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Öland is the second largest Swedish island and the smallest of the traditional provinces of Sweden. Historical lands Sweden was historically divided into the four lands Götaland, Svealand, Norrland and Götaland ( Gothia, Gothland, Gothenland, Gotland, Gautland, Geatland is one of three lands of Sweden The Counties of Sweden, or Län, are the first level administrative and political Subdivisions of Sweden. Kalmar County ( Kalmar län) is a county or Län in southern Sweden. Swedish dialects can be categorized into Traditional Dialects (with no Standard Swedish influence and Modern Dialects (with various degrees of Standard Swedish influence Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of Helianthemum oelandicum is a Flowering plant of the genus Helianthemum in the family Cistaceae. The Thrush Nightingale, Luscinia luscinia (formerly colloquially known as Sprosser is a small Passerine Bird that was formerly classed as a member This is a list of the largest islands of Sweden. Ordered by size Other well-known islands Adelsö Björkö (Birka The provinces of Sweden, Landskap, are historical geographical and cultural regions Öland has an area of 1,342 km² and is located in Baltic Sea just off the coast of Småland. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. is a historical province ( landskap) in southern Sweden. Småland borders Blekinge, Scania or Skåne Halland, There are 25,000 inhabitants on the island and it is connected to the mainland across the Kalmar Strait through the Öland bridge, which opened in 1972. Kalmar Strait, Kalmarsund, is a Strait in the Baltic Sea, located between the Swedish island of Öland and the province of Småland The Öland bridge (Ölandsbron is a road bridge connecting Kalmar on mainland Sweden to Färjestaden ( Ferry Town) on the island of Öland Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
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Administration
The traditional provinces of Sweden serve no administrative or political purposes, but are historical and cultural entities. The provinces of Sweden, Landskap, are historical geographical and cultural regions Öland is part of the administrative county Kalmar County (Kalmar län) and is divided in two municipalities, Borgholm Municipality and Mörbylånga Municipality. The Counties of Sweden, or Län, are the first level administrative and political Subdivisions of Sweden. Kalmar County ( Kalmar län) is a county or Län in southern Sweden. The Municipalities of Sweden ( kommun) are the Local government entities of Sweden. Borgholm Municipality ( Borgholms kommun) is a municipality in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, constituting the northern half of the Mörbylånga Municipality ( Mörbylånga kommun) is a municipality in Kalmar County, in south-eastern Sweden, located on the island of There was an Öland County in the short period between 1819 and 1824; otherwise, the island has belonged to Kalmar County since 1634. Öland County, or Ölands län, was a County of Sweden, between 1819 and 1826. Year 1819 ( MDCCCXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar in the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Year 1824 ( MDCCCXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year
Heraldry
Main article: Heraldry of Öland
Öland was granted provincial arms in 1560, but it would not be until the 1940s that the province was assigned its proper ones. Öland is a province of Sweden and at the funeral of Gustav Vasa in 1560 the province was granted a coat of arms The 1940s decade ran from 1940 to 1949 Events and trends The 1940s was a period between the radical 1930s and the conservative 1950s which also leads the period to be The arms granted to Öland had been mixed up with the arms granted to Åland and this was not discovered until the 20th century. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on While Öland changed its, Åland, which was now a Finnish (autonomous) province, kept its established but originally unintended coat of arms. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The deer is meant to symbolise the status of Öland as a royal game park and the arms are topped by a dukal crown. Blazon: "Azure a Deer Or attired, hoofed and gorged Gules. "
History
Archaeological evidence indicates the island of Öland was settled about 8000 BC, with excavations dating to the Paleolithic era showing the presence of hunter-gatherers. Archaeology, archeology, or archæology (from Greek grc ἀρχαιολογία archaiologia – grc ἀρχαῖος archaīos The term Paleolithic (or Palaeolithic) (from Greek παλαιός palaios, " Old " and λίθος Lithos, "stone" A hunter-gatherer society is one whose primary subsistence method involves the direct procurement of edible plants and animals from the wild Foraging and Hunting [1] In the early Stone Age settlers from the mainland migrated across the ice bridge that connected the island across the Kalmar Strait. The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric time period during which Humans widely used stone for toolmaking A settler is a person who has migrated to an area and established permanent residence there often to colonize the area Ice bridge is sometimes used as a synonym for Ice road. An ice bridge is a frozen natural structure formed over Seas bays Kalmar Strait, Kalmarsund, is a Strait in the Baltic Sea, located between the Swedish island of Öland and the province of Småland
Evidence of habitation of Oland (known in earlier times as Oelandia) occurs at least as early as 6000 BC, when there were stone age settlements at Alby and other locations on the island. Burial grounds from the Iron Age through the Viking era are clearly visible at Gettlinge, Hulterstad and other places on the perimeter ridge including stone ships. Gettlinge is a village in the southwest portion of the Island of Öland, Sweden. Hulterstad is a small Coastal town on the southeastern part of the Island of Öland, Sweden The Stone ship was a Germanic burial custom typical of Scandinavia, built from tightly or loosely fit slabs or stones
There are nineteen Iron Age ringforts identified on the island, only one of which, Eketorp, has been completely excavated, yielding over 24,000 artifacts. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. Ringforts are fortified settlements that are generally deemed to be from the Iron Age, Early Christian or possibly the Early Medieval period Eketorp is an Iron Age fort in southeastern Öland, Sweden, which was extensively reconstructed and enlarged in the Middle Ages.
C. 900, Wulfstan of Hedeby called the island "Eowland", the land of the Eowan:
- Then, after the land of the Burgundians, we had on our left the lands that have been called from the earliest times Blekingey, and Meore, and Eowland, and Gotland, all which territory is subject to the Sweons; and Weonodland was all the way on our right, as far as Weissel-mouth. Events By place Asia Laguna Copperplate Inscription, Kavi script inscribed in Luzon, Philippines, Wulfstan of Hedeby (Latin Haithabu) was a late 9th century traveller and trader Bornholm (b̥ʌnˈhʌlˀm or [bɔʀnˈhɔlˀm]) ( Old Norse: Burgundarholm ' is a Danish Island in the Baltic Sea located is a one of the Provinces of Sweden ( landskap) situated in the south of the country Möre is one of the original small lands of Småland, a historical province ( landskap) in southern Sweden. is a county, province and municipality of Sweden and the largest Island in the Baltic Sea. The Swedes (svear Old Norse: svíar; Old English: Sweonas; Suiones Suehans or Sueones) were an ancient North Wendland may refer to either of the following regions or people Wendland may refer to a region once inhabited by Wends, an old Germanic term for Slavic [1]
However, this is not the first mention of the Eowans. There is an even earlier mention of the tribe in the Anglo-Saxon poem Widsith:
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Scholars such as Schütte[2] and Kendrick[3] have pointed out that there was probably an even earlier mention of the people of Öland in 98 AD, by Tacitus, who called them the "Aviones":
- After the Langobardi come the Reudigni, Auiones, Angli, Varni, Eudoses, Suarines and Nuithones all well guarded by rivers and forests. The name Sigar can refer to three people in Scandinavian mythology, surrounding the legends of Sigurd the dragon slayer Year 98 was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. The Aviones or Auiones (* Awioniz meaning "island people" were one of the Nerthus -worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from The Reudigni were one of the Nerthus -worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in Germania. The Angles is a modern English word for a Germanic-speaking people who took their name from the cultural ancestral region of Angeln, a modern district located in The Jutes, Iuti, or Iutae were a Germanic people who according to Bede were one of the three most powerful Germanic peoples of the time The Suarines (or Suardones) were one of the Nerthus -worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in Germania. The Nuithones were one of the Nerthus -worshipping Germanic tribes mentioned by Tacitus in Germania. There is nothing remarkable about any of these tribes unless it be the common worship of Nerthus, that is Earth Mother. Nerthus is a Goddess in Germanic paganism associated with fertility. They believe she is interested in men's affairs and drives among them. On an island in the ocean sea there is a sacred grove wherein waits a holy wagon covered by a drape. (Germania by Tacitus)
In Swedish history, the island long served as a royal game park; particularly Ottenby and Halltorps were selected by the Swedish Crown in the Middle Ages as royal game reseserves. The Germania ( Latin title De Origine et situ Germanorum, English for the Origin and Situation of the Germans) written by Gaius Publius (or Gaius) Cornelius Tacitus (ca 56 &ndash ca 117 was a senator and a Historian of the Roman Empire. Ottenby is a Nature reserve at the southern tip of the Island of Öland in Sweden. Halltorps is one of the earliest Manor houses on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD
Geography
Öland is the second largest of the islands of Sweden and was historically divided into one chartered city and five hundreds. This is a list of the largest islands of Sweden. Ordered by size Other well-known islands Adelsö Björkö (Birka The Municipalities of Sweden ( kommun) are the Local government entities of Sweden.
Cities and villages
Hundreds
Facts
- Highest mountain: Högsrum 55 meters
- Largest lake: Möckelmossen
- Length: 137 km
- Width (at widest point): 16 km
Environment
The dominant environmental feature of the island is the Stora Alvaret, a limestone pavement which is the habitat of numerous rare and endangered species. Borgholm is a city in Kalmar County, south-eastern Sweden, located on the Island of Öland in the Baltic Sea. Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Gettlinge is a village in the southwest portion of the Island of Öland, Sweden. Hulterstad is a small Coastal town on the southeastern part of the Island of Öland, Sweden Färjestaden is located in the southern part on the island of Öland and is named after the ferries that used to be the only connection to the mainland Mörbylånga is a town on the southern part of the island of Öland, Sweden, and the seat of Mörbylånga Municipality in Kalmar County Eriksöre is the name of a village located on the island Öland, Sweden. Algutsrum is a locality with 499 (2005 inhabitants situated in Mörbylånga Municipality, Kalmar County, Sweden. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand The Stora Alvaret is a limestone barren plain on the island of Öland, Sweden. This article is about the landform For the Tamil saints see Alvars; for the village in Armenia see Alvar Armenia. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. A rare species is an Organism which is very uncommon or scarce An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation The first known scientific study of the biota of the Stora Alvaret occurred in the year 1741 with the visit of Linnaeus. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for [2] [3].
The underlying bedrock layer is mainly Cambrian sandstone and alum chert, and Ordovician limestone that dates in the range from circa 540 to 450 million years ago. The Cambrian is a geologic period and system that began about Ma (million years ago at the end of the Proterozoic eon and ended about Ma with Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Chert (ˈtʃɝt is a fine-grained Silica -rich Microcrystalline, Cryptocrystalline or Microfibrous Sedimentary rock that may contain The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six of the Paleozoic era, and covers the time between 488 Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The Cambrian trilobite Eccaparadoxides oelandicus is named after Öland [4]
Öland is served by a perimeter highway, Route 136. Trilobites ("three-lobes" are extinct Arthropods that form the class Trilobita. Route 136 is the perimeter Highway on the island of Öland, Sweden.
Culture
Main article: Culture of Öland
The Borgholm Castle was built in 1669-1681 for Queen Hedvig Eleonora, and designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Elder. Sweden - Öland. The Borgholm Castle built 1669 - 1681 for Queen Hedvig Eleonora, and designed by Nicodemus Tessin the Borgholm Castle in Borgholm, Sweden, is today only a Ruin of the Fortress that was first built here in the second half of the 12th century and Hedwig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp (23 October 1636 &ndash 24 November 1715 was the queen consort of King Charles X of Sweden and Queen mother of Nicodemus Tessin the Elder (Nicodemus Tessin den äldre (born 1615 in Stralsund; died 1681 in Stockholm) was an important Swedish Architect. In its vicinity sits the Solliden Palace, summer home to the royal family. Solliden Palace is the summer residence of the Swedish Royal Family.
The limestone pavement habitat of southern Öland, known as Stora Alvaret. A limestone pavement is a natural Karst landform consisting of a flat incised surface of exposed Limestone that resembles an artificial pavement The Stora Alvaret is a limestone barren plain on the island of Öland, Sweden. has been entered as a site of the UNESCO World Heritage program. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex [5] Features of this are the many rare species found; prehistory sites such as Gettlinge and Eketorp; numerous old wooden windmills left standing, some of which date to the 17th century; and the special geological alvar landscape. A rare species is an Organism which is very uncommon or scarce Stone Age Paleolithic See also Paleolithic, Recent African Origin, Early Homo sapiens, Early human migrations "Paleolithic" Gettlinge is a village in the southwest portion of the Island of Öland, Sweden. Eketorp is an Iron Age fort in southeastern Öland, Sweden, which was extensively reconstructed and enlarged in the Middle Ages. A windmill is a machine that is powered by the energy of the wind This article is about the landform For the Tamil saints see Alvars; for the village in Armenia see Alvar Armenia.
Öland has since a decade back organized an annual harvest festival Skördefesten every October in which the island farmers come together with farmers from the rest of the country and sell their crops and let those that are interested take part of the every day life on their farms only to mention a few among many activities. A farmer is a person who raises living organisms for food or raw materials There are also many art exhibitions for display during Skördefesten especially during the art night Konstnatten.
The romantic poet Erik Johan Stagnelius was born in the Öland parish of Gärdslösa in 1793 and lived there until 16 years of age. Erik Johan Stagnelius was born October 14, 1793 in Gärdslösa, on the island Öland, and died on April 3, 1823 He wrote several poems about the island. More modern writers living on or writing about Öland include novelist Margit Friberg (1904-1997), poet Anna Rydstedt (1928-1994), novelist Birgitta Trotzig (1929-), poet Lennart Sjögren (1930-), children novelist Eva Bexell (1945-), poet Tom Hedlund (1945-), novelist Johan Theorin (1963-), poet and novelist Magnus Utvik (1964-) and novelist Per Planhammar (1965-). Birgitta Trotzig (born September 11 1929 in Gothenburg is a Swedish writer and was elected to the Swedish Academy in 1993
References
- ^ C. M. Hogan, The Stora Alvaret of Öland, Lumina Technologies, Aberdeen Library Archives, July 9, 2006
- ^ Carolus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, Uppsala, Sweden (1753)
- ^ L. Uppsala ˈɵpˌsɑːla (older spelling Upsala) is the capital of Uppsala County ( Uppsala län) and the fourth largest city of K. Königsson, The Holocene History of the Great Alvar of Öland, Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 55, Uppsala (1968)
- ^ "Stenar och fossil", Per H Lundegårdh, Krister Brood, ISBN 91-518-3441-3, page 292. The Holocene is a Geological epoch which began approximately 10000 years ago (about 8000 BC
- ^ Hakan Sandbring and Martin Borg, Oland: Island of Stone and Green, May, 1997
See also
External links
- Köpingsvik.se - Facts about Köpingsvik, Öland
- Olandsturist.nu - Rent a home. Gettlinge is a village in the southwest portion of the Island of Öland, Sweden. Halltorps is one of the earliest Manor houses on the island of Öland, Sweden, dating from the 11th century AD Ottenby is a Nature reserve at the southern tip of the Island of Öland in Sweden. A Viking is one of the Norse ( Scandinavian Explorers Warriors Merchants, and pirates who raided and colonized wide areas
- Mitt Öland - Öland guide with local news, weather forecast, TV-guide and current events.
- Öland - Tourist site
- World Heritage profile
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