winter wet, however, Izmit and Marmara lack the refreshing summer breezes of the northern reaches, and can become humid. The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian
The highest recorded temperature in the city (11 Aug 1970) was 41. 6°C , the lowest (4 Feb 1960) -8. 7°C , while the yearly average stands at 14. 8°C .
The Black Sea coast sees an annual rainfall of 1000mm. , which gradually lessens south-eastwards: Izmit, for example, generally gets less than 800mm. The south-facing slopes of the Samanlı mountains, near Körfez, experience conditions similar to Black Sea coastal regions. Winter winds blow from the south to south-east, while in summer mainly south-easterly.
Features
There are numerous tourist attractions both in the city centre and its adjacent region, such as the remains of the ancient Acropolis, Agora, Amphitheater, Nymphaeum, Necropolis, Demeter Temple and the Hellenistic Üçtepeler Mound King Tombs, the Roman city walls, parts of the Temple of Augustus, parts of the Palace and Arsenal of Diocletian, Roman aqueducts and cisterns, a Byzantine fortress at the core of the Roman city walls, Orhan Gazi Mosque (1333), the 14th century Süleyman Paşa Hamam, the 16th century Imaret Mosque and Pertev Paşa Mosque (1580) designed by the great Ottoman architect Sinan, Pertev Paşa Fountain (1571), the 16th century Mehmed Bey Hamam, Saatçi Ali Efendi Mansion (1776), Tüysüz Fountain (1782), the early 19th century Fevziye Mosque, Kapanca Sokağı Fountain and Canfeda Kethüda Kadın Fountain (1827), the mid 19th century Sırrı Paşa Mansion, Kasr-ı Hümayun Palace and the French Theological School, Redif Barracks (1863), and the İzmit Clock Tower (1901). Demeter (dɨˈmiːtɚ Greek:, possibly "distribution-mother" from the noun of the Indo-European mother-earth * dheghom * mater This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Orhan I ( Ottoman: اورخان غازی Turkish: Orhan Gazi or Orhan Bey) (1284&ndash1359 was the second Bey, or chief of the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Koca Mi‘mār Sinān Āġā ( Ottoman Turkish: خوجه معمار سنان آغا ( April 15, 1489 - April 09, A clock tower is a Tower built with one or more (often four Clock faces.
Economy
İzmit is an important industrial centre, with a large oil refinery, and major paper and cement factories. An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Ford Motor Company has a plant here in a joint venture with Otosan, assembling the Transit/Tourneo and Transit/Tourneo Connect vans. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Otosan (abbreviated from Otomobil Sanayi Turkish for automotive industry is a Turkish Automotive production The Ford Transit is a range of Panel vans minibuses and pickup trucks produced by the Ford Motor Company in Europe. The Ford Transit Connect is a compact Panel van developed by Ford Europe and introduced in 2002 It is also a transportation hub, being located on the main highway and railway lines between İstanbul and Ankara, and having a major port. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. ||-||-|-||-||-||-||-||-||-|} A port is a facility for receiving Ships and transferring cargo
In the past few years the province has developed into a growth point for the automotive industry, receiving investment from Ford, Hyundai, Honda and Isuzu. The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles Tyre and rubber products are produced to world class standard (Goodyear, Pirelli, Lassa and Bridgestone). Today Kocaeli province has grown 1200 industrial investments of which 108 have been established with international capital. Turkey’s largest enterprise, Tüpraş Petroleum Refinery Plant, is also located in Kocaeli, containing altogether 27% of the national chemical industry (petro-chemical included), including 18 of the 100 largest enterprises of Turkey are located in Kocaeli and paying 17-18% of the national tax revenues.
Financial Times affiliated Foreign Direct Investment Magazine nominated Kocaeli (the province of which İzmit is the capital) among the 25 European Regions of the Future for 2006-2007. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. Foreign direct investment ( FDI) in its classic definition is defined as a company from one country making a physical investment into building a factory in another country Kocaeli is a province of Turkey. Its capital is İzmit, which is sometimes referred to as Kocaeli itself Europe is often divided into regions due to geographical cultural or historical criteria Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [1] The city was chosen along with Adana for Turkey, which scored the most points for cost effectiveness against Kocaeli's wider infrastructure, while Adana and Kocaeli tied on points for human resources and quality of life. Adana (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches
The famous Turkish traditional sweet Pişmaniye is a product of İzmit and the Kocaeli Province. Pişmaniye or pishmaniye is a Turkish dessert that is a kind of Candy floss made up of thousands of strands of flour and sugar and Kocaeli is a province of Turkey. Its capital is İzmit, which is sometimes referred to as Kocaeli itself
Transport
Being located along the commercially-active Black Sea and Marmara Sea shorelines, Kocaeli boasts 5 ports and 35 industrial docks, making it an important communications centre, as well as Anatolia’s farthest inland contact point and a gateway to global markets. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The main transportation routes, the D-100 highway and the E-6 TEM (Trans European Motorway) which connects Europe with Asia, along with railway lines, form an intercontinental passage network. Kocaeli neighbours one of the world’s largest metropolitan centres, Istanbul. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Its vicinity to Istanbul's two international airports (Sabiha Gökçen International Airport and Atatürk International Airport) which are 45 and 80 km (50 mi) away, respectively, from İzmit's city centre, provides national and international connections. Sabiha Gökçen International Airport is one of the Airports serving Istanbul, Turkey. Atatürk International Airport (formerly Yeşilköy International Airport) (Atatürk Uluslararası Havalimanı is the major international Airport in Istanbul
Education
Kocaeli University was established in the city in 1992. Kocaeli University (KOU is a state university in Kocaeli, Turkey. The university has more than 50,000 students.
History
In antiquity, the city was called Astacus or Olbia (founded 712 BC). Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate Nicomedia ( Greek: Νικομήδεια modern İzmit) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens Events and trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria. After being destroyed, it was rebuilt and founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia in 264 BC under the name of Nicomedia, and has ever since been one of the most important cities in northwestern Asia Minor. Nicomedes I (in Greek Nικoμηδης 278&ndashc 255 BC second king of Bithynia, was the eldest son of Zipoites, whom he succeeded on the Events By place Greece Abantidas, the son of Paseas, becomes Tyrant of the Greek city-state of Sicyon after Nicomedia ( Greek: Νικομήδεια modern İzmit) was founded by Nicomedes I of Bithynia at the head of the Gulf of Astacus which opens Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Hannibal came to Nicomedia in his final years and committed suicide in nearby Libyssa (Gebze). Hannibal (Pronounced in Phoenician: Hanniba'al means " Ba'al is my grace " or " Ba'al has given me grace " 247 BC &ndash Gebze (Ancient name Dakibyza) is an industrial town in Kocaeli Province, Turkey. The historian Arrian was born there. For others with this name see Arrianus (disambiguation. Lucius Flavius Arrianus 'Xenophon' (ca Nicomedia was the metropolis of Bithynia under the Roman Empire (see Nicaea), and Diocletian made it the eastern capital city of the Roman Empire in 286 when he introduced the Tetrarchy system. Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate For the processor see Intel 80286. Events By Place Roman Empire March 1 — Diocletian Tetrarchy ( Greek: "leadership of four " can be applied to any system of government where power is divided between four individuals Nicomedia remained as the eastern (and most senior) capital of the Roman Empire until Licinius was defeated by Constantine the Great in 324. For other Romans of this name see Licinius (gens. Valerius Licinianus Licinius (c Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus (27 February ca. 272 &ndash 22 May 337 commonly known as Constantine I, Constantine the Great, or Saint Constantine Events By Place Roman Empire July 3 — Battle of Adrianople: Constantine I defeats Licinius, forcing him Constantine mainly resided in Nicomedia as his interim capital city for the next six years, until in 330 he declared the nearby Byzantium as Nova Roma, which eventually became known as Constantinople (present-day Istanbul). Events By Place Roman Empire May 11 — Constantine I refounds Byzantium, renames it New Rome This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey Constantine died in a royal villa at the vicinity of Nicomedia in 337. Events By Place Roman Empire September 9 — Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans succeed their Owing to its position at the convergence of the Asiatic roads leading to the new capital, Nicomedia retained its importance even after the foundation of Constantinople.
The city was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in 1338. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
The earthquake of August 17, 1999 (magnitude 7. The 1999 İzmit Earthquake was an approximately 76 magnitude earthquake that struck northwestern Turkey on August 17, 1999 Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released 4) devastated the region, killing more than 19,000 people and leaving many more homeless. It took several years for the city to recover from this disaster; but the scars, especially on the memories of the residents - many of whom lost loved ones, can still be observed.
Views from İzmit
 Gulf of İzmit |
 İzmit Clock Tower |
 Roman aqueduct |
 Temple of Augustus |
 TCG Gayret Museum |
Historic and modern sites in and around İzmit
- Agora of İzmit
- Citadel of İzmit
- Temple of Augustus of İzmit
- İzmit Bay Bridge
- Bayramoğlu Bird Paradise & Botanic Garden
Sister Cities
- Ulsan, South Korea
References
2. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was The İzmit Bay Bridge is a planned Suspension bridge located at the eastern end of the Sea of Marmara, close to Izmit and approximately 50 kilometers Kassel (until 1926 officially Cassel) is a city situated along the Fulda River in northern Hessen, Germany, one of the two sources of the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Ulsan is a metropolitan city in the south-east of South Korea, facing the East Sea South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Székesfehérvár (ˈseːkɛʃfɛˈheːrvaːr, colloquial Fehérvár Stuhlweißenburg İstolni Belgrad is a city in central Hungary, located around southwest of Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Nicomedia (Izmit Tarihi) by Avni Öztüre
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic