Éire (pronounced [ˈeːrʲə] pronunciation ) is the Irish name for the island of Ireland. Eir ("help" or "mercy" in Old Norse is in Norse mythology, a Goddess of the Æsir who is called 'best of physicians' in the Edda Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world Éire is also the Irish name for the state named Ireland. Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe.
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Etymology
Éire is the nominative form in modern Irish of the name for the goddess called Ériu in Old Irish, a mythical figure who helped the Gaels conquer Ireland as described in the Book of Invasions. In Irish mythology, Ériu (/ˈeːrʲu/ daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron Goddess of Ireland Erin is a Hiberno-English derivative of the Irish word "Éirinn" Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The Iverni or Hiberni (Ἰουερνοι Iouernoi) were an ancient Celtic people of Ireland mentioned in Ptolemy 's 2nd century The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. In Irish mythology, Ériu (/ˈeːrʲu/ daughter of Ernmas of the Tuatha Dé Danann, was the eponymous matron Goddess of Ireland See also Mythology Myth is derived from the Greek word μύθος mythos, which simply means 'story' Lebor Gabála Érenn ( The Book of the Taking of Ireland) is the Middle Irish title of a loose collection of Poems and Prose narratives Comparison with ancient transcriptions of the name of the island of Ireland, and forms known from other Celtic languages, yields the Common Celtic reconstruction *φīwerjō, stem *φīwerjon-. The Celtic form implies Proto-Indo-European *piHwerjon-, likely related to the adjectival stem *piHwer- "fat" (cf. Sanskrit pīvan, f. Sanskrit (sa संस्कृता वाक् saṃskṛtā vāk, for short sa संस्कृतम् saṃskṛtam) is a historical pīvarī and by-form pīvara, "fat, full, abounding") hence meaning "fat land" or "land of abundance".
From the later Q-Celtic form *īwerjon-, in which the original p of the stem had been dropped (cf. The Goidelic languages, (also sometimes called particularly in colloquial situations the Gaelic languages or collectively Gaelic) historically formed a Dialect *pater > athair "father"), was borrowed the Welsh Iwerddon "Ireland". Welsh ( cy Cymraeg or cy y Gymraeg, kəmˈrɑːɨɡ and {{IPA|[ə ɡəmˈrɑːɨɡ]}}, is a member of the Brythonic branch of Celtic From a similar or somewhat later form were also borrowed Greek Ἰέρνη I[w]ernē and Ἰουερνία Iouernia; the latter form was converted into Latin Hibernia. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. Old Irish Ériu is directly descended from *φīwerjō > Q-Celtic *īweriū. [1] From it was borrowed Old English Íras "men of Ireland", whence Íraland "land of the Íras, Ireland".
Older explanations for the etymology of Éire, no longer considered linguistically plausible, are:
- Derived from a root word Ara (also spelt Arya, Aire or Aera) meaning noble, as in 'Aryan'. Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable" Among the very many poetic names for the island of Ireland was Mág Ealga meaning plain of the nobles.
- Ar or Ir in the Irish language also meant land, and according to old manuscripts was the name given to the lands of the mythological Celtic tribe of Gael Glas who travelled from Scythia across Greece and eventually to Ireland. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore"
The dative form Éirinn is anglicised as Erin, which is occasionally used as a poetic name for Ireland in English, and has also become a common feminine name in English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Female (♀ is the Sex of an Organism, or a part of an organism which produces ova (egg cells
Difference between Éire and Erin
While Éire is simply the name for Ireland in the Irish language, and sometimes used in the English, Erin is a common poetic name for Ireland in English. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The distinction between the two is one of the difference between cases of nouns in Irish. In Grammar, the case of a Noun or Pronoun indicates its Grammatical function in a greater Phrase or Clause; such as the Éire is the nominative case, the case that is used for nouns that are the subject of a sentence i. The nominative case is a Grammatical case for a Noun, which generally marks the subject of a Verb, as opposed to its object or other According to a tradition that can be tracked back to Aristotle, every sentence can be divided in two main constituents, one being the subject of the sentence and the e. the noun that is doing something. Erin is a Hiberno-English derivative of Éirinn, the Irish dative case of Éire i. Hiberno-English also known as Anglo-Irish and Irish English is English as spoken in Ireland, partly the result of the interaction of the English The dative case is a Grammatical case generally used to indicate the Noun to whom something is given e. a noun to which something is given, as in the phrase Éirinn Go Brách ((To) Ireland for Ever). Erin Go Bragh (also sometimes Erin Go Braugh) is the Anglicization of a Gaelic phrase used to express allegiance to Ireland. It is very common to also see Éireann used in the titles of companies and institutions in Ireland e. g. Iarnród Éireann (Irish Rail), Dáil Éireann (Irish Parliament) or Poblacht na hÉireann (The Republic of Ireland). rail transport in Ireland Iarnród Éireann ( IÉ;; in English, Irish Rail) is the national Railway system operator of the Republic ga '''Dáil Éireann''' ( English House of Representatives of Ireland) is the principal chamber of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament The Irish Republic ( Irish: Poblacht na hÉireann or Saorstát Éireann) was a unilaterally declared independent state of Ireland proclaimed This is Éire in its genitive case, when it marks possession of another noun or being the most important noun in a multi-noun combination. In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another
Éire as a state name
Article 4 of the Irish constitution adopted in 1937 provides that: "The name of the state is Éire, or, in the English language, Ireland. The Constitution of Ireland (Bunreacht na hÉireann came into force on 29 December 1937 after having been passed by a national plebiscite the previous July "[2] The Republic of Ireland Act enacted in 1948 makes clear that the "Republic of Ireland" is actually a description rather than the name of the state. The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 is an Act of the Oireachtas whose primary provisions were to declare that the state Ireland, is a Republic and that the President Ireland (in English) and Éire (in Irish) remain its two official names. Article 8 states that both Irish and English are the official languages of the state with Irish designated as the "national" and "first official" language.
The name "Éire" has been used on Irish postage stamps since 1922; on all Irish coinage (including Irish euro coins); and together with "Ireland" on passports and other official state documents issued since 1937. The postage stamps of Ireland are issued by the postal operator of the independent Irish state. The state now called Ireland (and sometimes described as the Republic of Ireland) decided in the mid-1920s to design its own Coins and Banknotes at this Irish euro coins all share the same design by Jarlath Hayes that of the Harp, a traditional symbol for Ireland since the Middle Ages, based on that of the Brian "Éire" is used on the Official Seal of the President of Ireland. See also Coat of arms of the Republic of Ireland Before the 1937 Constitution, "Saorstát Éireann" (the Irish translation of Irish Free State), was generally used. The Irish Free State (Saorstát Éireann (1922&ndash1937 was the state established as a Dominion on 6 December 1922 under the Anglo-Irish Treaty, signed by
From 1938 to 1962 the international plate on Irish cars was marked "EIR", short for Éire. On the international level the designation of origin for a Motor vehicle is distinguished by a supplementary international licence plate country code. In 1922-1938 it was "SE", and from 1962 "IRL" has been adopted. Irish politician, Bernard Commons TD suggested to the Dáil in 1950 that: "with regard to the tourist identification plate bearing the letters EIR" (the) "adoption of identification letters more readily associated with this country by foreigners [would be desirable]". ga '''Dáil Éireann''' ( English House of Representatives of Ireland) is the principal chamber of the Oireachtas (Irish parliament [3] The amendment was effected under the Road Traffic Act 1961.
From the 1930s Irish-registered aircraft have carried a registration mark starting "EI" for Éire. An aircraft registration is a unique Alphanumeric string that identifies an Aircraft, in similar fashion to a licence plate on an automobile
From January 2007, the Irish government nameplates at meetings of the European Union have borne both Éire and Ireland, following the adoption of Irish as a working language of the European Union. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in Irish (ga ''Gaeilge'' is a Goidelic language of the Indo-European language family originating in Ireland and historically spoken by the Irish. The languages of the European Union are Languages used by people within the member states of the European Union.
Confusion for non-Irish speakers
The name Eire should normally be used only when speaking the Irish language, as it is simply the translation of Ireland into Irish.
- It is rarely used by the state's citizens and other residents when speaking or writing in English. Use of Eire in the English language can indicate that the speaker was brought up outside the Republic. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Many Irish people think the use of "Éire" to describe the state is pejorative. Words and phrases are pejorative if they imply disapproval or contempt A recent on-line discussion gives an example of this. [4]
- Conversely, the flexibility of colloquial English is such that "Éire" can be misused by English-speakers who are intending to be polite and exact. They see it on signs and public documents and assume that, in a country where Irish is a compulsory subject in school, and where Irish is described as the "first official language" in the Irish constitution, "Éire" must be the preferred version.
Other uses
Éire has also been incorporated into the names of Irish commercial and social entities, such as "eircom plc" (formerly "Telecom Éireann")[5] and the pop group ScaryÉire. eircom Group plc is the largest Telecommunications operator in the Republic of Ireland. [6] In 2006 the Irish electricity network was devolved to EirGrid. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. EirGrid plc is the state-owned Electric power transmission operator in the Republic of Ireland
Footnotes
- ^ Mallory, J. P. and D. Q. Adams, ed. Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture. London: Fitzroy Dearborn Pub. , 1997, p. 194
- ^ "Bunreacht Na Éireann". Office of the Houses of the Oireachtas. Retrieved on 14 March 2007
- ^ Dáil debates, 22 March 1950, page 2198. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Is Skypein working in Éire?"
- ^ [http://www.eircom.ie/cgi-bin/bvsm/bveircom/mainPage.jsp eircom homepage
- ^ Comment on ScaryÉire
Bibliography and sources
- Noel Browne, Against the Tide
- Bunreacht na hÉireann (1937 Irish Constitution)
- Stephen Collins, The Cosgrave Legacy
- Tim Pat Coogan, De Valera (Hutchinson, 1993)
- Brian Farrell, De Valera's Constitution and Ours
- F. S. L. Lyons, Ireland since the Famine
- David Gwynn Morgan, Constitutional Law of Ireland
- Tim Murphy and Patrick Twomey (eds. ) Ireland's Evolving Constitution: 1937–1997 Collected Essays (Hart, 1998) ISBN 1901362175
- Alan J. Ward, The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782–1992 (Irish Academic Press, 1994) ISBN 07165252283
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