In Irish mythology, Ériu (/ˈeːrʲu/), daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron goddess of Ireland. The Mythology of pre-Christian Ireland did not entirely survive the conversion to Christianity, but much of it was preserved shorn of its religious meanings Ernmas is an Irish mother Goddess, mentioned in Lebor Gabála Érenn and " Cath Maige Tuired " as one of the Tuatha Dé The Tuatha Dé Danann ("peoples of the Goddess Danu " Modern Irish pronunciation /t̪ˠuːəhə dʲeː d̪ˠan̪ˠən̪ˠ/ Old Irish /tuːaθa ðʲeː A goddess is a Female Deity. Many Cultures have goddesses Often deities are part of a polytheistic system that includes several deities Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Her husband was Mac Gréine (‘Son of the Sun’). In Irish mythology, Mac Gréine of the Tuatha Dé Danann was a son of Cermait, son of The Dagda. [1] She was the mother of Bres by Prince Elatha of the Fomorians. For the legendary Irish High King see Bres Rí; for the Marvel Comics character see Bres (comics In Irish mythology, Bres In Irish mythology, Elatha (or Elathan) was a prince of the Fomorians and the father of Bres by Ériu of the Tuatha Dé In Irish mythology, the Fomorians, Fomors, or Fomori ( Irish Fomóiri, Fomóraig) were a semi-divine race who inhabited
The English name for Ireland comes from the name Ériu and the Germanic (Old Norse or Anglo-Saxon) word land. The Germanic languages are a group of related languages that constitute a branch of the Indo-European (IE Language family. Old Norse is the North Germanic language that was spoken by inhabitants of Scandinavia and inhabitants of their overseas settlements during the Viking Age
Role and mythic portrayal
With her sisters, Banba and Fodla, she was part of an important triumvirate of goddesses. In Irish mythology, Banbha, sometimes written as Banba in English daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was one of the patron Goddesses In Irish mythology, Fódla (also given as Fótla, later Fódhla or Fóla) daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, When the Milesians arrived from Spain each of the three sisters asked that her name be given to the country. Milesians are a people figuring in Irish mythology. The descendants of Míl Espáine, they were the final inhabitants of Ireland, and were believed to represent This was granted to them, although Ériu (Éire) became the chief name in use (Banba and Fodla are still sometimes used as poetic names for Ireland, much as Albion is for Great Britain). Éire (ˈeːrʲə) is the Irish name for the island of Ireland and of the state of the same name. Albion (Ἀλβιών in Greek) is the oldest known name of the island of Great Britain. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands
Ériu, Banba and Fodhla are interpreted as goddesses of sovereignty. [2]
According to Seathrún Céitinn the three goddesses of Éire, Banbha and Fódhla were Badhbh, Macha and Móirríoghan (respectively?). Seathrún Céitinn, known in English as Geoffrey Keating, was a 17th century Irish Roman Catholic priest Poet and Historian In Irish mythology, the Badb (/baðβ/ " Crow " in Old Irish; modern Irish Badhbh /bəiv/ means " Vulture " Macha (/ˈmaxə/ is a presumed Goddess of ancient Ireland, associated with war horses sovereignty and the sites of Armagh and Emain Macha The Morrígan ("terror" or "phantom queen" or Mórrígan ("great queen" (also known as Morrígu, Morríghan, Mor-Ríoghain [3] Like Ériu, Badb is also sometimes named as a daughter of Ernmas; the two goddesses may possibly therefore be seen as equivalent.
Name and etymology
The University of Wales' reconstructed Proto-Celtic lexicon gives *Φīwerjon- (nominative singular Φīwerjō) as the Proto-Celtic etymology of this name. The University of Wales ( Prifysgol Cymru in Welsh) is a confederal University founded in 1893. Phonological reconstruction Consonants The phonological changes from Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Celtic Consonants may be summarised as follows [4] This Celtic form implies Proto-Indo-European *piHwerjon-, likely related to the adjectival stem *piHwer- "fat" (cf. Sanskrit pīvan, f. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical pīvarī and by-form pīvara, "fat, full, abounding") hence meaning "fat land" or "land of abundance", applied at an early date to the island of Ireland. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Proto-Celtic form became *īweriū[5] in Q-Celtic (Proto-Goidelic). From a similar or somewhat later form were also borrowed Greek Ἰέρνη I[w]ernē and Ἰουερνία Iouernia; the latter form was converted into Latin Hibernia. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland.
References
- ^ Lebor Gabála Érenn. Lebor Gabála Érenn ( The Book of the Taking of Ireland) is the Middle Irish title of a loose collection of Poems and Prose narratives Online translation at www.ancienttexts.org
- ^ Astro-Theology and Sidereal Mythology
- ^ Seathrún Céitinn, Foras Feasa ar Érinn. CELT online translation.
- ^ Proto-Celtic—English lexicon
- ^ Mallory, J. P. and D. Q. Adams, ed. Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Pub. , 1997, p. 194
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