İzmir
Port of İzmir as seen from Konak Pier
İzmir Location of İzmir
Coordinates: 38°26′N 27°09′E / 38.433, 27.15
Country	Turkey
Region
Province	İzmir
Area
- City	855. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 00 km² (330. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi)
Elevation	30 m (98 ft)
Population (2007)[1]
- City	2,649,582
- Density	3,099. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 00/km² (8,026. 4/sq mi)
- Urban	2,606,294
Time zone	EET (UTC+2)
- Summer (DST)	EEST (UTC+3)
Postal code	35xxx
Area code(s)	(0090)+ 232
Licence plate	35
Website: www.izmir.bel.tr

İzmir, historically Smyrna, is the third most populous city of Turkey and the country's largest port after İstanbul. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Turkish car number plates are License plates found on Turkish vehicles This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey It is located in the Gulf of İzmir, by the Aegean Sea. The Gulf of İzmir (İzmir Körfezi formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna, is an inlet of the Aegean Sea. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. It is the capital of İzmir Province. İzmir is a province of Turkey in western Anatolia on the Aegean coast whose capital is the city of Izmir. Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i The city of İzmir is composed of 9 metropolitan districts (Balçova, Bornova, Buca, Çiğli, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karşıyaka, Konak, and Narlıdere), each with its own distinct features and temperament. A metropolitan borough is a type of local government district in England covering urban areas within metropolitan counties. Balçova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the smallest in terms Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest Buca is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir. Çiğli is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir and constitutes the northern end of the greater Gaziemir is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir and is situated to the south of central Güzelbahçe is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, one of the smallest Karşıyaka is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the second largest Konak is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey and one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir city Narlıdere is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, one of the smallest The total population as of 2007 is 2,649,582, of which 2,606,294 is urban. ^[1] The total area of the nine districts is 855 km². ^[2]

İzmir has almost 3,500 years of urban past, and possibly that much more of advanced human settlement. Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area It is Turkey's first port for exports and its free zone, a Turkish-U.S. joint-venture established in 1990, is the leader among the twenty in Turkey. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A joint venture (often abbreviated JV) is an entity formed between two or more parties to undertake economic activity together Its workforce, and particularly its rising class of young professionals, concentrated either in the city or in its immediate vicinity (such as in Manisa), and under either larger companies or SMEs, affirm their name in an increasingly wider global scale and intensity ^[3]. Manisa ( Ottoman Turkish: مانيسا Manisa; Greek: Μαγνησία Latin: Magnesia) is a large city in Turkey 's Small and medium enterprises (also SMEs, small and medium businesses, SMBs, and variations thereof are companies whose headcount or İzmir is widely regarded as one of the most liberal Turkish cities in terms of values, ideology, lifestyle, dynamism and gender roles. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal It is a stronghold of the Republican People's Party, although it lost a lot of ground to the ruling AKP party in the 2007 election. The Republican People's Party (Turkish Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi or CHP) is the oldest political party in the Republic of Turkey.

The city hosts an international arts festival during June and July, and the İzmir International Fair, one among the city's many fair and exhibition events, is held in the beginning of September every year. İzmir International Fair is the oldest tradeshow in Turkey, considered the cradle of Turkey's fairs and expositions industry and is also notable for hosting a series of It is served by national and international flights through Adnan Menderes Airport and there is a modern rapid transit line running Southwest to Northeast. İzmir Adnan Menderes International Airport is an airport serving İzmir and is named after the Turkish politician and former prime minister Adnan Menderes A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway İzmir hosted the Mediterranean Games in 1971 and the World University Games (Universiade) in 2005. The Mediterranean Games are a multi-sport games held every four years mainly for nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea, where Europe Africa and Asia meet The Universiade is an International Multi-sport event, organized for University athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU The Universiade is an International Multi-sport event, organized for University athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU It had a running bid submitted to the BIE to host the Universal Expo 2015, in March, 2008, that was lost to Milan. The Bureau of International Expositions ( Bureau International des Expositions in French also known popularly by its acronym the B Expo (short for "exposition" and also known as World Fair and World's Fair) is the name given to various large public exhibitions held since the Expo 2015 is the next scheduled Universal Exposition after Expo 2010, and will be hosted by Milan, Italy. Modern İzmir also incorporates the nearby ancient cities of Ephesus, Pergamon, Sardis and Klazomenai, and centers of international tourism such as Kuşadası, Çeşme, Mordoğan and Foça. Ephesus ( Hittite Apasa; Ancient Greek; Turkish Efes) was a city of ancient Anatolia. Sardis, also Sardes ( Lydian: Sfard, Greek: Σάρδεις, Persian: Sparda) modern Sart in Klazomenai (also spelled Clazomenae, Greek: Κλαζομεναί, modern-day Kilizman near İzmir in Turkey) was an Kuşadası is a Resort town in Turkey 's Aegean coast and the center of the district of the same name in Aydın Province. Çeşme ( Greek: Κρήνη, transliteration Kríni or Krēnē) is a coastal town and the center-town of the district of the same Mordoğan is a sea-side township with own municipality in Karaburun district in Turkey 's İzmir Province. This article is about the modern city For the ancient Ionian Greek city see Phocaea Foça is a district as well as the center town of that

Despite its advantageous location and its heritage, until recently İzmir has suffered, as one author puts it, from a "sketchy understanding" in the eyes of outsiders. When the Ottomans took over İzmir in the 15th century they did not inherit compelling historical memories, unlike the two other keys of the trade network, namely İstanbul and Aleppo. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation. Its emergence as a major international port as of the 17th century was largely a result of the attraction it exercised over foreigners, and the city's European orientation. ^[4] Very different people found İzmir attractive over the ages and the city has always been governed by fresh inspirations, including for the very location of its center, and is quick to adopt novelties and projects.

Contents 1 Names and etymology 2 History 2.1 Ancient age 2.2 From the 8th century BC 2.3 Smyrna becomes İzmir 3 Population 4 Main sights 5 İzmir International Fair 6 Climate 7 Cuisine of İzmir 8 Festivals 9 Sports 10 Education 11 Transportation 11.1 Connection with other cities and countries 11.2 Transportation within the city 12 See also 13 Famous inhabitants from various periods 14 Media and art mentioning İzmir 15 Town twinning 16 References 17 Footnotes 18 External links

Names and etymology

“	Izmir is a princess with her most beautiful small hat.	”
—Victor Hugo[5]

The name of a locality called Ti-smurna is mentioned in some of the Level II tablets from the Assyrian colony in Kültepe (first half of the 2nd millennium B. Early history The most Neolithic site in Assyria is at Tell Hassuna, the center of the Hassuna culture For the village in Azerbaijan see Kültəpə. Kültepe is the name of the modern village near the ancient city of Kaneš in central eastern C. ), with the prefix ti- identifying a proper name, although it is not established with certainty that this name refers to İzmir. ^[6] Some would see in the city's name a reference to the name of an Amazon called Smirna. The Amazons (in Greek, grc Ἀμαζόνες are a nation of all-female warriors in Classical and Greek mythology, who were possibly historical

The region of İzmir was situated on the southern fringes of the "Yortan culture" in Anatolia's prehistory, the knowledge of which is almost entirely drawn from its cemeteries ^[7], and in the second half of the 2nd millennium B. C. , in the western end of the extension of the yet largely obscure Arzawa Kingdom, an offshoot and usually a dependency of the Hittites, who themselves spread their direct rule as far as the coast during their Great Kingdom. Arzawa was the name of a region or kingdom in Western Anatolia, which later to be known as Lydia (Assyrian Luddu, Greek Λυδία in the post- Hittite The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established That the realm of the local Luwian ruler who legated the 13th century B. Luwian (sometimes spelled Luvian) is an extinct language of the Anatolian branch of the C. Kemalpaşa Karabel rock carving at a distance of only 50 km from İzmir was called Mira may also leave ground for association with the city's name. Petroglyphs are Images created by removing part of a rock surface by incising pecking carving and abrading ^[8]

The oldest rendering in Greek of the city's name we know is the Aeolic Greek Μύρρα Mýrrha, corresponding to the later Ionian and Attic Σμύρνα (Smýrna) or Σμύρνη (Smýrnē), both presumably descendants of a Proto-Greek form *Smúrnā. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Aeolic Greek (also known as Lesbian Greek) is a linguistic term used to describe a set of rather archaic Greek sub- Dialects spoken Ionic Greek was a sub-dialect of the Attic-Ionic dialectal group of Ancient Greek (see Greek dialects) Attic Greek is the Prestige dialect of Ancient Greece that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens. The Proto-Greek language is the assumed last common ancestor of all known varieties of Greek, including Mycenaean, the classical Greek dialects It would be linked to the name of the Myrrha commifera shrub, a plant that produces the aromatic resin called myrrh and is indigenous to the Middle East and northeastern Africa. Myrrh is a reddish-brown Resinous material the dried sap of the tree Commiphora myrrha, native to Yemen, Somalia The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. The Romans took this name over as Smyrna which is the name still used in English when referring to the city in pre-Turkish periods. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The name İzmir (Ottoman Turkish: إزمير İzmir) is the modern Turkish version of the same name. Ottoman Turkish (Osmanlıca or tr ''Osmanlı Türkçesi'' Ottoman Turkish ota-Latn ''lisân-ı Osmânî'' is the variety of the Turkish language that was used as the Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages.

In Greek it is Σμύρνη (Smýrni), Իզմիր (Izmir) in Armenian, Smirne in Italian, and Izmir (without the Turkish dotted İ) in Ladino. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy.

In English, the city was called Smyrna until the early twentieth century and has been called İzmir since. In written Turkish it is spelled with a dotted İ at the beginning. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages.

İzmir is nicknamed "Occidental İzmir" or "The Pearl of the Aegean". A pearl is a hard roundish object produced within the soft tissue (specifically the mantle) of a living shelled Mollusk. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean.

History

See also: Timeline of İzmir

Ancient age

The city is one of the oldest settlements of the Mediterranean basin. Below is a sequence of some of the events that affected the history of the city of İzmir ( historically also Smyrna) Sources The 2004 discovery of Yeşilova Höyük and the neighboring höyük of Yassıtepe, situated in the plain of Bornova, reset the starting date of the city's past further back than was previously thought. The year 2004 in Archaeology included many events some of which are listed below Yeşilova Höyük is a Höyük ( Mound) situated within the boundaries of the present-day metropolitan district of Bornova, and was the first Tell, tel or tall (تلّ tall, and תֵּל tel) meaning "hill" or "mound" is a type of archaeological Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest The findings of the two seasons of excavations carried out in Yeşilova Höyük by a team of archaeologists from İzmir's Ege University under the direction of Associate Professor Zafer Derin indicate three levels, two of which are prehistoric. Yeşilova Höyük is a Höyük ( Mound) situated within the boundaries of the present-day metropolitan district of Bornova, and was the first Ege University ( Ege Üniversitesi in Turkish) is a Public university in İzmir, Turkey. Yeşilova Höyük is a Höyük ( Mound) situated within the boundaries of the present-day metropolitan district of Bornova, and was the first Level 2 bears traces of early to mid-Chalcolithic, and the Level 3 of Neolithic settlements. The Chalcolithic (Greek khalkos + lithos ' Copper stone' period or Copper Age period known as the '''Eneolithic''' ('''Æneolithic''' is a The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos These two levels would have been inhabited by the indigenous peoples of İzmir, very roughly, between 6500 to 4000 BC. The term Indigenous Peoples or autochthonous peoples can be used to describe any Ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest historical During the 7th millennium BC, Agriculture spreads from Anatolia to the Balkans. The 4th millennium BC saw major changes in human culture It marks the beginning of the Bronze Age and of Writing. With the seashore drawing away in time, the site was later used as a cemetery (several graves containing artifacts dating, roughly, from 3000 BC were found). The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC ^[9]

By 1500 BC the region fell under the influence of the Central Anatolian Hittite Empire. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established The Hittites possessed a script and several localities near İzmir were mentioned in their records. They are associated with the vestiges on top of the Mount Yamanlar overlooking the gulf from the northeast. Yamanlar is the name of a small village and a historically significant mountain ( Yamanlar Dağı) near İzmir, Turkey.

In connection with the silt brought by the streams that join the sea along the coastline of the gulf's end, the settlement that later formed the core of Old Smyrna was founded more to the north-west of the prehistoric settlement and on the slopes of the Mount Yamanlar, on a hill in the present-day quarter of Bayraklı where settlement is thought to stretch back as far as the 3rd millennium BC. The Gulf of İzmir (İzmir Körfezi formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna, is an inlet of the Aegean Sea. Yamanlar is the name of a small village and a historically significant mountain ( Yamanlar Dağı) near İzmir, Turkey. The 3rd millennium BC spans the Early to Middle Bronze Age. It represents a period of time in which Imperialism, or the desire to conquer grew to prominence The hill was possibly an island at the time or perhaps connected to the mainland by a very narrow isthmus. An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger land areas This İzmir preceding Old Smyrna was one of the most advanced cultures in Anatolia of its time and on a par with Troy. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or This phase of the city's history is also when it was associated with the Amazon Smirna. The Amazons (in Greek, grc Ἀμαζόνες are a nation of all-female warriors in Classical and Greek mythology, who were possibly historical The presence of a vineyard of İzmir's Wine and Beer Factory on this hill, also called Tepekule, prevented the urbanization of the site and facilitated the excavations that started in the 1960s by Ekrem Akurgal. Ekrem Akurgal (1911-2002 was a prominent and internationally famous Turkish Archaeologist.

However, in the 1200s BC, invasions from the Balkans destroyed Troy VII and Hattusas, the capital of the Hittite capital. Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or Hattusa (URU Ḫa-at-tu-ša 𒌷𒄩𒀜𒌅𒊭 Unicode cuneiform article to display these cuneiform characters--> The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established Central and Western Anatolia fell back into a Dark Age that lasted until the emergence of the Phrygian civilization in the 8th century BC. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Dark Ages (ca 1150 BC–800 BC refers to Greek history from the presumed Dorian invasion and end of the Mycenaean civilization in the 11th century The 8th century BC started the first day of 800 BC and ended the last day of 701 BC.

Iron Age houses were small, one-room buildings. Klazomenai (also spelled Clazomenae, Greek: Κλαζομεναί, modern-day Kilizman near İzmir in Turkey) was an Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. The oldest house unearthed in Bayraklı is dated to 925 and 900 BC. The walls of this well-preserved one-roomed house (2. 45 x 4 m) were made of sun-dried bricks and the roof of the house was made of reeds. A brick is a block of Ceramic material used in Masonry construction laid using mortar. Phragmites australis, the common reed, is a large perennial grass found in Wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the Around that time, people started to protect the city with thick ramparts made of sun-dried bricks. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors From then on Smyrna achieved an identity of city-state. A city-state is a Region controlled exclusively by a City, usually having Sovereignty. About 1,000 lived inside the city walls, with others living in near-by villages, where fields, olive trees, vineyards, and the workshops of potters and stonecutters were located. See also List of cities with defensive walls A defensive wall is a Fortification used to defend a city or settlement from potential aggressors The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern A vineyard is a Plantation of Grape -bearing Vines grown mainly for Winemaking, but also Raisins Table grapes and non-alcoholic People generally made their living through agriculture and fishing. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish.

Homer
Homer, referred to as Melesigenes which means "Child of Meles Brook" is said to have been born in Smyrna. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Meles Brook is located within the city of İzmir and still carries the same name. Aristotle recounts: "Kriteis. Aristotle (Greek Aristotélēs) (384 BC – 322 BC was a Greek philosopher a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. . . gives birth to Homer near Meles Brook and dies after. Maion brings this child up and names him as Melesigenes ("Child of Meles") to emphasize the place where he was born. " Six other cities claimed Homer as their countryman ^[10], but the main belief is that Homer was born in Ionia and combined with written evidence, it is generally admitted that Smyrna and Chios put forth the strongest arguments in claiming Homer. Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated

From the 8th century BC

Old Smyrna
The term Old Smyrna is used to describe the Greek city-state of the classical era located at the urban settlement in Tepekule, Bayraklı, to make a distinction with Smyrna re-built later on the slopes of Mt. A polis ( πόλις, pronunciation, in English-- plural poleis ( πόλεις, pronunciation, in English --is a City, a Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean Pagos (Kadifekale today). Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, The most important sanctuary of Old Smyrna was the Temple of Athena, restored somewhat today. Sanctuary has multiple meanings A sanctuary is the consecrated area of a church or temple around its tabernacle or altar ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN. The most ancient ruins preserved to our day date back to 725-700 BC.

Greek settlement in Old Smyrna is attested by the presence of pottery dating from about 1000 BC onwards. The city was settled at first by the Aeolians, but shortly thereafter seized by the Ionians and Smyrna was added to the twelve Ionian cities. Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this As such, the city set out on its way to become one of the most prominent cultural and commercial centers of that period in the Mediterranean basin. ^[11]

The period in which Old Smyrna reached its peak was between 650-545 BC. This period was considered to be the most powerful period of the whole Ionian civilization. Under the leadership of the city of Miletus, Ionian colonies were established in Egypt, Syria, the west coasts of Lebanon, the Marmara region, around the Black Sea and in eastern Greece. Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The colonies competed amongst themselves, and were a match for Greece proper in many areas. Smyrna by this point was no longer a small town, but an urban center that took part in the Mediterranean trade.

One of the most important signs of that period is the widespread use of writing beginning with 650 BC. There are many inscriptions on presentations of the gifts dedicated to the goddess Athena, whose temple dates to 640-580 BC. ATHENA was an Antimatter research project that took place at the AD Ring at CERN.

The oldest model of a many-roomed-type house of this period was found in ancient Smyrna. Known to be the oldest house having so many rooms under its roof, this house was built in the second half of 7th century BC. The house has two floors and has five rooms with a courtyard. The houses before this type were composed of megarons standing adjacent to each other. The megaron is the "great hall" of Mycenaean culture The rectangular hall fronted by an open two-columned porch and a more or less central hearth traditional Smyrna was built on the Hippodamian system in which streets run north-south and east-west and intersect at right angles. Hippodamus of Miletus ( or Hippodamos Greek Ἱππόδαμος (498 BC &mdash 408 BC was an ancient Greek Architect Urban Planner Physician Mathematician Meteorologist The houses all faced to the south.

This city plan, which took the name Hippodamus later in the 5th century BC, followed a pattern familiar in the Near East. B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century The city plan in the Bayraklı Höyük (mound) is the earliest example of this type in the Western Hemisphere. Tell, tel or tall (تلّ tall, and תֵּל tel) meaning "hill" or "mound" is a type of archaeological The Western Hemisphere, also Western hemisphere or western hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that lies West The most ancient paved streets of the Ionian civilization have been discovered in ancient Smyrna.

The riches of the city impressed the Lydians and attracted them to Smyrna. Defining Lydia Aside from a legend related by Herodotus, who states that the name Lydia came from king Lydus at the time of the fall of Troy The Lydian army conquered the city in about 610-600 BC and burned and destroyed parts of the city. Soon afterwards, another invasion, this time Persian, effectively ended Old Smyrna's history as an urban center of note. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Persian Emperor, determined to punish the cities that refused to give him support in his campaign against the Lydians, attacked the coastal cities of the Aegean after having conquered Sardis, the capital of Lydia. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. Sardis, also Sardes ( Lydian: Sfard, Greek: Σάρδεις, Persian: Sparda) modern Sart in As a result, old Smyrna was destroyed in 545 BC.

Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great re-founded the city in about 300 BC. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Alexander had defeated the Persians in several battles and finally the emperor Darius himself at Issus in 333 BC. The cities of the region witnessed a great resurgence in their population. During this period, Rhodes and Pergamon reached populations of over 100,000. Rhodes (Ρόδος Ródos, ˈɾo̞ðo̞s Rodi ردوس Rodos; Ladino: Rodi or Rodes) is a Greek island Ephesus, Antioch and Alexandria reached a population of over 400,000. Ephesus ( Hittite Apasa; Ancient Greek; Turkish Efes) was a city of ancient Anatolia. Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια Old Smyrna, which had been founded on a small hill, was only sufficient for a few thousand people, so the new and larger city had been founded on the slopes of Mount Pagos (Kadifekale) in 300 BC. Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, The flat-topped hill seemed destined by nature to be the acropolis of an ancient city. Acropolis (Gr akros akron edge extremity + polis city pl acropoleis

Romans
Having become a Roman territory in 133 BC, Smyrna enjoyed a golden period for the second time. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC Due to the importance that the city achieved, the Roman emperors who came to Anatolia also visited Smyrna. The Roman Emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period (starting at about 27 BC Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Emperor Hadrian also visited Smyrna in his journey from 121 to 125. Publius Aelius Hadrianus (January 24 76 &ndash July 10 138 as emperor Imperator Caesar Divi Traiani filius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus, and Divus Hadrianus after He ordered the construction of a silo near the docks. A silo is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in Agriculture to store grain (see Grain elevators or fermented feed

In 178 AD the city was devastated by an earthquake. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer Considered to be one of the most severe disasters that the city has faced in its history, the earthquake razed the town to the ground. The destruction was so great that the support of the Empire for rebuilding was necessary. Emperor Marcus Aurelius contributed greatly to the rebuilding activities and the city was re-founded again. Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus (often referred to as "the wise" ( April 26, 121 – March 17, 180) was Roman Emperor The state agora as restored during this period. The Agora was an open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek city-states

Various works of architecture are thought to have been built in the city during the Roman Empire period. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The streets were completely paved with stones, and paved streets became preponderant in the city.

After the Roman Empire's division into two distinct entities, Smyrna became a territory of the Eastern Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial It preserved its status as a notable religious center in the early times of the Byzantine Empire. However, the city did decrease in size greatly during Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Age, never returning to the Roman levels of prosperity.

Smyrna becomes İzmir

Çaka Bey and the Seljuk Turks
Turks first captured Smyrna under the Seljuk commander Çaka Bey in 1076, along with Klazomenai, Foça and a number of Aegean Islands. A caravanserai ( kārvānsarā, Turkish kervansaray) was a roadside Inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey Kemeraltı is İzmir 's - Turkey - historic market ( Bazaar) district A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in Chaka of Smyrna ( Çaka Bey Greek:, Tzachas) was an 11th century Turkish emir who ruled an independent state based in Smyrna. Klazomenai (also spelled Clazomenae, Greek: Κλαζομεναί, modern-day Kilizman near İzmir in Turkey) was an This article is about the modern city For the ancient Ionian Greek city see Phocaea Foça is a district as well as the center town of that The Aegean Islands (Νησιά Αιγαίου Nisiá Aigaíou; Ege Adaları are a group of Islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece Çaka Bey used İzmir as a base for naval raids. Chaka of Smyrna ( Çaka Bey Greek:, Tzachas) was an 11th century Turkish emir who ruled an independent state based in Smyrna. After his death in 1102, the city and the neighboring region was recaptured by the Byzantine Empire. Smyrna was then captured by the Knights of Rhodes when Constantinople was conquered by the Crusaders in 1204, but the Nicaean Empire would reclaim possession of the city soon afterwards, albeit by according vast concessions to Genoese allies who kept one of the city's castles. The Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta (known as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta ( SMOM) Order of Malta Constantinople (Κωνσταντινούπολις Konstantinoúpolis, or gr ἡ Πόλις hē Polis, Latin: la CONSTANTINOPOLIS The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents The Empire of Nicaea ( Greek: Βασίλειον τῆς Νίκαιας Turkish: İznik İmparatorluğu) was the largest of the Byzantine

The sons of Aydın
Smyrna was recaptured by the Turks in early 14th century when, Umur Bey, the son of the founder of the Beylik of Aydın captured first the upper fort of Kadifekale, and then the lower port castle of Ok Kalesi. thumb|350px|Anatolian Turkish Beyliks map Anatolian Beyliks or Turkmen Beyliks ( Turkish: Anadolu Beylikleri, Ottoman Turkish: The Anatolian Turkish Beylik of Aydınoğlu with its capital first in Birgi, and later in Ayasluğ (present day Selçuk) was one of the Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, As Çaka Bey had done two centuries before, Umur Bey used the city as a base for naval raids. Chaka of Smyrna ( Çaka Bey Greek:, Tzachas) was an 11th century Turkish emir who ruled an independent state based in Smyrna. In 1344, taking advantage of a distracted Aydınoğlu, the Genoese took back the lower castle. The Anatolian Turkish Beylik of Aydınoğlu with its capital first in Birgi, and later in Ayasluğ (present day Selçuk) was one of the A sixty-year period of uneasy cohabitation between the two powers followed Umur Bey's death.

Tamerlane
Smyrna was captured by the Ottomans for the first time in 1389 by Bayezid I, who led his armies toward the five Western Anatolian Turkish Beyliks in the winter of the same year he had ascended the throne. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Bayezid I ( Ottoman: بايزيد الأول Turkish: Beyazıt, nicknamed Yıldırım (Ottoman ییلدیرم "the Thunderbolt" The Ottoman take-over took place virtually without conflict. However, in 1402, Tamerlane won the Battle of Ankara against the Ottomans and put a serious check on the fortunes of the Ottoman state for the two following decades. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among The Battle of Ankara or Battle of Angora, fought on July 20 or July 28 1402 took place northeast of Ankara at the field of Çubuk The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Tamerlane gave back the territories of most of the Anatolian Turkish Beyliks to their former ruling dynasties, and he came in person to İzmir to lodge the only battle of his career against a non-Muslim power, finally taking back the port castle from the Genoese. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

The Ottomans

In 1425, Murad II re-captured İzmir for the Ottomans for the second time and from the last bey of Aydın, İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey. Murad II ( June 1404 Amasya February 3, 1451, Edirne) ( Ottoman Turkish: مراد ثانى Murād-ı sānī During the campaign, the Ottomans were assisted by the forces of the Knights Hospitaller who pressed the Sultan for possession of the port castle. The Knights Hospitaller (also known as the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of St The sultan refused despite the resulting tensions between the two camps, and he gave the Templars the permission to build a castle in Petronium (Bodrum Castle) instead. Bodrum (from Petronium; formerly Halicarnassus (Halikarnas Ancient Greek: Ἁλικαρνασσός) is a Turkish Bodrum Castle ( Bodrum Kalesi) located in southwest Turkey in the city of Bodrum ( was built by the Knights Hospitaller starting in 1402 as

The city was part of an Ottoman sanjak (province) inside the larger eyalet (region) of Aydın or Cezaiyr (i. Sanjak and Sandjak (other variants sinjaq sanjaq) are the most common English transcriptions of the Turkish word sancak The subdivisions of the Ottoman Empire were Administrative divisions of the State organisation of the Ottoman Empire based on military administration but Aydın is a province of southwestern Turkey, located in the Aegean Region. e. the Aegean Islands). Two notable events for the city during the rest of the 15th century were a Venetian raid in 1475 and the arrival of Jews from Spain after 1492, who later made İzmir one of their principal centers in Ottoman lands. Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.

The Ottomans also allowed İzmir's inner bay dominated by the port castle to silt up progressively (the location of present-day Kemeraltı bazaar zone) and the port castle ceased to be of use. Kemeraltı is İzmir 's - Turkey - historic market ( Bazaar) district A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold

International port city

With the privileged trading conditions accorded to foreigners in 1620 (the infamous capitulations that were later to cause a serious threat and setback for the Ottoman state in its decline), İzmir set out on its way to become one of the foremost trade centers of the Empire. Konak Pier was designed by Gustave Eiffel in 1890 within the boundaries of the central metropolitan district of Konak, near the city's historic center Konak Konak Pier was designed by Gustave Eiffel in 1890 within the boundaries of the central metropolitan district of Konak, near the city's historic center Konak Alexandre Gustave Eiffel ( December 15, 1832 &ndash December 27, 1923; in French efɛl in English usually ˈaɪfəl was a French Capitulations of the Ottoman Empire were contracts between the Ottoman Empire and European powers particularly France. Foreign consulates moved in from Sakız (Chios) and were in the city (1619 for the French Consulate, 1621 for the British), serving as trade centers for their nations. Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated Chios (Χίος pronounced ˈçio̞s alternative transliterations Khíos and Híos) is the fifth largest of the Greek islands, situated This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Each consulate had its own quay and the ships under their flag would anchor there. The long campaign for the conquest of Crete (22 years between 1648-1669) also considerably enhanced İzmir's position within the Ottoman realm since the city served as port of dispatch and supply for the troops. Crete ( Greek: Κρήτη transliteration: Krētē, modern transliteration Kriti) is the largest of the Greek islands and the

The city faced a 1676 plague, an earthquake in 1688 and a great fire in 1743, but continued to grow. This is a list of historic fires. Before the 20th century fires were a major hazard to urban areas and the cause of massive amounts of damage to cities In 1866 the British-built 130 km (81 mi) railway line to Aydın was opened (the first Ottoman Empire line). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Aidın (Αϊδίνιο is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey 's Aegean Region. Turkish Republic State Railways (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları or TCDD) is the state corporation that operates the public Railway system in By that time, İzmir had a considerable segment of its population composed of French, English, Dutch and Italian merchants, adding to numerous immigrants coming from other parts of the Ottoman Empire. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest In fact, a class of intermediaries, composed of Greeks and, some time later and to a lesser extent, by Armenians, as well as some among the generally poorer Jews, started to take hold. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The attraction the city exercised for merchants and middlemen gradually changed the demographic structure of the city, its culture and its Ottoman character.

In the late 19th century, the port was threatened by a build-up of silt in the gulf and an initiative was undertaken to move the Gediz River bed to its present-day northern course, instead of letting it flow into the gulf, in order to redirect the silt. Darío Moreno ( April 3, 1921 &ndash December 1, 1968) was a Turkish polyglot singer of Jewish origin Asansör (which means Elevator) is a 1907 built building in İzmir 's Karataş quarter within the boundaries of the metropolitan district The Gediz River (Gediz Nehri the ancient Hermus, is the second largest river after the Menderes, flowing from the Anatolian hinterland into the

Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, the victors had, for a time, intended to carve up large parts of Anatolia under respective zones of influence and offered the western regions of Turkey to Greece with the Treaty of Sèvres. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Treaty of Sèvres ( 10 August 1920) was the Peace treaty between the Ottoman Empire and Allies at the end of World War On 15 May 1919 the Greek Army occupied İzmir, but the Greek expedition towards central Anatolia turned into a disaster for both that country and for the local Greeks of Turkey. Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Mission The Hellenic Army's objective is to defend Greece's independence borders and terrain and also to guarantee the country's defense Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

The Turkish Army retook possession of İzmir on 9 September 1922, effectively ending the Greco-Turkish War (1919-1922) in the field. The Turkish Army ( Turkish: Türk Kara Kuvvetleri) is a branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Part of the Greek population of the city was forced to seek refuge in the nearby Greek islands together with the departing Greek troops, while the rest left in the frame of the ensuing 1923 agreement for the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, which was a part of the Lausanne Treaty. The 1923 population exchange between Greece and Turkey is the first large-scale population exchange, or agreed mutual expulsion in the 20th century The Treaty of Lausanne ( July 24, 1923) was a Peace treaty signed in Lausanne that settled the Anatolian part of the Partitioning

The war, and especially its events specific to İzmir, like the fire that broke out on 13 September 1922, one of the greatest disasters İzmir ever experienced, influence the psyches of the two nations to this day. The Great Fire of Smyrna is the name commonly given to the fire that ravaged İzmir / Smyrna starting 13 September 1922 and lasted for four days For the Turks, the occupation was marked from its very first day by the "first bullet" fired on Greek detachments by the journalist Hasan Tahsin and the killing by bayonet coups of Colonel Fethi Bey and his unarmed soldiers in the historic casern of the city (Sarı Kışla — the Yellow Casern), for refusing to shout "Zito o Venizelos" (Long Live Venizelos). Hasan Tahsin (born Osman Nevres) (1888 Selanik - May 15, 1919 İzmir)was a Turkish journalist and is a national hero in Hasan Tahsin (born Osman Nevres) (1888 Selanik - May 15, 1919 İzmir)was a Turkish journalist and is a national hero in Eleftherios Venizelos (full name Elefthérios Kyriákou Venizélos, Greek: Ελευθέριος Κυριάκου Βενιζέλος ( Mournies The Turkish side, on the other hand, was accused of a number of atrocities against the Greek and Armenian communities in İzmir, including the lynching of the Orthodox Metropolitan Chrysostomos following their recapture of the city on 9 September 1922. Chrysostomos Kalafatis (1867-1922 (Χρυσόστομος Καλαφάτης better known as Chrysostomos of Smyrna, was the Greek Orthodox Bishop of A Turkish source on İzmir's oral history also confirms that in 1922, "hat-wearers were thrown into the sea, just like, back in 1919, fez-wearers were thrown" ^[12]. The lack of comprehensive and reliable sources from the period, combined with nationalist feelings running high on both sides, and mutual distrust between the conflicting parties, has led to each side accusing each other for decades of committing atrocities during the period.

The city was, once again, gradually rebuilt after the proclamation of the Turkish Republic in 1923. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches

Population

The period after the 1960s and the 1970s saw another blow to İzmir's tissue - as serious as the 1922 fire for many inhabitants - when local administrations tended to neglect İzmir's traditional values and landmarks. Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest The Great Fire of Smyrna is the name commonly given to the fire that ravaged İzmir / Smyrna starting 13 September 1922 and lasted for four days Some administrators were not always in tune with the central government in Ankara and regularly fell short of subsidies, and the city absorbed huge immigration waves from Anatolian inland causing a population explosion. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Overpopulation refers to a condition where an Organism 's numbers exceed the Carrying capacity of its Habitat. Today it is not surprising to see many inhabitants of İzmir (in line with natives of such other prominent Turkish cities as Istanbul, Bursa, Adana and Mersin) look back to a cozier and more manageable city, which came to an end in the last few decades, with nostalgia. Bursa (historically also known as Prussa, Greek: Προύσα and later as Brusa) is a city in northwestern Turkey and the seat Adana (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey. This article is about the city of Mersin see Mersin Province, (named İçel province until 2002 for information about the surrounding area The Floor Ownership Law of 1965 (Kat Mülkiyeti Kanunu), allowing and encouraging arrangements between house or land proprietors and building contractors in which each would share the benefits in rent of 8-floor apartment blocks built in the place of the former single house, proved especially disastrous for the urban landscape.

İzmir is also home to Turkey's second largest Jewish community after Istanbul, still 2,500 strong. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ ^[13] The community is still concentrated in their traditional quarter of Karataş. Karataş is a neighborhood of İzmir, Turkey, within the boundaries of the city's central metropolitan district of Konak. The most famous figures the Jewish community of İzmir has produced are Sabbatai Zevi and Darío Moreno. A kehilla or kehillah (קהילה Hebrew: "community" is a Jewish Community. Sabbatai Zevi, ( (other spellings include Sabetay in Turkish, Shabbethai, Sabbetai, Shabbsai; Zvi; Sabbetai Darío Moreno ( April 3, 1921 &ndash December 1, 1968) was a Turkish polyglot singer of Jewish origin

The Levantines of İzmir, who are mostly of Genoese and to a lesser degree of French and Venetian descent, live mainly in the districts of Bornova and Buca. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest Buca is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir. One of the most prominent present-day figures of the community is Caroline Giraud Koç, wife of industrialist Mustafa Koç. The Koç family is a Turkish dynasty of business people founded by Vehbi Koç, the wealthiest self-made person in Turkey The Koç family is a Turkish dynasty of business people founded by Vehbi Koç, the wealthiest self-made person in Turkey Koç Holding is one of the largest family-owned industrial conglomerates in the world. Koç Holding AŞ is the top industrial conglomerate in Turkey.

İzmir has a population of 2,606,294 (2007 census) of which 1,297,119 are men and 1,309,175 are women.

Population of İzmir
Year	Population
2007	2,606,294
2000	2,232,265
1990	1,758,780
1985	1,489,817
1970	554,000
1965	442,000
1960	371,000
1955	286,000
1950	231,000
1945	200,000
1940	184,000
1935	171,000
1927	154,000

Main sights

For further information on the remnants of the ancient city, see Smyrna

Standing on Mount Yamanlar (Dağı), the tomb of Tantalus is an example of the tholos type monumental tombs. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day Yamanlar is the name of a small village and a historically significant mountain ( Yamanlar Dağı) near İzmir, Turkey. In Greek mythology Tantalus ( Greek Τάνταλος was a son of Zeus and the Nymph Plouto. As a generic term tholos tomb is an alternative name for a Beehive tomb from the late Bronze Age. The grave room of Tantalus' tumulus was in the plan of the fountain, displaying a style called isopata, meaning the construction has a rectangle plan, covered by vaults made with a corbel technique. A tumulus (plural tumuli) is a Mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves In Geometry, a rectangle is defined as a Quadrilateral where all four of its angles are Right angles A rectangle with vertices ABCD would be denoted as A Vault (French voute Italian volta German Gewölbe Polish sklepienie, Spanish In Architecture a corbel (or console) is a piece of stone jutting out of a wall to carry any superincumbent weight This monumental work is thought to be the tomb of the Basileus or Tyrant who ruled ancient Smyrna in 580-520 BC. "Basilissa" redirects here For the saint of this name see Julian and Basilissa. In modern usage a tyrant is a single ruler holding absolute power over a State or within an Organization.

One of the more pronounced elements of Izmir harbor is the Clock Tower, a beautiful marble tower that rests in the middle of the Konak district, standing 25 meters in height. It was designed by the Levantine French architect Raymond Charles Père in 1901 for the commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the ascension of Abdülhamid II. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Abdülhamid II His Imperial Majesty Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ( Ottoman Turkish: عبد الحميد ثانی `Abdü’l-Ḥamīd-i sânî, İkinci Abdülhamit The clock workings themselves were given as a gift to the then Ottoman Empire by Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The tower features four fountains which are placed around the base in a circular pattern, and the columns are inspired by North African themes.

The Agora of Smyrna is well preserved, and is arranged into the Agora Open Air Museum of İzmir, although important parts buried under modern buildings, waiting to be brought to daylight. The Agora was an open "place of assembly" in ancient Greek city-states This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day This article is on the Ancient Greek city of Smyrna principally in connection with the ruins remaining to this day Serious consideration is also being given to uncovering the ancient theatre of Smyrna where St. Polycarp was martyred, buried under an urban zone on the slopes of Kadifekale. Saint Polycarp of Smyrna (ca 69 – ca 155 was a second century Bishop of Smyrna. Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, It was distinguishable until the 19th century, as evident by the sketchings done at the time. On top of the same hill soars an ancient castle which is one of the landmarks of İzmir.

The Kemeraltı bazaar zone set up by the Ottomans, combined with the Agora, rests near the slopes of Kadifekale. Kemeraltı is İzmir 's - Turkey - historic market ( Bazaar) district The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, İzmir has had three castles historically- Kadifekale (Pagos), the portuary Ok Kalesi (Neon Kastron, St. Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, Kadifekale ( literally "the velvet castle" in Turkish) is the name of the hill and of the castle situated on top of the same hill in İzmir, Peter), and Sancakkale, which remained vital to İzmir's security for centuries. Sancakkale is situated in the present-day İnciraltı quarter between Balçova and Narlıdere districts, on the southern shore of the Gulf of İzmir. Balçova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the smallest in terms Narlıdere is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, one of the smallest It is at a key point where the strait allows entry into the innermost tip of the Gulf at its narrowest, and due to shallow waters through a large part of this strait, ships have sailed close to the castle. ^[14]

There are nine synagogues in İzmir, concentrated either in the traditional Jewish quarter of Karataş or in Havra Sokak (Synagogue street) in Kemeraltı, and they all bear the signature of the 19th century when they were built or re-constructed in depth on the basis of former buildings. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Karataş is a town and district of Adana Province, on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey, 47km from the city of Adana, between the rivers of Seyhan Kemeraltı is İzmir 's - Turkey - historic market ( Bazaar) district

The İzmir Birds Paradise in Çiğli, a bird sanctuary near Karşıyaka, contains 205 species of birds. Çiğli is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir and constitutes the northern end of the greater Karşıyaka is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the second largest There are 63 species of domestic birds, 54 species of summer migratory birds, 43 species of winter migratory birds, 30 species of transit birds. 56 species of birds have been breeding in the Park. İzmir Bird's Paradise which covers 80 square kilometres was registered as "The protected area for water birds and for their breeding" by Ministry of Forestry in 1982. Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value

Forum Bornova Shopping Center is inspired in concept by İzmir's traditional architecture	19th century Basmane Train Station	İzmir Stock Exchange Building	Şirinyer Hippodrome in Buca
The famous İzmir Clock Tower at night on Konak Square	Gulf of İzmir as seen from Bostanlı, Karşıyaka	Typical residential buildings of the Karşıyaka neighbourhood	Konak Square, the heart of İzmir
Konak Quay	İnciraltı Sea Museum	View from Konak Underpass	Enjoying Kordon with a ride on İzmir's phaetons
Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood	Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood	Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood	Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood
Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood	Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood	Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood	Streets of the historic Alsancak neighbourhood

İzmir International Fair

Main article: İzmir International Fair

İzmir prides itself with its busy schedule of trade fairs, exhibitions and congresses. Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest A stock exchange, share market or bourse is a Corporation or Mutual organization which provides "trading" facilities for Stock A Hippodrome (Gr from hippos, horse and dromos, race course was a course provided by the Greeks for Horse racing and Chariot racing Buca is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir. The Gulf of İzmir (İzmir Körfezi formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna, is an inlet of the Aegean Sea. Karşıyaka is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the second largest İzmir International Fair is the oldest tradeshow in Turkey, considered the cradle of Turkey's fairs and expositions industry and is also notable for hosting a series of A trade fair (or trade show) is an exhibition organised so that companies in a specific Industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products service study A congress is a formal meeting of representatives from different countries (or by extension Constituent States, or independent organisations (such as different Trade İzmir International Fair (IEF), the oldest member from Turkey of the International Union of Fairs is held in Kültürpark, covering an area of 421,000 m² in the heart of the city. Aside from this main event, organized in the beginning of September each year, there are, for 2007, 35 national or international fairs and exhibitions held around the year and in different areas of activity.

These fairs have made great contributions to İzmir's social and cultural life with its vast ground, open-air theatres, Painting and Sculpture Museum, art centers, amusement park, zoo and parachute tower. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group A parachute tower is a tower used for the training of parachute jumps

Climate

İzmir is characterized by long, hot summers and mild, rainy winters. The total precipitation for İzmir averages 706 mm (27. 8 inches) per year; however, 77% of that falls during November through March.

The average maximum temperatures during the winter months vary between 12 and 14 °C. Although it's rare, snow has been recorded in İzmir in January and February. The summer months — from June to September — bring average daytime temperatures of 30 °C or higher. On a number of occasions, temperatures as high as 46°C have been recorded in the city.

Weather averages for İzmir, Turkey
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Average high °F (°C)	53 (12)	54 (12)	60 (16)	68 (20)	77 (25)	87 (31)	96 (36)	99 (37)	84 (29)	74 (23)	63 (17)	55 (13)	71 (22)
Average low °F (°C)	39 (4)	40 (4)	44 (7)	50 (10)	57 (14)	64 (18)	68 (20)	67 (19)	61 (16)	55 (13)	47 (8)	42 (6)	53 (12)
Source: Weatherbase[15] September 2007

Cuisine of İzmir

İzmir's cuisine has largely been affected by its multicultural history, hence the large variety of food originating from the Aegean, Mediterranean and Anatolian regions. Etymology In ancient times there were various explanations for the name Aegean. Another factor is the large area of land surrounding the region which grows a rich selection of vegetables. Some of the common dishes found here are tarhana soup (made from dried yoghurt and tomatoes), İzmir köfte, keşkek (boiled wheat with meat), zerde (sweetened rice with saffron) and mücver (made from zucchini and eggs). Tarhana ( Turkish) tarkhina tarkhana tarkhwana ( Persian ترخینه، ترخانه، ترخوانه trachanas / trahanas ( Kofta (see section Name for other names is a Southeastern European Middle Eastern and South Asian Meatball or Dumpling. Kashkak, keşkek, kashkeg, kishkak, kashkek, etc is a sort of Meat and Wheat or Barley Stew Saffron ( Kurdish/Persian زَعْفَرَان is a Spice derived from the dried Stigma of the Flower of the saffron crocus ( Crocus sativus

Historically, as a result of the influx of Greek refugees from İzmir (as well as from other parts of Asia Minor and Istanbul) to mainland Greece after 1922, the cuisine of İzmir has had an enormous impact on Greek cuisine, exporting many sophisticated spices and foods. Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey The Greek cuisine ( Greek: Ελληνική Κουζίνα is Greece's traditional Cuisine, a typical Mediterranean cuisine Contemporary

Festivals

The İzmir International Festival beginning in mid-June and continuing to mid-July, has been organized since 1987. İzmir International Fair is the oldest tradeshow in Turkey, considered the cradle of Turkey's fairs and expositions industry and is also notable for hosting a series of During the annual festival, many world-class performers such as soloists and virtuosi, orchestras, dance companies, rock and jazz groups including Ray Charles, Paco de Lucia, Joan Baez, Martha Graham Dance Company, Tanita Tikaram, Jethro Tull, Leningrad Philarmonic Orchestra, Chris De Burgh, Sting, Moscow State Philarmony Orchestra, Jan Garbarek, Red Army Chorus, Academy of St. Martin in the Field, Kodo, Chick Corea and Origin, New York City Ballet, Nigel Kennedy, Bryan Adams, James Brown, Elton John, Anathema, Kiri Te Kanawa, Mikhail Barishnikov and Josep Carreras have given recitals and performances at various venues in the city and surrounding areas, including the ancient theatres at Ephesus and Metropolis (an antique Ionian city situated near the town of Torbalı). In Music, a solo (from the Italian solo, meaning alone) is a piece or a section of a piece played or sung by a single performer A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning skill manliness excellence is an individual An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Ray Charles Robinson ( September 23, 1930 – June 10, 2004) known by his Stage name Ray Charles, was an American Paco de Lucía, born Francisco Sánchez Gómez (in Algeciras, Cádiz on December 21, 1947) is a Spanish composer and guitarist Joan Chandos Baez (born January 9, 1941 in Staten Island, New York) an American Folk singer and Songwriter known See also Martha Graham ( May 11, 1894 &ndash April 1, 1991) was an American Dancer and Choreographer Tanita Tikaram (born August 12, 1969) is an English pop / folk Singer/songwriter best known for the enigmatic hits " Jethro Tull are a British rock group formed in 1967-1968 Their music is marked by the distinctive vocal style and lead Flute work of front man The Saint Petersburg Philharmonic Orchestra was formed in 1882 and is Russia 's oldest symphony orchestra. Chris de Burgh (born Christopher John Davison on 15 October 1948 is a half Irish musician and songwriter who holds British nationality. Gordon Matthew Thomas Sumner, CBE (born October 2, 1951) better known by his Stage name Sting, is a three time Academy Award Jan Garbarek (born 4 March 1947 in Mysen, Norway) a Norwegian tenor and soprano saxophonist, active in the Jazz Saint Martin is a tropical Island in the northeast Caribbean, approximately 300 km (186 miles east of Puerto Rico. Armando Anthony "Chick" Corea (born June 12, 1941) is a multiple Grammy Award winning American Jazz Pianist New York State Theater by David Shankbonejpg|thumb|300px| New York State Theater]] New York City Ballet ( NYCB) is a Ballet company founded in 1948 by Nigel Kennedy (born 28 December 1956 in Brighton England) is a Violinist and Violist. {Otherpeople|Brian Adams}} Bryan Adams OC, OBC, (born Bryan Guy Adams on November 5, 1959) is a Canadian rock James Joseph Brown Jr (May 3 1933 – December 25 2006 commonly referred to as "The Godfather of Soul" the "King of Funk" and "The Sir Elton Hercules John CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight on 25 March 1947 is an English pop / rock Singer, Composer Anathema are an English band from the city of Liverpool, which together with Paradise Lost and My Dying Bride, helped to develop the Dame Kiri Janette Te Kanawa, ONZ, DBE, AC (ˈkiri ˈtɛ ˈkɑːnəwə born Mikhail Nikolaevich Baryshnikov (Михаил Николаевич Барышников (born January 27, 1948) is a Soviet -born Russian WikipediaWikiProject Opera#Infoboxes --> Josep Carreras i Coll (born December 5, 1946, Barcelona Ephesus ( Hittite Apasa; Ancient Greek; Turkish Efes) was a city of ancient Anatolia. Geography Physical Ionia was of small extent not exceeding 90 geographical miles in length from north to south with a breadth varying from 40 to 55 miles but to this Torbalı is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. An ancient Ionian city famous for its wines and religious sites it has three sancuaries in marble This festival is the member of "European Festivals Association" since 2003.

The İzmir European Jazz Festival is among the numerous events organized every year by İKSEV (The İzmir Foundation for Culture, Arts and Education) since 1994. The İzmir European Jazz Festival, ( İzmir Avrupa Caz Festivali) is a cultural event held in the first half of every March in İzmir, Turkey. The festival aims to bring together masters and lovers of jazz in the attempt to generate feelings of love, friendship and peace. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States

International İzmir Short Film Festival is organized since 1999 and the member of European Coordination of Film Festivals.

İzmir Metropolitan Municipality is building Ahmet Adnan Saygun Culture and Art Center in Güzelyalı over an area of 21. Ahmed Adnan Saygun (born in İzmir on September 7, 1907 - died in İstanbul on January 6, 1991) was a Turkish 000 m² in order to contribute to the city's culture and art life. The acoustics of the center has been prepared by ARUP which is a world famous company in its own field . Arup is a professional services firm providing Engineering, Design, Planning, Project management and Consulting services for The center will serve from summer of 2008.

Sports

Notable football clubs in İzmir are: Altay SK, Altınordu, Göztepe A.Ş., İzmirspor and Karşıyaka SK. The Universiade is an International Multi-sport event, organized for University athletes by the International University Sports Federation (FISU Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Altay SK is a Turkish football club based in İzmir. The Black and White team colours represent the pain and honesty of the Turkish Altınordu Spor Kulübü is a football club from İzmir. It was founded in 1923 as a breakaway from Altay SK. Göztepe AŞ are a Turkish Sports club in Güzelyalı İzmir. İzmirspor is a Turkish Sports club based in İzmir, Turkey. The club played in the First League during the late 1950s and majority Karşıyaka SK is a Turkish Sports club from İzmir. They are currently playing in the Turkish 1 Currently there is no team from İzmir playing in the Turkish Super League, but the teams of İzmir were once among the greatest in Turkey. Göztepe A.Ş. played the semi finals of the UEFA Cup in the 1968-1969 season, and the quarter finals of the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in the 1969-1970 season; becoming the first ever Turkish football club to play a semi-final game in Europe. Göztepe AŞ are a Turkish Sports club in Güzelyalı İzmir. The UEFA Cup is a football competition for European club teams organised by the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA. Altay SK and Göztepe A.Ş. have won the Turkish Cup twice for İzmir. Altay SK is a Turkish football club based in İzmir. The Black and White team colours represent the pain and honesty of the Turkish Göztepe AŞ are a Turkish Sports club in Güzelyalı İzmir.

Legendary 1960s football star Metin Oktay, a native of İzmir, played in İzmirspor, Galatasaray and Palermo. Metin Oktay (born 2 February 1936 in İzmir, Turkey - 13 September 1991 in İstanbul İzmirspor is a Turkish Sports club based in İzmir, Turkey. The club played in the First League during the late 1950s and majority Unione Sportiva Città di Palermo is an Italian football club from Palermo, Sicily which currently plays in Serie A, the top level of Italian

Despite the current lack of any İzmir-based team in the Turkish Super League, İzmir Atatürk Stadium regularly hosts many Super League and Turkish Cup derby matches, including those of Beşiktaş, Fenerbahçe, and Galatasaray. İzmir Atatürk Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in İzmir, Turkey. This article is about a District in İstanbul For the sports club see Beşiktaş J Fenerbahçe Spor Kulübü (Fenerbahçe Sports Club commonly known as Fenerbahçe (feneːɾbatʃe is a professional Sports club based in the district of

Several important international sports events were held in İzmir:

• 1971 - Mediterranean Games,
• 7 - 22 August, 2005 - Summer Universiade, the International University Sports Games,
• 2 - 7 September, 2005 - preliminary games of European Women's Basketball Championship,
• 4 - 9 July, 2006 - European Seniors Fencing Championship. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. The Mediterranean Games are a multi-sport games held every four years mainly for nations bordering the Mediterranean Sea, where Europe Africa and Asia meet The 2005 Summer Universiade, also known as the XXIII Summer Universiade, took place in İzmir, Turkey. The 2005 European Women Basketball Championship, commonly called Eurobasket 2005 Women, was held in Turkey between 2 September and 11 September The 2006 European Seniors Fencing Championship was held in İzmir, Turkey, between 4 July and 9 July 2006.
• 14 - 23 July, 2006 - U20 European Basketball Championship for Men

Education

The following universities are located in İzmir:

• Ege University - Founded in 1955, Ege University is İzmir's first university to start courses. EuroBasket is the name commonly used to refer to the men's Basketball championship contested biennially by the national teams of the European Continent under Ege University ( Ege Üniversitesi in Turkish) is a Public university in İzmir, Turkey. Ege University ( Ege Üniversitesi in Turkish) is a Public university in İzmir, Turkey. The rectorate and the campus which englobes most of university's institutions (62 in all, with 3141 academic staff and 42,693 students for 2006/2007) are situated in the metropolitan district of Bornova. The word rector ("ruler" from the Latin regere and Rector meaning "Teacher" In Latin has a number of different meanings but all of them indicate an academic A campus is traditionally the land on which a College or University and related institutional buildings are situated Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest
• Dokuz Eylül University - Founded in 1982 principally by splitting off a number of institutions from Ege, Dokuz Eylül University today equals in size its sister university. Dokuz Eylül University is one of the preeminent universities in Turkey. Dokuz Eylül University is one of the preeminent universities in Turkey. The rectorate is in central Alsancak neighborhood, while the campus is located in the metropolitan district of Buca, with 61 depending institutions across İzmir or in districts, employing 3027 academic staff and uniting a student corpus of 43,851 for 2006/2007. Alsancak is a large quarter (or a zone semt) in İzmir, Turkey, within the boundaries of the metropolitan district of Konak, the historic Buca is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir.
• İzmir Institute of Technology - Founded in 1992, İzmir Institute of Technology is İzmir's first institute of technology and the campus, which is Turkey's biggest campus, is located in the nearby district of Urla. İzmir Institute of Technology ( Turkish: İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, commonly referred to as İYTE) is a public Research İzmir Institute of Technology ( Turkish: İzmir Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, commonly referred to as İYTE) is a public Research Institute of technology, and polytechnic, are designations employed in a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable
• İzmir University of Economics - Founded as a private sector initiative in 2002 by İzmir Chamber of Commerce, İzmir University of Economics is a specialized university with campus in the metropolitan district of Balçova
• Yaşar Üniversitesi (Yaşar University) - Also founded in 2002 by Yaşar Holding, the initial building is located in central Alsancak, while the construction of a campus in the neighboring district of Seferihisar, outside the metropolitan zone, is under way. General information Izmir University of Economics was established in 2001 by the Izmir Chamber of Commerce Education and Health Foundation In Economics, the private sector is that part of the economy which is both run for private Profit and is not controlled by the State. General information Izmir University of Economics was established in 2001 by the Izmir Chamber of Commerce Education and Health Foundation Balçova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the smallest in terms Alsancak is a large quarter (or a zone semt) in İzmir, Turkey, within the boundaries of the metropolitan district of Konak, the historic Seferihisar is a coastal town and the center of the district of the same name in İzmir Province, in Turkey.
• University of İzmir - Founded in 2007

There are ongoing plans to set up a sixth, and perhaps also a seventh university in İzmir. The city is also home to well-rooted high-school establishments well-known across Turkey.

İzmir is also home to the third U.S. Space Camp in the world, Space Camp Turkey. US Space Camp is hosted by the US Space & Rocket Center in Huntsville Alabama.

Transportation

Connection with other cities and countries

• Air: The city has an airport (Adnan Menderes Airport) well served with connections to Turkish and international destinations. İzmir Adnan Menderes International Airport is an airport serving İzmir and is named after the Turkish politician and former prime minister Adnan Menderes İzmir Adnan Menderes International Airport is an airport serving İzmir and is named after the Turkish politician and former prime minister Adnan Menderes Its new international terminal was opened in September 2006 and the airport is set on its way for becoming one of the busiest in Turkey. The city-airport shuttles are assured by buses operated by a private company (web page for İzmir) and along stops that follow two lines only, the first connecting Karşıyaka in the city's northern part to the airport and the second between Alsancak in the south and the airport. Karşıyaka is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the second largest Alsancak is a large quarter (or a zone semt) in İzmir, Turkey, within the boundaries of the metropolitan district of Konak, the historic Trains remain a comparatively slow alternative, the subway that will reach the airport is under construction, while the taxis are not cheap and can cost up to fifty U.S. dollars depending on the distance. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been
• Bus: A recently-built large bus terminal (Otogar) in Altındağ suburb on the outkirts of the city has intercity buses to points all over Turkey. For the district of Ankara with the same name see Altındağ. It is quite easy to reach the bus terminal since bus companies' shuttle services to the terminal pick up customers from each of their branch offices scattered across the city at regular intervals. These shuttles are a free service encountered everywhere in Turkey.
• Rail: The city has rail service from historic terminals in downtown (such as the famous Alsancak Terminal (1858) which is the oldest train station in Turkey) to Ankara in the east and Aydın in the south. Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after İstanbul. Aidın (Αϊδίνιο is a city in and the seat of Aydın Province in Turkey 's Aegean Region. An express train to Bandırma, to reach the Sea of Marmara port city in four hours and to combine the journey with İDO's HSC services from Bandırma to İstanbul is in service since February 2007. Express trains (also sometimes referred to as "fast trains" are a form of rail service This article is about the Balıkesir Province district of Bandırma The Sea of Marmara ( Turkish: Marmara Denizi, Greek: Θάλασσα του Μαρμαρά or Προποντίς, Bulgarian İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co Inc ( Turkish: İstanbul Deniz Otobüsleri, meaning Istanbul Sea Buses) was founded in 1987 by the Istanbul Metropolitan Istanbul (historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see the other Names of Istanbul) is the largest city of Turkey

Transportation within the city

Co-ordinated transport was introduced to Izmir in about 1999, the first place in Turkey to apply the lessons of integration. A body known as UKOME gives strategic direction to the Metro, ESHOT bus division, ferry operations, utilities and road developments. Izmir has an integrated pre-pay ticket, the Kentkart (‘Citycard’). The card is valid on Metro (subway), buses, ferries and certain other municipal facilities.

• Urban ferries: Taken over by İzmir Metropolitan Municipality since 2000 and operated within the structure of a private company (İzdeniz), İzmir's urban ferry services for passengers and vehicles are very much a part of the life of the inhabitants of this city located along the deep end of a large gulf. The Gulf of İzmir (İzmir Körfezi formerly known as the Gulf of Smyrna, is an inlet of the Aegean Sea. A metropolitan municipality is a type of Municipality established in some countries to serve a Metropolitan area. 24 ferries shuttle between 8 quays (clockwise Bostanlı, Karşıyaka, Bayraklı, Alsancak, İzmir, Pasaport, İzmir, Konak, Göztepe and Üçkuyular). Karşıyaka is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the second largest Alsancak is a large quarter (or a zone semt) in İzmir, Turkey, within the boundaries of the metropolitan district of Konak, the historic Konak is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey and one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir city Göztepe is a neighborhood of İzmir, situated on the southern shore of the Gulf of İzmir, administratively within the boundaries of the metropolitan district of Special lines to points further out in the gulf are also put in service during summer, transporting excursion or holiday makers. These services are surprisingly cheap and it is not unusual to see natives or visitors taking a ferry ride simply as a pastime.

• Metro: İzmir has a subway network (rapid transit over the surface in parts) that is constantly being extended with new stations being put in service. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway The network "İzmir Metrosu", consisting of one line, starts from Üçyol station in Hatay in the southern portion of the metropolitan area and runs towards northeast to end in Bornova. Hatay is a large quarter (or a zone semt) of the city of İzmir, Turkey. Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest The line is 11. 6 km (7. 2 mi) long.

The stations are: 1) Üçyol, 2) Konak, 3) Çankaya, 4) Basmane, 5) Hilal, 6) Halkapınar, 7) Stadyum, 8) Sanayi, 9) Bölge, 10) Bornova. A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway Konak is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey and one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir city Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest An extension of the line between Üçyol and Üçkuyular, which aims to serve the southern portion of the city more efficiently, is currently under construction.

Basic fare on the Metro is TRL 1. 25 but only TRL 0. 95 if the Kentkart is used. About 12% of passengers pay cash and the rest use Kentkart, 35% at reduced rate and 53% at standard rate. The Metro carries about 30 million passengers/year and to the end of September 2005 160 million passengers had travelled since the opening in May 2000.

A more ambitious venture that begun involves the construction of a new 80 km (50 mi) line between Aliağa district in the north, where a oil refinery and its port are located, to Menderes district in the south, to reach and serve Adnan Menderes Airport. Aliağa is a town and a district of İzmir Province in the Aegean Region of Turkey An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline The Büyük Menderes River (historically the Maeander also spelled Meander) Turkish: Büyük Menderes Nehri, Ancient Greek: İzmir Adnan Menderes International Airport is an airport serving İzmir and is named after the Turkish politician and former prime minister Adnan Menderes This new line will have a connection to the existing line and it is planned to be finished in 2008 autumn. It will comprise 32 stations and the full ride between the two ends of the line will only take 86 minutes.

• Bus: All major districts are covered by a dense municipal bus network under the name ESHOT. The name is derived from the E elektrik (electricity); S su (water); H havagazı (gas); O otobüs (bus) and T troleybüs (trolleybus). Electricity, water and gas are now supplied by separate undertakings and the trolleybuses ceased in 1992. The bus company has inherited the original name. ESHOT operates about 1,500 buses with a staff of 2,700. It has five garages at Karatas, Gumruk, Basmahane, Yesilyurt and Konak. A privately owned company, Izulas, operates 400 buses from two garages, running services under contract for ESHOT. These scheduled services are supplemented by privately-owned minibus or dolmuş services. "Microbus" redirects here For the Volkswagen Microbus see Volkswagen Type 2. Types of vehicle Share taxis come in various Vehicle types including Minibuses Midibuses covered Pickup trucks Station wagons

See also

• The nine metropolitan districts of İzmir; namely, Balçova, Bornova, Buca, Çiğli, Gaziemir, Güzelbahçe, Karşıyaka, Konak and Narlıdere. Balçova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the smallest in terms Bornova is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the third largest Buca is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir. Çiğli is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir and constitutes the northern end of the greater Gaziemir is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey. It is one of the metropolitan districts of Greater İzmir and is situated to the south of central Güzelbahçe is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, one of the smallest Karşıyaka is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, the second largest Konak is a district of İzmir Province of Turkey and one of the metropolitan districts of İzmir city Narlıdere is a district of İzmir Province in Turkey. It is one of the nine districts in the Greater Metropolitan Area of İzmir, one of the smallest
• Alsancak; the business and luxury quarter in Konak
• Kemeraltı; the historic bazaar zone in Konak
• Levantine mansions of İzmir; 19th century Levantine houses in Bornova, Buca and Karşıyaka
• Karataş; the traditional Jewish quarter in Konak
• Yeşilova Höyük; the prehistoric settlement
• Smyrna; the ancient city
• İzmir International Fair
• İzmir Economic Congress
• Boyoz; a pastry very typical of İzmir
• Occupation of İzmir
• Great Fire of Smyrna

Famous inhabitants from various periods

• See List of people from İzmir

Media and art mentioning İzmir

Town twinning

The following is a list of Izmir's sister cities:

References

Footnotes

External links

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